Improve the leadership organization
After the establishment of the Southeast Manchurian Military Region Command, Gu Guangshan, Song Jianhua, Duan Pinsan and others who continued to come formed the logistics department; Huanglong formed the Ministry of Health; the headquarters consisted of Xiao Jianfei and Yue Tianpei ; Zhou Yong and Liu Youguang formed the communication department; Yang Zhen was the intelligence department; Qiu Guoguang was the management office, and a motor team was under it. The headquarters has gradually improved.
At the end of November 1945, Comrade Mo Wenji was sent by the Northeast Bureau as the director of the Political Department. I prepared a house with him, organized a food unit for him, and formed a guard squad. I said, "This is what I, the Chief of Staff, should do." Comrade Mo Wenhua said: "I thank you very much. This is done by the Deputy Commander, and you, the Chief of Staff, did it." Then, the political department cadres arrived one after another, and the political department was established as soon as possible.
In early December 1945, Lin Yishan and Jianghua came to Andong one after another. I also prepared a house for the branch (provincial party committee) for them. A food unit was organized for them and a guard force was organized for them. The branch office (provincial party committee) has also been gradually established to carry out work.
In mid-December 1945, the Northeast Bureau sent Liu Lanbo and Gao Chongmin to Andong. Gao served as governor of and , and Liu served as deputy governor. I also arranged for them the residence of the provincial government, organized food units for them, and organized security forces for them. Liu Lanbo and Gao Chongmin both said to me with great gratitude: "Come first, and we have given us great support." I said: "This is the instructions of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao! From , the Red Army is the first to take care of it. This is the tradition of our army." They said: "You implement the instructions of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, and retain the glorious tradition of the Red Army, so that we feel the warmth of the Party as soon as we arrive." Gao Chongmin said with emotion: "This is a benevolent and righteous army, and it is invincible! When I was in Yan'an , Chairman Mao, Vice Chairman Zhou, and Commander-in-Chief Zhu, they were so good at the place. When we arrived in Anton, we received enthusiastic care and support from Comrade Xiao Hua and you. This is Chairman Mao's wise instructions to support the people, support the army and give priority to the family! Under the leadership of Comrade Xiao Hua, our party, government, military and civilians are united, and we will definitely be able to defeat the enemy and achieve the victory of the complete liberation of the Northeast!"
In January 1946, Luo Shunchu, Li Fuze, Zeng Kelin, Tang Kai and other troops combined into the Third Column of the Northeast Democratic Alliance; Wu Kehua, Peng Jiaqing, Ouyang Wen's troops and the newly expanded Hou Shikui troops combined into the Fourth Column of the Northeast Democratic Alliance. All are concentrated in Haicheng, Anshan , Liaoyang , Benxi . Prepare to deal with the frontal battle of the Kuomintang army in Chiang Kai-shek .
In May 1946, the Northeast Bureau decided to establish the Andong Security Column. With Hao Ruilin's pseudonym Wu Bingcheng as the commander, Lin Yishan's pseudonym Lin Yiping as the political commissar, and Shaq as the deputy commander. Although the order has arrived, it has not been established for some reason. The military region of Andong Province was changed to establish: Zhuanghe , Xinjin, Fuxian , and Gaixian were the fifth divisions, commander Zhai Yidong and political commissar Li Hui; placing Payan, Yingkou , Haicheng , Liaoyang and Qingchengzi was the first divisions, commander Ye Sheng, political commissar Yang Chunmao; placing Fenghuang City, Kuandian , horse racing game, Huanren , new race was the second divisions, commander Zhou Hui, political commissar Luo Huilan; and placing Li Hongguang detachment composed of Korean ; l3Lu Qien is the security commander of Andong City and Zhang Kui is the deputy commander and chief of staff. He is in charge of Andong City, Andong County, , a district south of Fengcheng County, and a district south of Kuandian
suppressing the remnants of the enemy and puppet riots and the Kuomintang spies used the gap in Comrade Xiao Hua to lead the agency to Benxi to command the battle, erroneously estimated the situation, delve into our internal affairs, set up a command center within our Andong City Security Command, and set up two sub-commands within our Public Security Bureau and the Automobile Team. It was decided that the riots would start at 2 a.m. on New Year's Day in 1946. I learned about this information at 6 pm on December 31, 1945. After analysis, I believed that the news of the riot conspiracy was reliable. We immediately took decisive measures:
(I) Political situation at that time
After the main force of the Japanese Kwantung Army suffered an annihilation blow from the Soviet Red Army in Manchuria, it announced that it would concentrate in big cities along the railway, waiting for the Soviet Red Army to take over.However, they disguised themselves as workers and technicians on the railway transportation roads and as farmers. The puppet Manchukuo personnel disguised themselves into the forest, waiting for the Kuomintang to take over. The Kuomintang underground organizations and spies took the opportunity to act, actively engaged in activities with Japanese fascist militarists, preparing for riots, and cooperated with the Kuomintang from air and sea to northeast. The masses were basically good to our army, but due to the reactionary propaganda of the Kuomintang, they said that they were orthodox, the Eighth Route Army was a miscellaneous brand, guerrillas, etc., the masses had a certain wait-and-see attitude towards me. There are also lower-level officers of the Soviet Red Army who did not understand the situation of "Manchuria" at that time, such as railway traffic police , Japanese, etc., and used them indiscriminately. Especially when the Japanese use of money, beauty, and softening policies, this has caused the Kuomintang underground organizations and spies to take advantage of the situation and take advantage of the situation. It constitutes the "three-in-one" of Japan, puppet and the Kuomintang, and is preparing to hold riots everywhere to welcome the Kuomintang army.
