In 1950, the Central Committee held a military meeting, and important figures such as Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, and Lin Biao were all present.
This meeting mainly discusses one issue, that is, the resistance to U.S. aggression and aid Korea as Chairman Mao envisioned.
At that time, the United States had already burned the war to the side of Yalu River . We and North Korea were cold, so we had to send troops now. However, at this critical moment, which troops can go to North Korea to fight?
replaced the last battle
Premier Zhou proposed that it would be better to let the 13th Corps of Fourth Field be the vanguard. The 13th Corps has been stationed in the border area for a long time and is more adaptable to North Korea's environment. In addition, the 13th Corps has always been brave and good at fighting, which is also recognized by everyone.
Lin Biao agreed with Premier Zhou's opinion, but he also proposed: If the 13th Corps is allowed to go, then the generals must be changed, and the commander of the 15th Corps Deng Hua leads the 13th Corps to North Korea to fight.
This opinion sounds a bit strange, because the commander of the 13th Corps was originally General Huang Yongsheng.
Huang Yongsheng has been leading the 13th Corps to fight for a long time. Theoretically, Huang Yongsheng will be more skilled in commanding the 13th Corps and will be more beneficial to the battle.
Huang Yongsheng
Replacement of generals in the last battle has always been a taboo in the art of war. Why did Lin Biao propose to replace people at such a critical moment?
As an excellent military strategist, Lin Biao certainly would not make such suggestions for no reason.
He is the leader of the Fourth Field Army. He knows Huang Yongsheng and Deng Hua very well.
He knew that compared to Huang Yongsheng, Deng Hua could implement national decisions more perfectly.
This does not mean that Huang Yongsheng is not good, but that he is not suitable for Deng Hua.
Huang Yongsheng is undoubtedly an excellent leader. He has joined the team since Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927. He was able to become the commander of the 13th Corps, which was achieved step by step.
Huang Yongsheng
Moreover, he is best at fighting fierce battles and tough battles. He is not afraid of hardship or fatigue when facing the enemy, nor is he afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice. He is also very good at leading troops. No matter how naughty the warrior is, he is convinced when facing Commander Huang.
Just based on these conditions, Huang Yongsheng is not unable to go to North Korea.
However, there was one thing that made Lin Biao worry about Huang Yongsheng's ability.
That was before liberation, during the Battle of Ji'an, under the command of Lin Biao, Huang Yongsheng led his troops to surround the reorganized 84th legion of the Kuomintang.
According to Lin Biao's idea, this should be a beautiful annihilation battle, and our army has a huge advantage.
But at this time, Huang Yongsheng hesitated instead.
Once, the troops did not issue clear orders; secondly, Huang Yongsheng also lacked judgment on the strength of both sides.
So, he chose to fight steadily, and as a result, this gave the enemy a chance to breathe. An expected annihilation battle turned into a defeat war. Although
also won the final victory and did not affect the overall situation, it is obvious that Huang Yongsheng's wrong judgment preserved the enemy's vitality and also added difficulties to the subsequent strategic deployment.
This incident made Lin Biao very angry. Lin Biao has actually always been very optimistic about Huang Yongsheng. However, this incident exposed that Huang Yongsheng was not flexible enough on the battlefield and relied too much on the early strategic deployment, so he could not make any decisions immediately at critical moments.
If you are lucky enough not to be exposed in the battle, it is all optional, but once it is exposed, it is possible to drag the entire army into the quagmire.
The battlefield of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea is too dangerous. A small mistake may ruin the country's layout. In this case, we cannot take risks.
plus Huang Yongsheng's personality is also quite straightforward. Not long ago, Huang Yongsheng was criticized by his superiors for violating regulations to dance on the playground for dancing with electric lights, which made his image lose another point in Lin Biao's heart.
Combining these factors, Lin Biao believes that although Huang Yongsheng is an excellent general, he may not be able to adapt to the battlefield of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea.
, Deng Hua and Huang Yongsheng are different. Although they are at the same level in terms of positions, Deng Hua is obviously better in terms of talent in leading troops to fight.
Deng Hua
One general is hard to find
When fighting Square-level battle , Deng Hua did something that left a deep impression on Lin Biao.
At that time, Lin Biao judged that with the enemy's combat effectiveness, we could win by sending two columns, the first column and the seventh column.
The Seventh Column was led by Deng Hua. After receiving the task, he did not immediately execute the order, but instead made some serious thoughts and conducted field investigations on the front line.
Finally, he concluded that two columns are far from enough. To win, one more column needs to be sent to fight on the third line, surround heavily, and concentrate the greatest advantage.
Soon, Deng Hua reported his opinions to Lin Biao.
Deng Hua
At first, Lin Biao did not pay attention to Deng Hua's opinions, thinking that his judgment was not a problem, but soon, the situation of the war made Lin Biao realize that Deng Hua's report was reasonable and well-founded.
