Today is September 18. 91 years ago, the Japanese Kwantung Army itself blew up the South Manchurian Railway (built by Tsarist Russia and later occupied by Japan) rails near Liutiao Lake in Shenyang, framed the Chinese army, and used this as an excuse to bombard Shenyang Northeast Army and invade our Shenyang City. This is the humiliating "September 18 Incident". After the incident broke out, Chiang Kai-shek adopted a negative and wrong "non-resistance policy" against the Japanese invaders' aggression, and placed his hopes on the mediation of European and American countries, resulting in the Japanese Kwantung Army, which had less than 20,000 yuan, quickly occupied most of the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. Many Northeast Army and civilian armed forces formed the Anti-Japanese Volunteers to resist the invaders, but because the Anti-Japanese Volunteers did not receive government support, it was difficult in terms of weapons, equipment, military training and logistics. The Anti-Japanese Volunteers suffered setbacks and most of them were separated. In a critical moment, the Communist Party took on the burden of resisting foreign humiliation. The central government sent Yang Jingyu, Zhou Baozhong, Zhao Shangzhi and others to Nanman to preside over the anti-Japanese work in Northeast.
Mengjiang County before Jilin was renamed Jingyu County because of the national hero Yang Jingyu
Yang Jingyu's original name was Ma Shangde, whose courtesy name was Jisheng. He was born in February 1905 in a farmer family in Liwan Village, Queshan County, Henan Province (now Yicheng District, Zhumadian City). The name "Yang Jingyu" was renamed when he went to Jilin in 1932 to replace his comrade-in-arms . Because Yang Diankun had a high prestige in the anti-Japanese team, Ma Shangde took over his job after being injured. In order not to affect the morale of the anti-Japanese team, he changed his name to Yang Jingyu. Yang Jingyu has secretly joined the revolutionary team since 1923. During the Agrarian Revolution, Yang Jingyu once established the first revolutionary armed forces in Henan Province - Queshan County Peasant Revolutionary Army (later organized into the Southern Henan Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army). By 1929, Yang Jingyu had become a capable general of Chairman Liu Shaoqi. In August, he was sent to Fushun, Northeast China with the pseudonym Zhang Guanyi, serving as the secretary of the special branch of the Communist Party of China Fushun, leading the workers of the Western Open Pit Coal Mine to fight wits and courage with the Japanese invaders.
In November 1932, Yang Jingyu was sent to Nanman to integrate the party organizations, anti-Japanese guerrillas and volunteer troops in each county, and formed the 32nd Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army's South Manchuria guerrillas and the 37th Army's Hailong Guerrillas. In the autumn of 1933, according to the instructions of the Party Central Committee to establish the anti-Japanese national united front, based on the South Manchurian guerrillas and the Hailong guerrillas, the Northeast Army jointly established the Independent Division of the First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, and Yang Jingyu served as the division commander and political commissar. In February 1934, the Independent Division of the 1st Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army and 16 anti-Japanese armed forces in the South Manchuria held a meeting and established the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army General Command, and Yang Jingyu was elected as commander-in-chief. In August 1935, based on the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, Anti-Japanese United Army and guerrillas, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces was established in conjunction with other civil anti-Japanese armed forces. The Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces was established in , known as the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. The Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces established 8 armies, and Yang Jingyu served as the commander and political commissar of the First Army of the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces. In June 1936, the First and Second Armies of the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces were combined into the First Route Army of the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, and Yang Jingyu served as commander-in-chief and political commissar.
Anti-Japanese national hero General Yang Jingyu
Yang Jingyu used mobile and flexible guerrilla tactics and relied on the masses to lead the troops to active on both sides of the Shenhai Railway East and West, Meihekou to Ji'an Highway, and continuously carried out a series of battles such as the "breakout" of Tonghua Quliuchuan, Linjiang Sanchazi, Jinchuan Dahuanggou, and Liuhe, eliminating the great traitors such as Shao Benliang and severely attacking the arrogance of the Japanese army. The anti-Japanese guerrilla bases also expanded rapidly. In 1938, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called Yang Jingyu to be a "model 2" who has been fighting against the enemy in ice and snow for more than 7 years. The number of people in the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army was at its highest level, with more than 10,000 people.