(II) The Japanese, puppet and the Kuomintang launched an riot in Andong City. I smashed it through the US imperialism transported the Kuomintang Expeditionary Force from the sea and air to Qinhuangdao and Huludao , seized the important town of western Liaoning Jinzhou , and seized the airport and advanced towards Shenyang. The Kuomintang has taken over the Northeast officials to Shenyang, and the third and fourth columns of our army have been transported from Andong City and from railway to Benxi and Liaoyang. From Andong to Zhuanghe and Pulandian, Andong to Tonghua , there are only two key points for the direct detachment control. The leadership organ of the Southeast Manchurian Military Region was ordered to transfer Benxi City to command the operation. There is only one team in Andong City that is directly affiliated with one team. In Andong City, there are actually one platoon and four classes, one class controls the commanding heights of Zhenjiangshan, and three classes serve as maneuvers. It mainly depends on the three guards and an intern staff officer I brought from Shandong. When the South Manchurian Military Region was transported away, I convened cadres of the Andong Party and political organs and held a meeting to prevent the Kuomintang underground organizations from colluding with the remnants of Japanese militarism. Taking advantage of the northward transfer of our troops, we took the opportunity to make trouble and destroy them, and issued some self-defense weapons, and stipulated key control points, buildings, etc. just in case.
I personally met with Comrade Sha Blowski, Lieutenant General of the Soviet Air Force in Xinyizhou, and told him that according to the information obtained, the Kuomintang's Anton Provincial Party Committee was mixed in the Soviet Army's headquarters in Andong City. The Soviet army sent a captain company commander as commander, and was confused by the Japanese and Kuomintang spies, and was not distinguished from good or bad. After hearing this, he went to Anton to inspect it. As expected, after Comrade Shabulovsky returned, on New Year's Day, he sent another reinforced company to the Soviet Red Army Command in Anton, surrounded the headquarters, and announced that the Red Army in Anton was driven to Xinyizhou, and the Chinese inside took away no one in the truck. After returning, he would take care of the Russian-speaking Chinese people separately and interrogate them immediately. He notified me to go to another place immediately and inform me of the interrogation situation. He suggested that these Chinese people be temporarily taken into custody, and asked a battalion of the Red Army stationed in Anton to help us crush the enemy's riots and send three companies to control several blocks of the enemy's escape.
The focus of the enemy riot is the Andong City Security Command, the Andong Provincial Public Security Bureau, and the Southeast Manchurian Military Region’s automobile team. The riot’s command headquarters is located in the Andong City Security Command. The riot time was the third day after the military region left (12 o'clock in the evening of New Year's Day). He attempted to kill Commander Lu Zhiheng and Chief of Staff, occupied the city government building, and used machine guns and to hit ten red signal flares in succession, and immediately rioted everywhere. I reported this situation while organizing a decisive and preemptive action. First, we solved the problem of the Municipal Security Command and captured the commander-in-chief, deputy commander-in-chief, chief of staff, etc. of the enemy's riot.
