Among them, Alfred Eisenstart took the famous photo "Hot Kiss on the Victory Day of World War II on Japan", which shows an American sailor kissing another woman in public in Times Square. In addition, while Australia celebrated the end of the war, local journalists also took phot

After confirming that the war had ended, civilians and soldiers of the Allied countries were extremely happy about it, and many allied countries began to hold many events in various places to celebrate the victory of the war against Japan during August 14 and August 15. Among them, Alfred Eisenstart took the famous photo "V-J Day in Times Square", which shows an American sailor kissing another woman in public in Times Square. In addition, while Australia celebrated the end of the war, local journalists also took photos of people celebrating happily, "Dancing Man". But at the same time, the Soviet government revealed in negotiations with the United States that it hopes to occupy the local area of ​​Hokkaido.

But unlike the United States allowing the Soviet Union to occupy East Germany and North Korea and master local development, this plan to occupy the inland Japan was opposed by US President Harry S. Truman. On August 14, 1945, Zhu De Peng Dehuai sent Chen Jiang, publicly expressing his resistance to the order given to the army on garrison on August 10. On August 15, Zhu De also called himself the "Commander-in-Chief of the Anti-Japanese Army of the China Liberated Area" and called Okamura Yasuji (Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Expeditionary Army) to order his Japanese army to surrender to the army. On August 16, Chiang Kai-shek called the commander-in-chief of the Japanese Chinese Expeditionary Army, Okamura Yasuji. At 5:32 pm on August 17, he received a telegram from Okamura Yasuji.

htmlOn August 19, Japanese officials went to Manila to meet Douglas MacArthur, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces in Japan, and briefly listened to his plans to occupy Japan. On August 28, 150 American military personnel arrived at the city of Akigi in Kanagawa Prefecture to prepare for occupation, and the U.S. Navy Third Fleet also entered Tokyo Bay, and since then it entered the military occupation of Japan by the Allies. On the same day, the Soviet Red Army also announced that the Soviet government had occupied the Kuril Islands. Then, ships led by the battleship Missouri, carrying the 4th Marine Regiment of the US Marine Corps, arrived one after another on the southern coast of Kanagawa, and other Allied personnel also went to Japan to serve.

August 30 MacArthur also arrived in Tokyo for a visit, and then issued several laws to maintain social order in Japan, including that allied personnel are not allowed to beat the Japanese people and fight for the rare food ingredients in Japan itself. In addition, the Allies initially strictly restricted the hanging of the Japanese flag and the Rising Sun Flag, requiring individuals and prefectures to use the flag after applying. This restriction was not partially lifted until 1948.

In addition, after the end of World War II , various countries and societies argued about the ethical and moral issues of the atomic bomb task conducted in Hiroshima City and Nagasaki City. The investment of the new atomic bomb weapon immediately killed nearly 200,000 Japanese people and a large number of civilians suffered damage to varying degrees of severity, and two local buildings and other infrastructure were also seriously damaged. In addition, after the atomic bomb explosion, the persons who were exposed and those who continued to live there were continued to be affected by radiation, which also made the public question whether the decision of the atomic bomb explosion to promote Japan's surrender was of importance and necessity.

surrender ceremony

1 On September 2, 2019. The Allied Powers officially held a surrender ceremony (Ceremony). A total of 11 delegations of the Great Japanese Empire boarded the US warship Missouri, anchored in Tokyo Bay, and signed the "Suburdation Document" on the deck of the battleship at 9:00 that day to express their willingness to surrender unconditionally. The entire surrender ceremony was broadcast all over the world through TV channels. First, the Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Aomiya signed a peace treaty on behalf of the Japanese government, and the Japanese Emperor , the Chief of Staff of the Imperial Japanese Army and the Commander-in-Chief of the Kanto Army , General Mijiro Umezu, on behalf of the headquarters.Later, the Supreme Allied Commander of the Southwest Pacific Theater and Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces in Southwest Pacific War Zone in followed up with the signing of the treaty, and the witnesses were made by US Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wainwright, who had become prisoners of war in Philippines and Singapore respectively.

