Yesterday I read the long article "The Roots of Shun Culture on the Ancient Road of Hunan and Guizhou - From the Historical System of Quanzhou, Looking at the Roots of Shun Culture" written by Jiang Xuejun, Minister of the Propaganda Department of Quanzhou County Party Committee. The impression I gave me is that this article is exactly the same as Jiang Xianxi's "Qianzhou in the Southern Chu: A New Study on Jiuyishan in the Burial Place of Emperor Shun". Except for the more words than Jiang Wen, there is no new meaning at all. Let’s take the first part of this article, “ Quanzhou Institutional History ” as an example. As the main official of Quanzhou County, and the propaganda minister of the county party committee, the author has not even figured out the historical history of the county, which is a bit unreasonable. The article says: "From the historical establishment place names of Quanzhou, they are Lingling , Xiangyuan, Xiangchuan, Qingxiang, and today's Quanzhou. These historical place names run through a historical root of related to Shun culture." On the contrary, Lingling is not the first county in Quanzhou. The historical establishment rankings of the whole province are Taoyang , Xiangyuan, Xiangchuan, Qingxiang, and today's Quanzhou.
As early as 1981, Guangxi's cultural and historical authority, Guangxi archaeology authority, and former director of Guangxi History Museum Jiang Tingyu wrote an article "Taoyang, the earliest county in Guangxi Province - Taoyang" (original published in the "Academic Forum" No. 6, 1981) and pointed out: Taoyang County is today Quanzhou County, Guangxi. "Taoyang" County is the first county in the history of Quanzhou. Taoyang County was established in the sixth year of Yuanding in the Han Dynasty (111 BC), and its capital was located on the back slope of Meitan Village, Yongshui Township. From 111 BC to the ninth year of Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty (589 AD), Taoyang, Lingling and Guanyang counties were Xiangyuan counties. Taoyang County has been around for about 700 years from its establishment to its end. The Ming Dynasty Jiajing First Auxiliary, Quanzhou Jiang Mian has an article "Tao Shui Care", which verifies that "Han generals attacked the north and south of the Tao River in "Records of the Grand Historian: The Basic Annals of Emperor Gaozu" are here. He also wrote a poem "The Famous County of Taoshui First": "The first county of Lingling was established, and Taoyang County was the first." It also proves that Taoyang County is the first county in Quanzhou today.
There is neither "Qin County Lingling Mausoleum" nor "Han County Lingling Mausoleum" in the history of the whole province. People in Quanzhou always say that " Qin Shihuang established Lingling County in Quanzhou", and there is no official record. Their basis is that Yiwenzhi Zongheng has the book "Qin Lingling Lingxin" at home. The original content has been lost, which means that there is only the title but no content. In fact, this was fabricated by people from all over the province.
According to the inference of Liang Qichao , whether this "Ling" in "Qin Lingling Lingxin" is a surname or official position, it is not reliable to say that Qin Lingling County is established. From the bibliography, there is the word "Qin" that shows that this is not a real event in the Qin Dynasty, but a fictional story made by the Qin queen, otherwise the word "Qin" would not have been named before. If "Ling" refers to the surname, it goes without saying that "Lingling" cannot be proved that "Lingling" is Qin County. If "Ling" is an official position, according to Liang Qichao, Taoyang was the largest and most prosperous county in Lingling County at that time. During the more than ten years of Qin to the Han Dynasty, Qin had destroyed Chu, Qin Ping Baiyue , and years of wars at the end of Qin. Taoyang was only a "Chang" county with only 10,000 households in the early days of Emperor Jing. It was not until the middle and late period of Emperor Jing that it was restored to "Ling" county with more than 10,000 households. At this time, the entire Lingling County was only more than 21,000 households. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen , the entire Changsha State had only 25,000 households. The capital Linxiang was the "Ling" county with more than 10,000 households, accounting for almost half. During the Qin Dynasty, Taoyang might not have had more than 10,000 households. It is impossible for a small county called Lingling to become a county called Lingling of more than 10,000 households.