The enemy's combat power is stronger than expected. The two columns fought hard and it is difficult to completely annihilate the enemy.
The result of the Siping Battle was not ideal. Our army fought tenaciously for 14 days, but it still failed in the end.
Lin Biao is of course very sad, but at the same time, he also has more appreciation for Deng Hua. Lin Biao carefully looked through the report submitted by Deng Hua at the beginning and became increasingly affirmed of Deng Hua's military capabilities. He also believed that as long as it is cultivated, Deng Hua will become a dazzling general.
It is easy to get a thousand gold, but it is hard to find a general.
Although my country was in the founding of New China, the abilities of these generals were still uneven, and not many people like Deng Hua had advanced strategic vision.
Therefore, Lin Biao attached great importance to Deng Hua as a talent. When the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea was about to begin, Lin Biao was the first to think of Deng Hua.
The War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea is so important to us. This is a battle to establish a country. Once we lose and let the United States advance straight, the revolutionary achievements we have worked hard will be wasted.
is precisely because of its importance that we must send the best generals over. Based on this consideration, Lin Biao decided to replace the generals at the last minute. His fundamental starting point is for national interests.
Lin Biao elaborated on the difference between Deng Hua and Huang Yongsheng in detail to Premier Zhou. After Premier Zhou considered it, he believed that Lin Biao's suggestions were feasible.
In this way, Deng Hua became the new commander of the 13th Corps and led the 13th Corps into North Korea to fight as soon as possible.
Facts have proved that Lin Biao's decision to change the general in the last battle was correct.
Because, long before receiving the order to enter North Korea, Deng Hua took the lead in predicting the next strategic trends of the Americans.
When the United States first launched troops against North Korea, Deng Hua had already begun to pay attention to the situation on the Korean Peninsula. At that time, there was still debate in China on this issue.
Some people believe that there must be a war between us and the United States and we must be more vigilant.
, while another group of people believe that the United States dares not easily put China on the battlefield, so there is no need to pay too much attention.
Deng Hua
Deng Hua obviously supports the former. He understands the strategic significance of North Korea and understands that China, as a neighbor of North Korea, cannot be spared in the war ignited by the United States.
So, at this moment, what we need to care about is not the fate of North Korea, but our own destiny.
Deng Hua conducted his own analysis on a series of military operations by the US military.
In July 1950, Deng Hua submitted a report to Zhongnanhai , which pointed out that
The US military is likely to carry out a trinity landing operation in the middle and middle coasts of North Korea.
On August 31, Deng Hua clearly pointed out at the Corps Party Committee meeting that the US military may log in in the area around Pyongyang or Seoul .
At that time, most people didn’t believe what Deng Hua said. How could the movements of the US military be predicted by others?
But Deng Hua is by no means talking nonsense. He carefully analyzed the terrain of the Korean Peninsula, the recent military trends, military deployment, the past combat experience of the US military, and his past experience in commanding troops. He comprehensively analyzed a conclusion.
Not long after, Deng Hua's idea was verified, and the US military indeed carried out a large-scale Incheon login to .
Incheon landing shocked the entire Asia. The speed of the US military's movement caught North Korea off guard. The front line was gradually advanced, and even our northeastern border was invaded.
It is precisely because the situation is unfavorable that our country urgently made the decision to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea.
Originally, before Incheon landed, my country still had controversy over whether to resist the U.S. aid Korea, but at this time the actions of the US military told us that if we do not take action, we will become the next North Korea.
Defend the country
Deng Hua's outstanding strategic vision determines that he can become an excellent commander on the Korean battlefield. Before leading the army into North Korea, Deng Hua submitted another report to the central government.
In this report, Deng Hua demanded strengthening of troops.
At that time, our country was originally scheduled to send two armies and two artillery divisions to North Korea first.
But based on previous observations, Deng Hua believes that the firepower of the US military is far beyond our imagination, so four armies and three artillery divisions should be allowed to travel to North Korea together. Only such large-scale troops can resist the attack of the US military.
After receiving Deng Hua's report, Chairman Mao believed that the decision of the front-line commander should be respected in this matter, so Chairman Mao decided to agree to transfer all the troops along the line to North Korea.
After coming to North Korea, Deng Hua and Peng Dehuai became a pair of partners who cooperated tacitly. Because Deng Hua's judgment of the battle situation is very accurate, Peng Dehuai often jokes to people: "If you don't listen to Deng Hua's words, you will suffer a loss."
In 1952, after Peng Dehuai returned to China, Deng Hua began to take over Peng Dehuai's mission and became the main commander on the Korean battlefield. It was also in 1952 that the shocking Shangganling Battle broke out.
The scale of the Shangganling Battle is unprecedented, and both sides hope to take this battle as a turning point, especially the United States.