Afterwards, the United States represented General Chester William Nimitz , representative of the Republic of China, representative of the Republic of China, representative of the United Kingdom, representative of the United Kingdom, representative of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant General Kuzma Derevyanko, representative of the Soviet Union, Marshal Thomas Blamey, representative of Australia, Colonel Lawrence Moore Cosgrave, representative of Canada, representative of the French Republic, representative of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, representative of the Advancement Philip Leclerc, representative of the Netherlands, representative of the Conrad Emir Lambert Helfrich (Conrad) General Emil Lambert Helfrich and Major General Leonard Monk Isitt signed in sequence, and the official end of World War II has been officially declared.

However, when signing the contract contents saved by Japan, the Canadian representative Colonel Kosglev, who lost his eyesight during World War I, accidentally signed his name down into the next field, which made the subsequent signatures of the representative representatives of the Allied countries go to the next column than the field. In response, Japanese representative Shigekimiya said that signing diplomatic documents in the wrong position may not be approved by Congress. With the departure of representatives of MacArthur and other signatory representatives, MacArthur's Chief of Staff, Richard Sutherland, decided to make a manual correction with a pen. On September 6, the documents and signatures of the "Suburdification Documents" kept by the United States were delivered to Washington District , and the next day, Harry S. Truman held a formal ceremony at White House . The "Auspension Document" retained by the United States was collected by the State Archives and Records Administration, while the version preserved in Japan was placed in the Tokyo Museum in Edo, Tokyo.

On the same day, the Emperor of Japan issued an edict:

"

I have received the promise Showa On July 26, 20th, the head of the three governments of the United States, China and the United Kingdom issued the following declarations and participated by the Soviet Union. The imperial government and its headquarters were exposed by the Supreme Commander of the United Nations. The subjugation document was signed on my behalf, and the general orders against the army and navy were announced in accordance with the instructions of the Supreme Commander of the United Nations. I ordered my subjects to stop hostilities and abandon weapons, and to fulfill all the items of the subjugation document and the general orders published by the base camp.

”

. Shortly after Japan signed the "Subjugation Document", the US military, which occupied the first on behalf of the Allies, demanded that the security offices in various places be disarmed and declared surrender within 24 hours. Then on September 9, 1945, the General Command of the Allied Forces in Japan held a surrender ceremony for the Japanese army in various places to prepare for defense operations in Aomori Prefecture, and the commander of the Omakoto Security Office, Wanor Ugaki, commander of the 50th Army (Japanese Army), and the governor of Aomori Prefecture, Motohiko Kanei, signed an order to agree to the military occupation of the Allied Powers. After the Japanese government officially signed the "Submission Document", other occupied areas or a few resistance armed forces under Japan's Pacific region also announced their surrender one by one.

945 On September 9, 1945, nearly one million Japanese troops deployed in China announced their surrender to Chiang Kai-shek, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Chinese Theater in Nanjing. At 9:00 a.m. on September 9, General Okamura Yasuji, commander-in-chief of the surrender ceremony in the auditorium of the Nanjing Army Headquarters (formerly Whampoa Military Academy). General Okamura Yasuji, commander-in-chief of the Japanese Chinese Expeditionary Army, signed the letter of surrender in Japan. Okamura Yasuji's sabre was taken over by General He Yingqin and is currently in the collection of the National Military Historical Relics Museum of the Republic of China. The material of this knife is hand-forged steel, and there are 5 lions engraved in the hilt.Okamura Yasuji also accepted the first order of the Supreme Commander of the Chinese Theater, confirming that all Taiwan's army, navy, air force and auxiliary forces surrendered to Chairman Chiang and obeyed Chairman Chiang and He Yingqin's command.

htmlOn September 12, the Japanese army deployed in Southeast Asia (excluding north 16 degrees north latitude of Vietnam) held a surrender ceremony in Singapore. The first generation of Mountbatten Count of Burma accepted the surrender on behalf of the Supreme Commander of the Southeast Asian War Zone. Afterwards, except for Thailand that had not been colonized by the Japanese army and retained its sovereignty, many Southeast Asian countries that were once occupied by military were re-arranged as colonies of Britain, the United States and France after the war. However, many colonial people who used to be other people also returned to their homes and began to encourage local people to launch a war of independence to fight for their rights, which made many Southeast Asian countries declared their independence from 1950 to 1960. For example, on August 17, shortly after Japan announced its surrender, Manchuria, which was a puppet regime, completely collapsed, and on the same day, Indonesian leader Sukano issued a declaration of independence, and military conflict broke out in order to avoid becoming a Dutch colony again.

