The Soviet Union built the world's first nuclear power plant
nuclear power plant is a power facility that uses the thermal energy generated by one or several power reactors to generate electricity, or power generation and heating. reactor is a key equipment for nuclear power plants, and chain fission reactions are carried out in it. Systems and facilities that convert nuclear energy released by the nucleus of nucleus into thermal energy and then into electrical energy are usually called nuclear power plants. The fuel used in nuclear power plants is uranium. The nuclear fuel made of uranium is fission in the equipment of the "reactor" and generates a large amount of heat energy. Then the water at high pressure is used to bring out the heat energy, and steam is generated in the steam generator . The steam drives the steam turbine and the generator rotate together, and the electricity is continuously generated and sent to all directions through the power grid.
OBlingsk Nuclear Power Plant
1954 The former Soviet Union built the world's first nuclear power plant-Aublingsk Nuclear Power Plant. The United States built the first nuclear power plant in 1957, and France also started in 1959.
By 1960, only four countries in the world built 10 nuclear power plants with a total power of 860,000 kilowatts. According to statistics in 1995, there were more than 500 nuclear power plants around the world, and nuclear power accounts for 23.16% of the world's power generation.
nuclear power generation is quite safe, environmentally friendly and economical. Nuclear energy is gradually replacing various other energy sources. The fuel costs of nuclear power plants are much lower than those of thermal power plants. For the 10 million kilowatt pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant, 40 tons of fuel need to be replenished each year, of which only 1.5 tons of uranium-235 are consumed, and the rest can still be recovered. So fuel transport is insignificant. For a 10 million kilowatt coal-burning power plant, it consumes at least 2.12 to 3.5 million tons of standard coal every year, and an average of 10,000 tons of wheels or three 40-car trains transport coal to the power plant every day. The heavy burden of transportation is conceivable. Nuclear power plants are giants in the energy queue. Nuclear power plants eat very little, but they are extremely powerful.
Compared with traditional thermal power plants, nuclear power plants have very obvious advantages:
(1) Nuclear power generation does not emit huge amounts of pollutants into the atmosphere like fossil fuel power generation, so nuclear power generation will not cause air pollution;
(2) Nuclear power generation has no carbon emissions and will not aggravate the earth greenhouse effect ;
(3) Nuclear power generation has no carbon emissions and will not aggravate the earth greenhouse effect ;
(3) Nuclear energy The uranium fuel used in power generation has no other uses except power generation;
(4) The energy density of nuclear fuel is millions of times higher than that of fossil fuels, so the fuel used in nuclear power plants is small in size and is convenient for transportation and storage. A 10 million kilowatt nuclear power plant only needs 30 tons of uranium fuel a year, and a one-voyage aircraft can complete the transportation;
(5) The fuel cost accounts for a relatively low proportion of the cost of nuclear power generation, and the cost of nuclear power generation is not easily affected by the international economic situation, so the cost of power generation is relatively stable.
Nuclear power plants also have some obvious disadvantages:
(1) nuclear power plants will produce high and low-order radioactive waste, or used nuclear fuel. Although it accounts for a small size, it must be handled carefully because of its radioactivity;
(2) Nuclear power plants have low thermal efficiency, so they emit more waste heat than ordinary fossil fuel plants, so nuclear power plants have serious thermal pollution to the environment;
(3) The investment cost of nuclear power plants is too high. power company 's financial risk is high;
(4) Nuclear power is less suitable for operation at full load and is not suitable for operation below standard load;
(5) Construction of nuclear power plants is often prone to cause political disputes;
(6) There is a large amount of radioactive substance in the reactor of a nuclear power plant. If it is released to the external environment in an accident, it will cause harm to the ecology and the people.