According to the "Qin Lingling Lingxin", there is no other evidence to say that the establishment of Lingling County in Qin is not reliable. Liang Qichao and others' opinions have been widely recognized by the historical community, including Mr. Ruogu, an expert in Guangxi local chronicles, , who did not agree with the establishment of Lingling County in Qin, and published an article "There is no Qin County Lingling in history"; Li Zhen, deputy captain of the Guangxi Archaeological Team and researcher of Guangxi Cultural Relics Working Team, has participated in the archaeology and excavation of ancient ruins in Quanzhou, Xing'an , and Guan County on many occasions. He published a research article on "The Study of Lingling County in the Han Dynasty" in the second issue of 2004 in " Guangxi Ethnic Research " (Issue 76 of the General) . His research results show that Lingling County in Guangxi's history was set up in in the Han Dynasty, not Lingling County during the Qin Shihuang period, and the county seat was in Xing'an Jieshou, not in Xianshui Township, Quanzhou.This coincides with the views of Ruogu, an expert in Guangxi’s local chronicles.
Besides, it is impossible to set up a county in Guangxi to set up a "Lingling County" in two places at the same time, right? The 2004 "Xing'an County Chronicle" records that Qin Shihuang set up Lingling County in Xing'an, and his capital was located in Chengzi Mountain, Jieshou Town, Xing'an. The 2005 "Quanzhou County Chronicles" also records: Qin Shihuang established Lingling County in Quanzhou, and the capital was located 39 kilometers southwest of the county, Xianshui Township . Quanzhou did this, making Qin Shihuang confused: What's going on? When did I set up "Lingling County" with the same name in two adjacent places at the same time?
Open Ming Dynasty "Yongzhou Prefecture Chronicle" is not difficult to see: In ancient times, that is, the Qin Emperor and Han Wu period, most of the area of Quanzhou was under the jurisdiction of a county called "Taoyang", which was the first county name in Quanzhou. Taoyang County was established in the sixth year of Han Dynasty (111 BC). Some scholars also believe that it was established in the fifth year of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, that is, in 124 BC. In fact, in the fifth year of Yuanshuo of Emperor Wu of Han, Taoyang Houguo was established. After Taoyang Houguo disappeared, Taoyang County was renamed. Anyway, it was earlier than the establishment of "Lingling County" in Guangxi (Jieshou Town, Xing'an County). In the ninth year of Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty, that is, in 589 AD, Taoyang County, Lingling and Guanyang County ( Guanyang ) were Xiangyuan County, which is the second county name in the province. Taoyang County, as a county-level administrative unit, has existed for more than 700 years in Chinese history. The county seat is located in the "Bizhoutan" behind Meitan Village, Yongshu Township, Quanzhou County.
Taoyang County is the first county name in the province. In 1973, three maps painted on silk were unearthed from the Han tomb of Mawangdui No. 3, Changsha, provided evidence for it: one of them is The southern topographic map of Changsha in the early Western Han Dynasty , marked with the word "Taoyang" in the northwest corner of the map, plus a box. According to the legend of the map "Collection of the Unearthed Map of No. 3 Han Tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha" ("Cultural Relics" No. 2, 1975), the box is the symbol of a county-level unit, indicating that "Taoyang" is the county name. Its geographical location is in the northwest of Quanzhou County and the west bank of Xiangjiang River, which happens to be within the scope of Lingling County recorded in the "Han Shu Geography". Qing people Gu Zuyu said in "Minutes of Reading History" that "Taoyang abolished county, 35 miles north of (all) prefecture, and a county established by the Han Dynasty, named after Taoshui passing through its south." "Guangxi Tongzhi" also said: The ancient city site of Taoyang County is "35 miles north of Quanzhou, and the place name is Gaizhoutan."
