Released in 2019, " 娑婆诃 " directed by Korean screenwriter Jang Jae-hyun can be said to be one of the few films with religious themes but rich discussions.
The whole film is like it is taken from the Chinese title "Suo Po He" in Sanskrit, which discusses what people think of as a complete achievement.
uses Lee Jung-jae to play a priest who constantly asks himself and wonders about the existence of Jesus, and uncovers the suspenseful story set against the background of Eastern religions, and deeply digs out "what is a successful achievement" ?" discussion.
Pastor’s question:
Where are you?
Did you just bury our face in sadness? wake up
listen to our cries and sighs
get up
use your kindness to save us from evil_span _span _p2sp p2p3p please listen to our prayers
This passage is the narration of Lee Jeong-jae, who plays the pastor, at the end of "Sao Po He". It almost runs through the entire film and becomes the main axis of thought.
"Where are you (God/Lord/Jesus)?" "God, does it really exist?" This echoes the discussion of mortals "becoming Buddha" in Eastern religions.
Because Lee Jung-jae is hesitant to God, although he walks in the society as a pastor, he has set up a "Religious Issues Research Association" with his ambition to excavate non-religious behaviors of religious groups.
In his opinion, the existing religions are nothing more than collecting money, deceiving sex, and direct sales in the name of religion.
For example, leading the believers to the end.
And this drama started under the firm belief of Lee Jung Jae.
In the film, no donations are accepted at all, but donations are also given to the believers. The mysterious religious group "Luyeyuan" who believes in the four kings was targeted by Lee Jung-jae.
Intuitively, he thinks that "I can't find any strange place, that is the strangest place of this religious group."
Finally, through the scriptures used by "Luyeyuan", he opened up his interpretation of Jindi, the founder of Orientalism. Digging: A man who is considered by the Buddhist world to be closest, or who has become a Buddha.
But this man who is said to be a Buddha is really a Buddha?
Just like what Lee Jeong-jae, who plays the pastor, questioned, does this Jesus, who is said to be kind to all living beings, really loves us?
What is ? What is Consummation?
"Nirvana (link is external)", as a Buddhist language, means detachment from the reincarnation of the human world.
In addition to being no longer bound to the limited physical body, it is more important to not be trapped by "greed, hatred, ignorance, desire, and thought", to understand the world and human affairs, so that we can get away from suffering and achieve great wisdom. .
And such great wisdom is also the original meaning of "Suo Po He".
Therefore, the term "Suo Po He" seen in the "Great Compassion Mantra" and "Heart Sutra" is mostly used as the ending sentence, which means to understand and achieve the XXX in front, which is the perfect wisdom of merit.
But the completion of merit does not necessarily need to be separated from the flesh.Different cultures have different imaginations for the fulfillment of merit.
New Confucianism master Mou Zongsan believes that “consummation” should basically fall into the “highest good” discussion. However, for the "highest good", Confucianism , Taoism , Buddhism, and even Kant have their own interpretations.
Each has different interpretations of Yuanshan (the highest good), so the solutions are also different;
This is Mou Zongsan's discussion on the interpretation of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism.
The so-called "teaching", Mou Zongsan believes that it can open up the rationality of people, enable people to use their rationality to purify their lives through various types of practice, and achieve the highest ideals. Therefore, in terms of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Kant , Mou Zongsan believes that there are all ways to pursue perfection:
In the case of Buddhism , and Mou Zongsan used span2span . The viewpoint of Tiantai Sect is the main axis, and I point out that "that" is used as the grasp of Yuanjiao ; in other words, everything is two things and phases;
Therefore, "there is no evil, but the original is good."
There is no such thing as evil. If you think that there is evil, it is because you cannot understand the comprehensive good.
I don't understand the true meaning of "ie", and I don't understand the two seemingly opposite sides of "worries are bodhi" and "life and death are nirvana", but they can be viewed at the same time.
In other words,As a method of pursuing consummation, "ie" has the epiphany to see through the appearance and understand the sameness of all things.
In terms of Taoism , Mou Zongsan believes that there is also the principle of Yuanjiao. This "teaching" is based on "naturalness" as the highest pursuit, and the realization of inaction and inaction;
inaction without failure ( Those who do it will lose), and those who hold onto it will lose nothing. Because those who have attachments are limited, and those who are limited are not complete.
As for the Confucian aspect , Mou Zongsan believes that the Confucian Yuanjiao is not like the Buddhist and Taoist schools, which can be directly used as a method by the treacherous "i".
Buddhism understands three thousand worries through the "relief of the mind and no staining" and realizes it with one thought;
Taoists use the "non-action and non-attachment" to grasp the "nothingness" of breaking the existence and breaking the nothing;
Confucianism is not to be separated Crowd, “respect for straightness inward, righteousness to outside” and “intolerance of benevolence” as the pursuit method of the supreme good. Through “practice of benevolence”, the infinite mind and infinite rationality are concretely displayed and achieved. The so-called highest good.
Kant started from the dualistic framework of Western epistemology, with "good and evil" as the object of practical rationality.
And the object that is inevitably desired (desired), evil is the object that is inevitably avoided (disgusted) according to the principle of rationality.
In other words, we must make the desired object be realized through practice
Under the explanation of Mou Zongsanyuan goodness, Kant actually clearly stated that if the intended object is sent by "sensual desire" or guided by "God's will".
Both are other disciplines, and neither can be used as a method of pursuing perfect good unless they are dominated by self-will.
The reason is that the object of intention is emitted by "sensual desire", which means that the object is caused by the outside, not "autonomous", but "seeking it" or "desire outside." .