The expansion of the Anti-Japanese United Army posed a great threat to the Japanese colonial rule. The Japanese army carried out crazy revenge on the Anti-Japanese United Army, not only frequently storming the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces led by Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi and others, but also implemented the cruel "Three Lights Policy" in eastern Jilin, and slaughtered 100,000 Jilin people in one year. Since the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces did not have the support of the National Government, no military organization, and no rear, all issues such as soldiers and supplies could only rely on the people.The Japanese massacred a large number of ordinary people, and the rest were concentrated and isolated with barbed wire, watchtowers, and high walls and trenches, which made the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces lose the mass base on which they depend for survival. The soldiers and officers and soldiers of the Anti-Japanese United Nations could only eat wild vegetables and tree bark in the cold snowfield to fight against the Japanese devils. More anti-Japanese United Nations soldiers were frozen, starved and sick than those who died of battle.
Statue of General Yang Jingyu, the national hero,
When the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, there were only about 6,000 people left in the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces. Even in such a difficult environment, Yang Jingyu and others still led the anti-Japanese warriors to carry out two Western expeditions, trying to get in touch with the Red Army within the pass. He also achieved good results, attacking the Japanese trains in Huangtugang; killing more than 30 Japanese soldiers in the battles of Shuangshanzi and Siping Street in Kuandian County; and killing more than 50 Japanese soldiers in the battle of Alkain Gauge in Benxi County. It effectively restrained the Japanese army's troops and supported the War of Resistance Against Japan within the pass.
1938, the living environment of the Anti-Japanese United Nations League became increasingly difficult, with great casualties in the unit and extremely cold weather. Some people with unstable wills were coerced by the Japanese and puppet troops and surrendered to the enemy. In July 1938, Yang Jingyu's most trusted subordinate, former commander of the First Division of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, , Cheng Bin, led 115 people from his troops to treason and surrender to the enemy. These include machine gun shooter Zhang Xiruo , deputy shooter Bai Wanren, and ammunition player Wang Zuohua. The Japanese army formed a part of them into the "Cheng Bin Advance Team". It was Cheng Bin who led the "advance into the team" and forced Yang Jingyu, whom he trained, into a desperate situation.
Cheng Bin has been with Yang Jingyu since he was a child. He knows Yang Jingyu very well and often can tell the general whereabouts of Yang Jingyu by guessing. Without meeting the two sides, you can tell if there is Yang Jingyu in the other party’s camp as soon as you hear the gunshot. After Cheng Bin surrendered, the first thing he did was to lead the Japanese and puppet troops and destroy the life supply line of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces - secret camp . The secret camp is a secret campground of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces in the deep mountains and forests, storing food, cloth, guns, medicines and other materials to survive. This is Yang Jingyu's unique creation and an important reason why the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces alone fought against the Japanese invaders for 14 years. The fierce Cheng Bin destroyed more than 70 secret camps in Mengjiang County, Jilin, causing Yang Jingyu's anti-Japanese coalition to be exhausted overnight.
General Yang Jingyu Memorial Hall
After destroying the secret camp of the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, this shameless traitor led the Japanese and puppet troops to chase General Yang Jingyu day and night. In the winter of 1939, in order to preserve the anti-Japanese forces, Yang Jingyu commanded the troops to pieces and disperse guerrillas, and led his guard brigade to fight in the Mengjiang area. But at this moment, the guard platoon leader of Yang Jingyu, who was treated like a son, also rebelled against the enemy with 4 confidential documents, large and small guns on February 1, 1940. The Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces funded 9,960 yuan to rebel and surrendered to the enemy. Zhang Xiufeng's rebellion was fatal, and it immediately surrounded Yang Jingyu's camp. Zhang Xiufeng was an orphan who had been taciturn since childhood. When he grew up, he joined the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces and was fortunate to become the guard platoon leader of General Yang Jingyu. Yang Jingyu once said to him: " You are an orphan, without parents, and I have no children, you are the same as my son. " General Yang Jingyu taught him to read and read, and gave him the treasured harmonica to Zhang Xiufeng. Zhang Xiufeng couldn't put down this harmonica and took it out and played with it when he had nothing to do.
Yang Jingyu finally dealt with the Japanese and puppet troops for more than half a month, and he had never eaten a grain of food for several days. The military uniform that he had been wearing for many years was already ripped by thorns, and after tugging in the snow, he had frozen into ice armor. When I was too hungry, I could only use the bark and cotton torn off my clothes to fill my hunger. General Yang Jingyu encouraged everyone: " Revolution is like a pile of fires. It looks very small, but it can burn the sky red and illuminate the night. Revolution, no matter how difficult it is, it will always win! "
Jingyu County, which General Yang Jingyu fought,
1940 On the morning of February 22, 1940, Yang Jingyu met four villagers chopping wood on the mountain five miles west of Baoan Village, Bianjiang County.They were actually the platoon leader of the puppet army, Zhao Tingxi, and villagers Sun Changchun, Xin Shunli, and Chi Deshun entered the mountain to investigate the news. Yang Jingyu, who had not eaten a grain of food for several days, begged them to go back and bring some food and cotton shoes, and promised to give more money. The fake platoon leader Zhao Tingxi also hypocritically advised him: " I think you should surrender. Now Manchukuo will not behead the surrendered people. " Yang Jingyu said righteously: " I am a Chinese, and I can't do such a thing. If all Chinese surrender, our China will be over. We must be worthy of our conscience. " Zhao Tingxi agreed to go back and get him some food, but on the way he reported General Yang Jingyu's whereabouts to the hardcore traitor Li Zhengxin.