After the Japanese government announced its surrender, North Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, which were regarded as an important jurisdiction by Japan in the past, also announced the lifting of their jurisdiction. As early as August 15, Japan's surrender, the Japanese administration of Korea officially ended. The Soviet troops that had invaded the Korean Peninsula stopped at the 38th latitude north latitude, while the US military landed from Incheon Gwangju City, and eventually became the situation in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which was supported by the United States, and the Soviet-backed situation in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which was supported by the United States, and the Soviet-backed situation in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which was supported by the Soviet Union, to the south of the 38th latitude.

. During World War II, France and Japan were originally jointly governed by French Indochina. Shortly after Japan officially surrendered on September 2, Ho Chi Minh issued the " Declaration of Independence of Vietnam ", but the Nguyen Dynasty government led by Emperor Bao Da decided to suppress the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on the grounds of supporting communism; after that, France broke out in order to re-rule Vietnam, and the United States decided to assist in the establishment of the Republic of Vietnam in 1954, which later became one of the fuses of the Vietnam War. In addition, on October 25, the Japanese army in Taiwan surrendered to General Chen Yi, the surrender representative of the Allies at the Taipei Guild Hall, and Taiwan has since been taken over by the Republic of China.

Subsequent

Post-war processing

Until 1947, all prisoners of war imprisoned by the British, the United States and other Western Allied forces were successively repatriated (Repatriation) and returned to Japan. But until April 1949, due to the Second Civil War between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, more than 60,000 Japanese prisoners of war remained in China for various reasons. Thousands of Japanese army members and Manchuria and Mongolian pioneering immigrants reached a secret agreement with the warlords of the Shanxi National Revolutionary Army. In order to revive the Great Japanese Empire and occupy China again, they were organized into Yan Xishan's troops. In addition, the Chinese Communist army also accepted Japanese prisoners of war and allowed them to join the Eighth Route Army and the Chinese People's Liberation Army. In addition, Japanese prisoners of war, including Masazo Funaga, were not repatriated until the late 1950s.

But on the other hand, Japan's surrender also means that Japan's logistics needs are even greater. When Japan surrendered, more than 5400,000 Japanese Army soldiers and 1800,000 Japanese Navy soldiers were captured by the Allied forces. If the day of surrender is also used as the calculation standard, the total number of military personnel serving in Japan is 4335,500, and there are 3527,000 soldiers deployed overseas. The huge number of military personnel, the infrastructure that was severely damaged during World War II, and the severe famine that broke out in Japan in 1946 all complicated the survival of the Allies' prisoners of war and ordinary civilians.

At the end of the war, Chiang Kai-shek opposed the zoning occupation of Japan, gave up the war reparations, opposed the demise of the emperor, and more than 2 million soldiers and civilians were sent to Japan immediately.Japan has left more than 2 million troops and Japanese overseas Chinese in the Chinese theater. In addition to acquitting all more than 200 war criminals including Okamura Yasuji, the Chinese government also quickly repatriated Japanese military and civilians in China. According to statistics, a total of 2711,951 people were deported, including 1231,251 soldiers and 1480,700 civilians.

During the repatriation process, Japanese officers and soldiers and expatriates are allowed to carry a toilet, a blanket, three sets of winter clothes, a coat, three pairs of leather boots, three pairs of shorts, three shirts, a handbag, and a handbag. In addition, expatriates can bring 1,000 yen, officers can bring 500 yen, and soldiers can bring 200 yen in cash. "Compared with other people returning to Japan from Southeast Asia, those returning to Japan from China have too much luggage," this is what Okamura Yasuji admitted in his memoir. National Government also has arrangements for food supply. It is estimated that more than 1.282 million bags of grain provided to Japanese prisoners and overseas Chinese within three months. If calculated based on 8,000 yuan per bag at that time, a total of 10.2574 billion yuan is required. In order to quickly repatriate Japanese military and civilians in China, the National Government allocated 80% of ships and 70%-80% of trains, resulting in the impact of domestic emergency transportation activities.