I took two more squads to the Provincial Public Security Bureau. The enemy was preparing for a riot. I also took the initiative and destroyed the second command center of the enemy's riot and captured the commander and deputy commander. I sent a guard squad leader Li Qingrong to bring a few comrades with a machine gun (two old soldiers in the pass and four new soldiers from worker backgrounds), and boarded the swimming truck prepared in advance, with straw bags containing soil, blocking the door of the car team. If the enemy jumped over the wall and fled, they would shoot, not letting one person run out. Two enemies wanted to jump over the wall and fled, but were beaten down.The staff officer sent a list of seven people who were going to riot and shouted: He announced that they would hand over seven people, and that they would not hurt anyone else, and hand over the long and short guns to wait for processing. After more than ten minutes of political offensive, the third command center was resolved. At the same time, the guesthouse was transferred from various places in the customs to the Northeast Bureau to assist the cadres assigned by the Northeast Bureau to defend the provincial government. The rest were temporarily assigned to various key points, especially train stations, warehouses, bedding factories, shoe factories, etc., and left after they were pacified.
After several studies, we decided to immediately send the first notice on radio broadcast after crushing the riot plan of the Kuomintang and the Japanese and puppet remnants of the forces of the remnants of the Japanese and puppets: All planners who require participating in the reactionary riots must hand over the weapons to the Andong Security Command at 7:00 a.m. on January 1, 1946. Those who surrender automatically will not be investigated and will be lenient.
At 10:00 am on January 1, the second notice was issued: All the Kuomintang spies involved in the riot have been arrested. Notice No. 3 was issued in Japanese at 12:00 on January 1: The commander-in-chief, deputy commander-in-chief, and chief of staff of the enemy riot have been captured alive by me, and the commanders of the first, second and third divisions have also been captured alive by me, calling on all participants to surrender to the city security headquarters. At 14:00 on January 1, Notice No. 4 was issued: All the rioters who fled abroad were captured alive by our army and the Soviet Red Army. Notice No. 5 was issued at 18:00 on January 1: More than 1,000 people who participated in the riots were captured alive by me and told me. They were allowed to surrender and confess at 7:00 pm that day. Otherwise, they would be punished for participating in the riots.
At 6:00 on January 2, an announcement No. 6 was issued: Phoenix City, the riots in the riots in Andong City and the riots in the riots in Phoenix City and the riots of Wulong, were also crushed by our army, and all the reactionaries who participated in the riots were captured by me. Notice No. 7 was issued at 12:00 on January 2: Our army has released some captured personnel in accordance with the policy of leniency. In the afternoon of the same day, the climax of automatic surrender was formed. After two days and three nights, the counter-revolutionary riots of the Japanese and puppet forces of the Kuomintang spies were completely shattered, and the city resumed normal activities, calming down a major turmoil.
(III) The significance and lessons of crushing the counter-revolutionary riots in Andong City
1. The victory of crushing the Kuomintang spies and Japanese and puppet remnants of the riots in Andong City is a major victory of strategic significance. Andong City is an important center of contact between my country and the Democratic Republic of Korea. If the enemy riots successfully, it will blow up the Yalu River Bridge in strategic railway traffic, which will cause temporary interruption of strategic traffic between China and North Korea. At the same time, Andong is the focus of cadres who are adjusted in the strategic area within the Guanzhong area. Here, changing out the warm clothing and self-defense weapons will be transferred to the Northeast Bureau. If Andong is lost, it will suffer a certain degree of loss in politics, economy and military. So it is one of the strategic victories.
2. Andong City and North Korea's Shinyiju are the capitals of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Circle after the Japanese imperialist fascist militarism dream occupied the entire China, the Soviet Union's Siberia , and the Southwest Pacific and Southeast Asia. This is included in the planning map of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Circle that I seized. These Japanese Kanto fascist militarists did not give up on their dream of this conspiracy. In the city and suburbs of Andong alone, more than 200,000 Japanese immigrated, and more than 500,000 people fled to Andong during the war, totaling more than 700,000 (this is the number searched and counted after the riot), which fully demonstrates that this strategic intention of Japanese fascist militarism was planned for a long time. This is also proven from the prisoner's confession.
3. Anton City, as early as when Japanese imperialism and fascist militarism occupied our northeast, it used it as the rear base of Kanto Army . After they all occupied the Northeast, they wanted to occupy all of China and Siberia in the Soviet Union, and even used Anton as a large rear base to build a series of factories for long-term preparations. There are textile factories, artificial cotton mills, quilt factories, various shoe factories, paper mills, cigarette factories, wineries, enamel factories, and flour factories, rice mills, and locomotive repairs. 1. Automobile factories, gun repair factories, aircraft repair factories, and factories in all walks of life. Judging from the construction of these factories and mining enterprises, they also have long-term strategic goals.