Li Zhengxin immediately reported to the Japanese police officer Sashiya of the pseudo-Mengjiang County Police Headquarters. Upon hearing the news, Takaichiro Kishitani, the police director of the puppet Tonghua Province, immediately asked Nishitani and Zhao Tingxi to lead a large number of Japanese and puppet troops to "surround" Yang Jingyu. Zhang Xiruo, Bai Wanren and Wang Zuohua, who were recovering from injuries in Mengjiang County at that time, also participated in the "round-up" of General Yang Jingyu. On the afternoon of February 23, the Japanese and puppet troops found the exhausted General Yang Jingyu in , Sandaoweizi, Bijiang, Jilin. The Japanese army kept persuading him to surrender, and General Yang Jingyu kept firing with his pistols to respond to the Japanese and puppet troops. Seeing that the persuasion of surrender was invalid, Kishitani Takaichiro issued an order to "take action" to Zhang Xiruo. Zhang Xiruo immediately pulled the machine gun trigger, and Yang Jingyu fell on the snow in front of a big tree and died heroically. He was only 35 years old! The next day, Cheng Bin received an order to send General Yang Jingyu's head to "Xinjing" (Changchun City). Cheng Bin named Zhang Xi several times. So, Wang Zuohua and Zhang Xiruo carried Yang Jingyu's body onto the guillotine, and Bai Wanren choked off the hero's head.
After General Yang Jingyu sacrificed his life for the country, the Japanese invaders dissected his body and found that his stomach had long been hungry and deformed. There was no grain in it except for the undigested grass roots and cotton wool! The heroes were bleeding, showing the nation's unyielding spirit, and even the brutal invaders were shocked and impressed. Takaichiro Nagakitani, who participated in the "encirclement and suppression" that year, had to admit: "Although is an enemy, I sighed for his heroism: A great hero! " and specially held a "Soul Consolation Festival" for Yang Jingyu.
Harbin Sun Island Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces Group Charm
Because of the "contribution" of killing General Yang Jingyu, it was not established by the Japanese. In addition, General Yang Jingyu has a very high prestige among the people in the Northeast. Therefore, the invaders recorded General Yang Jingyu's last moment quite vaguely, and in all the records, they were mentioned in words such as "shooting" and "hit". It is this vague record that covers up the truth for the real murderers who killed General Yang Jingyu, allowing these murderers and traitors to take advantage of the law, escape from the punishment they deserve. And the statement that General Yang Jingyu "Has only the last bullet left in , and he committed suicide " once occupied the mainstream media and lasted for decades. Even a rigorous and authoritative institution like the Chinese Military Museum was exhibited on the verge of committing suicide for a long time.
The statement about General Yang Jingyu's "slaying suicide" was first from the mouth of Lin Changgui, a farmer who chopped wood in Baoan Village. When the Japanese and puppet troops were besieging Yang Jingyu, Lin Changgui happened to chop wood under the three wolves of the bongjiang in a small sled. After General Yang Jingyu died, the Japanese and puppet army asked Lin Changgui to pull Yang Jingyu down the mountain with a small sled. It was not until he encountered a military vehicle that he was transferred to the car and pulled back to the county town. Although Lin Changgui did not see the first scene up close, he had contacted the traitors at that time and knew some of the real situation. After liberation, Major General Zhang Xuesi came to Jingyu County to comfort the people in the old district. Village Chief Liu Chengxiang told him about the process of protecting Yang Jingyu's body. Lin Changgui also regarded the hearsay and the "suicide theory" he had thought of as his experience on the scene, and told it to Zhang Xuesi and the reporters, so the "suicide theory" spread in society.
The secret camp of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces
It was not until the late 1970s that with the discovery of the Japanese and puppet data in the Northeast, the real reason for General Yang Jingyu's death gradually became clear.In the "Diary in the Formation", we use the scene pictures taken by the Japanese army to tell people that Yang Jingyu did not "destroy suicide", but was shot by the enemy with a machine gun.