By Jiang Tingyu, the former captain of the Guangxi Archaeological Team and the most authoritative historical archaeological expert in Guangxi, led an archaeological team to conduct on-site investigations in Quanzhou four times, and confirmed that behind Meitan Village, Yongshu Township, Quanzhou County, it is commonly known as "City Wall". It was formerly known as "Caizhoutan". There is indeed an ancient city site. The foundation of the city wall still exists. Many rope-patterned tiles and cylinder tiles can be seen on the ground inside the city. Blue patterns, mat patterns, rice patterns, square patterns and other printed pottery pieces are all relics of the Han Dynasty. There are groups of Han Dynasty tombs on the nearby mountains outside the city wall. This city site is the ancient city of Taoyang County that Gu Zuyu mentioned. The map of the Mawangdui silk book is the county town of "Taoyang", and "Tao" is undoubtedly a different style of the character "Tao". A wooden note unearthed from the Han tomb No. 3, Mawangdui, wrote the text "February 12th year, Yiyi and Wuchen", indicating that the tomb was buried in the twelfth year, , , 12th year of Chuyuan (18 BC). "The Main Harvests of the Excavation of No. 2 and No. 3 Han Tombs of Mawangdui" (see " Archaeological " Issue 1, 1975), it is believed that this map was drawn earlier than the time it was buried. It can be seen that Taoyang County was already in Guangxi in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, which was 44 years earlier than the records of "Han Shu: Prince and Hou Biao".
In 1960, two talc seals were unearthed in a Han tomb belonging to the Wenjing period (179-141 BC), one seal was "Taoyang Chang Seal" and the other seal was "Faiyang Ling Seal". "Research on the Seals of the Western Han Dynasty Unearthed in Changsha and Its Related Issues" (see "Archaeology" No. 4, 1978) believes that when two seals are edited, "ei" should be a different style of the character "Tao". There are two private seals in the same tomb: the bronze seal of "General Su" and the jade seal of "Su Ying", which should be the name of the tomb owner. Ling and Chang were both the chief executives of a county in the Han Dynasty. The "Taoyang Chang Seal" and "Faiyang Ling Seal" were the official seal Ming utensils when Su Ying was appointed as the magistrate of Taoyang and the county magistrate.According to the "Book of Han: The List of Officials and Ministers": "A hundred households are above ten thousand, and the order is 1,000 to 600,000 households are reduced to 1,000 to 600,000 households are reduced to 1,000, and the order is 500 to 300,000." Su Zhi first became the chief of Taoyang and then the Taoyang ruling. During his tenure, the population of this county increased. This completely shows that Taoyang County not only existed in the early Han Dynasty, but also had been promoted from a small county with less than 10,000 households to a large county with more than 10,000 households.
Taoyang County is the first county name in the state, why do some people in the state, including this propaganda minister, pretend not to know and not recognize it? It turns out that the name "Taoyang" has an allusion. There are two place names called Zhutou in the Yixiang River Basin of Quanzhou: Zhutouzhai and Zhutoushan. Don’t underestimate these two slightly funny place names. This is one of the ironclad evidences of Gutaoyang. The ancient Taoyang Hou Kingdom was granted a son to Changsha Dingwang . Its name is "Liu Ku (Zhu)" in "Shui Jing Zhu", and in the chronology and notes of "Han Shu" are called "Liu Shouyan" and "Liu Gou Xiao" and "Liu Gou Xiao" in "Zhu". "Zhu" means "pig". Therefore, there are many place names near Taoyang Houguo in Quanzhou, such as "Zhutouzhai", "Zhupozhai", "Zhutoushan", and "Zhutou Lane". This "Liu Shouyan" or "Liu Goujiu" was another short-lived ghost. In the eighth year after being enthroned by the Marquis State, that is, in 117 BC, he died of illness and did not leave a son or a half of his daughters. Therefore, no one took over the Taoyang Marquis State and was immediately changed to Taoyang County. Based on this historical background, it is reasonable for people in Quanzhou to not mention "Taoyang" as their first county name.
The name "Taoyang" has a long history and rich cultural heritage. It is undoubtedly the first county name in the province!