This kind of practical discussion only falls on the judgment of "happiness and pain", rather than the judgment of "good and evil";
falls on the judgment of "happiness and pain" and it is easy to be subjective and personal;
but If this judgment of perfection is triggered by the absolute perfection of God's will, such morality is "the moral order given to you by God", which violates Kant's recognition of moral self-discipline.
Because of the so-called "self-discipline", it means that the moral law that guides good must be based on one's own will.
What is happiness? How to be consistent with morals and happiness?
Through various methods of pursuing perfection (teaching), we have the opportunity to be happy.
Mou Zongsan believes that the imagination of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism should actually fall under the concept of "the harmony of virtue and happiness".
believes that just knowing goodness and practicing goodness is not enough to make people continue to pursue goodness. Only by achieving "consistent virtue and happiness" can the practice of the highest good be concretely displayed and the whole life will be abundant. This is Mou Zongsan Institute Said "round goodness".
Therefore, from the point of view of Buddhism, in grasping the enlightenment of "immediateness", one thought can contain three thousand defilements, but it can also be turned around, and one thought is ignorant.
This method of transferring is to realize that troubles are nothing but "greed, hatred, ignorance, desire, thought";
when virtue is present, the heart can be untainted, and everything that exists will follow. In turn, all good and evil purification methods become Buddhadharma, which is called Changle, which is blessing.
Such "consistent virtue and happiness" is a natural existence.
As far as Taoism is concerned,The so-called virtue and happiness should be the grasp of "wuwu";
understands that whether it is "wu" or "you" is on one side of the frame, only "wuwu" that breaks even "wu" (Mou Zongsan Think that this is what Zhuangzi calls "meditation"), then everything can be self-contained, so this is the most complete state of transformation.
On the other hand, the process of Confucianism that falls into the practice of benevolence among the people is not easy. How does Confucianism achieve the same virtue and happiness?
Mou Zongsan mentioned that "existence turns with the heart is blessing", but the blessing that turns with the heart must depend on "self-discipline in the virtue of heaven";
Therefore, all these behaviors are in accordance with the principles of heaven and right through conscience and sincerity. Let the mind and matter become one, and you will not be limited by the external "fate" (others think it has), so virtue and happiness are self-consistent.
As for the western interpretation of happiness, according to Mou Zongsan, he believes that Kant is understood in the framework of practicing morality with moral will.
If the consistency of virtue and happiness is to be possible, it must be ensured that "virtue" (morality) and "fu" (happiness) are necessarily related; it is as self-evident as God exists and the soul is immortal.
Then again, morality and happiness cannot be a perceptual relationship, and its authenticity must be transferred to the transcending realm.
Under the premise of "the soul is immortal", the process of making people's efforts to achieve morality can be "infinite process", so that they can completely obey the moral law, when they can practice the moral law completely by their own will, it is "Happiness" in the Kant sense.
However, in the film, did Jin Di release happiness? Has he become a Buddha as he wished?
Who is the demon? Who is the Buddha?
In the film, a Tibetan lama who came to South Korea to teach Dharma said in the mouth: King Sakyamuni has become a Buddha.
Tibetan lama said:
In Mahayana Buddhism,The so-called becoming a Buddha means reaching the perfection.
However, when Tibetan Buddhism spread to Japan, great changes took place. They believe that becoming a Buddha means conquering the body without being restricted by the ultimate limit of human beings and reaching the immortal body.
But, is it really perfect to get immortality? Is it really pure Nirvana?
Become a Buddha? Or become a demon? It is the true turning point of the story.
The Tibetan Lama said that when he met Jindi Shi, he told him a prediction that he would meet his natural enemies in 100 years, and that he would eventually be wiped out because of the awakening of the natural enemies. Not only the physical body cannot be kept, but there is even no hope of becoming a Buddha.
After hearing this prophecy, the immortal Jin Di Shi began to fear, because of fear, this "Buddha" was no longer pure.
In order to highlight the true meaning of this "becoming a Buddha", the director and screenwriter deliberately arranged a strong contrast from the beginning-the birth of a girl regarded as a monster.
This monster girl, who has no name and has not been reported to her account, was deliberately alienated by her relatives because her body was covered with black hair, and was abandoned in a tin house on the side of the house.
In order to increase the horror of the monster girl, it is described at the beginning of the film that she kills her parents and also affects the demonization of the twin sister in the mother's womb.
Therefore, one is regarded as the closest Buddha to the Buddha, and a girl regarded as a monster, has achieved the contrast thinking of the story "becoming a Buddha or becoming a demon?"
The director deliberately let the two have six fingers representing the Buddha at the same time, leading the audience to think more deeply, what is the real "Buddhism"? And what is a "magic"?
is immortality that breaks through the physical limitations, is it a Buddha? Or is it the only child who has a short life of more than ten years and is regarded as a monster for a lifetime, but the girl who protects the most important point in the world is the Buddha?
The monster girl died together as Jindi released her breath,She was born in this world almost to get rid of Jin Di Shi. When completing this task, the merits were fulfilled and Nirvana passed away.
Who is the devil and who is the Buddha? It is the most fascinating and thought-provoking part of the film.
Happiness is self-discipline fighting against desire
What is real "happiness"? What is the real "moral and happiness"?
In the face of desire, can we still be beautiful? Or is it already deformed inside?
Jin Di Shi turned himself from a Buddha into a demon because of his fear of natural enemies and his desire for immortality.
I think that Jin Di Shi is actually just a pronoun. He points to countless us who are trapped and controlled by desire.
Are we demons, Buddhas, or demons? What is happiness? What is Consummation? This movie is worthy of our repeated recollection, and it can lead us to look directly at ourselves.
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