After two years of fighting, Americans realize that they are getting further and further away from their original strategic goals. Therefore, they urgently need to regain the advantage in their own hands through the battle of Shangganling .
To achieve this goal, the United States sent an unprecedented army, with the army on the ground densely packed, and there was no sight at all. The bomber in the sky was constantly changing, so that the hills in Shangganling were razed to the ground.
The US military has a huge firepower advantage. In contrast, the Volunteer Army has a serious shortage of firepower. Our logistics line has been damaged by the US military for many years, and the air force is almost zero.
If you fight the United States head-on in this situation, everyone thinks that China will definitely lose, but Deng Hua came up with a solution, which is to take advantage of the advantages of tunnels to fight .
Tunnel warfare is a very great invention of our army. The tunnel can be regarded as an improved and upgraded version of the trenches. It can not only withstand the bombardment of the US military, but also become a place of life. It is not a problem for soldiers to eat and sleep inside.
The most important thing is that the tunnel can greatly reduce the enemy's frontal attack power, give full play to our army's advantages, and hoard materials to a certain extent, preventing our army from falling into a situation where ammunition and food are exhausted.
Deng Hua used tunnels to shorten the gap in hard conditions between our army and the US army. The US military was very confident and thought that the battle could end within a few days, but unexpectedly, the Battle of Shangganling pushed the US military a big step towards the edge of the failed cliff.
In the late stage of the Shangganling Battle, the US military realized that they were going to become losers again. At this time, the US military decided to conduct the second Incheon landing.
In fact, to be precise, the second Incheon landing in the US military planned is a skeptical strategy.
They sent sea, land and air forces to harass the east and west coasts, and acted as if they wanted to land on a large scale. They hoped that this trick would allow our army to strengthen its deployment on the coastline and disperse the troops in Shangganling.
Of course, the US military has also made a concept: once Shangganling fails, it will actually log in. However, all the above ideas failed in front of Deng Hua.
Deng Hua was able to successfully predict that the US military landed in Incheon, and this time, he could naturally grasp the US military's ideas.
Advanced
Before the Battle of Shangganling, Deng Hua had already made strict deployments on East Coast to prevent the US military.
Although the strength of the coastline is far less than that of Shangganling, it is still far enough to be wary of the US military's small actions.
This made the United States lose the initiative, and their every move was exposed to the sight of our army.
When the US military made great efforts to declare that it would log in, Deng Hua keenly judged that this was just a scam by the Americans.
Because of the previous lessons from the Incheon landing, in the face of such actions of the US military, there is inevitably a sense of panic within our army. Many people suggested strengthening their troops, while Deng Hua withstands the pressure, remained motionless, and continued to concentrate his superior troops on Shangganling.
Deng Hua pointed out that as long as the battle in Shangganling ends, the so-called second Incheon landing will be destroyed without any attack. The result of the
battle once again proved that what Deng Hua said was right. After our army won the Shangganling victory, the US Navy, which once showed off its might, also ceased.
But this does not mean that the crisis has been lifted, because it is obvious that the United States has a second plan.
The failure of the Shangganling Battle will put the United States in a more crazy situation. They are likely to launch a sneak attack on the West Coast. If they are allowed to succeed, the second Incheon landing will become a reality.
However, when Deng Hua returned to Beijing to give a report in December 1952, he had already discussed this issue with Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao pointed out:
"We should start from the judgment that the enemy must land on the west coast, strengthen preparations, resolutely block the enemy's landing, and never allow the enemy to land on the west coast."
Finally, in accordance with Chairman Mao's instructions, Deng Hua personally went to the west coast for military command, and built a solid line of defense on the coastline like the Great Wall of .
At the same time, our army has been resolutely fighting the US military on the frontal battlefield, and taking a two-pronged approach, which finally gave up the idea of struggling.
953, the two sides began negotiations on the armistice. On July 27, the two sides officially signed the armistice agreement.
The Americans' plan to occupy North Korea and invade Asia was completely shattered. The New China won the arduous battle, which also brought decades of peace to future generations.
Resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea has great historical significance. The victory of this battle cannot be separated from Deng Hua's excellent command. Deng Hua can be said to have participated in the War to Resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea throughout the whole process. This battle was the most brilliant achievement in his life.
However, because Deng Hua is a low-key person, and after returning to China, he left the troops and went to work in the local area, many people now mention the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, and they can no longer remember the role Deng Hua played in it.
What Deng Hua himself wants is to defend his country, not to leave his name in history, but as future generations, we should not forget it.
When we talk about resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, we should also remember the name Deng Hua.
Reference:
Zhang Dongyue "General Deng Hua in Resisting U.S. Aggression and Aiding Korea"
Lu Ping "Insider of the Volunteer Army Resisting U.S. Aiding Korea"
Sun Jingyue "Remembering U.S. Aiding Korea"
Sun Jingyue "Remembering U.S. Aiding Korea"