However, although the Japanese government has signed the "Auspension" and accepted the request for unconditional surrender, in fact, the official end of the war between the United States and 47 countries and Japan was not until the entry into force of the San Francisco Peace Treaty on April 28, 1952. Among them, the disputed issue of China's representation, the Republic of China, which has moved to Taiwan, signed the " China-Japan Peace Treaty " on the same day that the San Francisco Peace Treaty came into effect. The Soviet Union refused to sign the San Francisco Peace Treaty due to the territorial ownership of the Southern Kuril Islands. After many negotiations, it signed the Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration with Japan in 1956, and the two countries officially responded to the peaceful relations. The People's Republic of China was limited by the fact that it was generally not recognized by the international community at that time, so it was not until 1972 that China and Japan had resumed normal diplomatic relations.

In addition, until 1946, there were still Japanese troops in remote areas of Asia and the Pacific that insisted on continuing to fight but were unwilling to surrender. Later, some Japanese troops on some small Pacific islands still insisted on guerrilla resistance and refused to surrender. Some of them believed that the news of the surrender was an enemy propaganda behavior or insisted on continuing to carry out the previously issued tasks. In addition, some people had never heard of the news of the Japanese surrender.

For example, in 1972, , Guam , which continued guerrilla resistance in , Guam , was discovered, and in 1974, Hiroshiro Onoda and Hiroshiro , which continued to execute combat orders in the Philippines and Indonesia, were discovered and sent back to Japan and Taiwan respectively. Since there were still troops who had not been repatriated to Japan for many years after the end of World War II, the Japanese government often "regained reputation" by praising combat experience and awarding medals. In addition, some Japanese troops were involved in military conflicts such as the Indonesian War of Independence or the French-Vietnam War after the end of World War II. Two Japanese soldiers even chose to join the communist guerrillas and fought in southern Thailand until they were discovered in 1991.

During the Allied Rule

After the two sides officially signed the "Subjugation Document" on the battleship Missouri on September 2, the US government approved the "US Initial Post-Surrender Policy for Japan" as the guiding principle for the military occupation of Japan by the Allied Powers. However, US President Truman still said before this: "The war has not officially ended, and we have not announced the cessation of all hostilities." In fact, the so-called military occupation of Japan by the Allied Powers was almost dominated by the US military, and Douglas MacArthur served as the commander-in-chief of the Allied Powers in Japan. Among them, the United States believes that one of the priority items during the Allied occupation was to draft a new constitution, and to disband the emperor's "rule" structure established by Japan in the past since January 3, 1868.

1946, the Constitution of Japan, which was mainly composed of " Potsdam Announcement " was officially announced; and with the assistance of the United States, it also constructed a new Japanese government in accordance with this constitution to replace the Great Japanese Empire that had been ruled for 77 years in the past. But although the previous Emperor Showa issued the "Declaration on the World" in response to the request of the United States, the statement denies the emperor's identity as a manifested human god and is only a symbol of Japan's country. However, in order not to touch on Japan's own national dignity issue, the newly formulated "Japan Constitution" still gives the emperor his work responsibilities in the administrative organization.

In addition, the Allied forces have also begun to investigate the Japanese war crimes, including the Nanjing Massacre, human biological weapons tests, labor or abuse of prisoners of war, and comfort women. But many Japanese people are worried that the emperor may face trials against war crimes, and may even cancel the status of the Japanese emperor tradition as advocated by the US government. However, after General MacArthur met with the Japanese Emperor Hirohito at the end of September 1945, Hirohito expressed his willingness to bear the crime that led to the outbreak of World War II, but the proposal to punish the Emperor was rejected by the Allies.

Since January 19, 1946, Far East International Military Tribunal began prosecution procedures for war crimes. On April 29, it was announced that it would file a complaint against important Japanese military commanders and senior government leaders for war crimes, and the verdict was executed on November 12 after being tried by a judge. These include former Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, Chinese Expeditionary Force Chief of Staff Itagaki Seishiro Commander of the Front Army in Myanmar, Hirotaro Kimura, Japanese Army Staff Headquarters Staff Officer Kenji Ohira, former Japanese Prime Minister Hirota Hirota, Central China Front Commander Matsui Ishione and Chief of Staff Akira Muto and others were sentenced to death, and 16 others were sentenced to life imprisonment by the Far East International Military Tribunal, but most of the latter were released on parole after Japan regained its sovereignty in 1952. In 1978, 14 war criminals identified as Class A war criminals by the Far East International Military Tribunal were allowed to be worshipped in the Yasukuni Shrine, which often led to fierce political controversy later worshipping the Yasukuni Shrine.

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