The first person to be punished among the traitors and murderers who killed General Yang Jingyu was the puppet army platoon leader Zhao Tingxi. In 1946, Zhao Tingxi was shot dead by the People's Government in Jingyu County (formerly Mengjiang County) in Baishan City.
The evil among the traitors Cheng Bin later followed his master Kishigura Ichiro to Rehe , Shanxi continue to commit evil. In 1945, on the eve of Japan's defeat, Takaichiro Kishitani, the pseudo-Shanxi vice governor, poisoned his whole family with potassium cyanide and committed suicide. Cheng Bin took the opportunity to kill several more important surrendered Japanese soldiers. He later changed his name to Chen Ziping, and mixed into the North China Field Army in an open manner and became the commander. In 1951, Chen Ziping, who was already the deputy section chief of the North China Ordnance Department, was reported by Liu Qichang, who was a traitor with him, and the cunning traitor was caught. In the same year, Cheng Bin and Liu Qichang were shot together.
Shenyang September 18th History Museum
Regrettably, Zhang Xiruo and Zhang Xiufeng were not punished for lacking conclusive evidence and passing the " prosecution period ". Zhang Xiruo was always afraid that someone would expose the crime, so in 1951, he decided to attack and defensive alliance with Wang Zuohua in : insisting that "General Yang Jingyu committed suicide." If someone exposes it and let Wang Zuohua bear the crime alone, Zhang Xiruo takes care of Wang Zuohua's mother. Soon Wang Zuohua was imprisoned, and he always insisted that "Yang Jingyu committed suicide." Zhang Xiruo gave money and firewood to Wang Zuohua's mother, moved and hid. In 1958, Bai Wanren was imprisoned. Wang Zuohua and he only realized that he was cheated after meeting him in a labor reform farm. In 1965, Wang Zuohua exposed Zhang Xiruo as the murderer who killed Yang Jingyu in prison, but the "prosecution period" had passed. Zhang Xiruo only stayed in prison for two years and finally left it alone. In 1984, a reporter from Jilin Daily interviewed Zhang Xiruo. He had a gloomy face and refused to admit that he had participated in the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces and had never beaten "Old Yang" to death.
, and Zhang Xiufeng was also exempted from punishment because he had passed the "prosecution period". In 1983, a reporter also interviewed him, and he admitted that it was Zhang Xiruo who shot General Yang Jingyu with a machine gun.
Shenyang September 18th History Museum
After the founding of New China, Commander-in-Chief Zhu wrote the inscription " People's Heroes " for General Yang Jingyu!
On February 23, 1958, on the 18th anniversary of Yang Jingyu's death, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting of the burial of Yang Jingyu in the Jingyu Cemetery of Tonghua Province. Kang Sheng, a representative of the CPC Central Committee, delivered an eulogy. On behalf of the Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China, General Deng Hua introduced the hard work of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army and General Yang Jingyu. Li Youwen, Secretary of the Jilin Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and Governor of the Communist Party of China, Yu Tianfang, Deputy Secretary of the Heilongjiang Provincial Committee, and Vice Governor Xing Zhaotang of Henan Province delivered speeches at the meeting. General Yang Jingyu's old comrade-in-arms Yin Junshan, on behalf of the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, commemorated General Jingyu's heroic achievements and combat history in love. The general's son Ma Qingyun spoke at the meeting on behalf of the relatives of the martyrs. More than 9,000 representatives from all walks of life across the country attended the burial meeting.
1958, in late August, Yang Jingyu's remains were moved from Jingyu County to Tonghua City. On September 25, the party, government, military and civilians of Heilongjiang Province and Harbin held a grand meeting to greet General Yang Jingyu's remains in the auditorium of the Northeast Memorial Hall. The Party, Government, Military and Civilians of Tonghua City held a grand ceremony for the return of the general's head at Xintonghua Railway Station. General Yang Jingyu's body was shaped with gypsum, connected with the remains, covered with five-star red flag, buried in black lacquer coffin, covered with black velvet, and placed in the middle of the arched garden at the back of the mourning hall. General Yang Jingyu was the only revolutionary martyr who enjoyed the funeral of the Politburo members and marshals since the founding of New China.
In 2009, Yang Jingyu was named one of the "100 heroes and models who have made outstanding contributions to the founding of New China". On September 1, 2014, it was included in the first 300 famous anti-Japanese heroes and hero groups announced by the Ministry of Civil Affairs
Today, although the smoke of the September 18th Incident has long dissipated, the history of the predecessors of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces such as Yang Jingyu, who had made his blood in the history of the predecessors of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, should always be remembered.The revolutionary spirit of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces' self-improvement and perseverance of perseverance is always one of the most precious spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation!
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-