4. The actual goal of the Kuomintang underground provincial party committee and spies and Japanese fascist militarists launching a riot: ① After the riot is successful, control the strategic location of Andong, cooperate with ushering in the landing of the Kuomintang Expeditionary Force in Andong, and occupy this strategic location. ② If the landing fails, wait until the Kuomintang army occupy Shenyang and heads south, and cooperate with the Kuomintang to fight. ③If it is impossible, just blow up these factories and not be used by our army. ④If our army mobilizes troops to suppress it, it will be strongly cooperated with the Kuomintang to occupy the Northeast. ⑤ Finally, it can be divided into two strands, one strand to fight guerrillas north of Canyan, east and west, in order to cooperate with the Kuomintang army to occupy Andong City. Another team fought guerrillas in the mountains of Kuandian and Huanren areas in northeast Andong to cooperate with the Kuomintang army to occupy Andong City. The above goals were confirmed from the seized documents of the Kuomintang secret service riot plan, and were also recognized by the Kuomintang secret agents and Japanese militarists during the interrogation.
5, the enemy and puppet riots on January 1, 1946 were premeditated.
But some of our comrades entered the city and forgot the existence of class enemies, the existence of Japanese fascist militarists, and the public enemy still existed although I destroyed them. The Japanese devils' lieutenant generals were mixed in the municipal security headquarters to burn the boiler, the Japanese devils' major generals were mixed in the provincial public security bureau as my user staff, and the Japanese fascist militarist major generals were mixed in our auto team to act as repairmen. These key units became the command center for the joint riots of the Kuomintang spies and Japanese fascist militarism.
6. A large number of Japanese fascist militarist lieutenant generals, major generals, school officials, and lieutenants rushed to Andong City with refugees, causing prices to rise, especially the surge in main and non-staple foods. From the riots of the enemy, we found 7 Japanese fascist militarist lieutenant generals, 11 major generals, more than 130 school officials, more than 350 lieutenants and 100 soldiers. The rest of people. More than 30 machine guns, more than 1,000 long guns, and more than 300,000 bullets were seized. More than 10 fishing boats, more than 10 cars, 150,000 liters of gasoline, more than 200,000 liters of diesel, and more than 42,000 liters of battle knives. After shattering the enemy's riot, the results of this inspection were reported to the Southeast Full Branch and the Northeast Bureau.
7, the Kuomintang spies in Wulongbei, Phoenix City and the remnants of Japanese fascist militarism are ready to support the riots in Andong City. When we learn about this situation, we immediately inform the garrison there, control the key points, protect the warehouses, protect the party and government organs, and be prepared. The method is to contact the military region every two hours. If the contact is interrupted, the political and civil riots will begin. We must resolutely eliminate the enemies of the riots and must not be careless. We must understand the situation and be clear about the new recruits in the army. These troops are ready to deal with the mutation. As expected, riots began in both places at 5:00 on January 1, 1946. After 3 to 5 hours of battle, I was crushed. The enemy was given the punishment they deserved, protected the warehouse, protected the organs, protected railway traffic and combat preparation materials, and allowed the materials to be transported to Benxi front line in a timely manner, and was praised by the Southeast Manchu Branch and the Military Region.
8. We learned about the plans of the Kuomintang spies and Japanese fascist militarism conspiracy and riots, and reported it to the Southeast Manchu Branch and the Military Region. The Military Region also informed each unit, and we also informed a detachment of Tonghua. The detachment believes that what we learned is inaccurate and is not prepared. They also believed that they were powerful and could deal with it, and that the enemy could not riot. As a result, the Kuomintang spies and Japanese fascist militarists beat them up and controlled the telegram and telephone systems. The enemy cooperated with the inside, so that they were forced to retreat to a building when the enemy rioted. Because there was an enemy's support inside, they finally retreated to the third floor and waited for a regiment at Meihekou to arrive before they defeated the riots. Some of them have run to the mountains to fight guerrilla warfare with me, which has forced me to transfer troops from the front line to suppress bandits, which has increased our difficulties and has been severely criticized by our superiors. Being criticized is a small matter. The most important thing is that the factories and warehouses are seriously damaged, and the masses also suffered casualties in the battle, causing adverse effects on our army. This is a great lesson.
9, Dadonggou, Zhuanghe, Pikou, Wafangdian , Gaixian and Shanyouyan counties received the notice, the "phone number" with the military region was a signal of an enemy's riot. They made preparations, gathered local cadres, issued weapons, supervised Japanese expatriates and workers, mobilized workers to be optimistic about factories, and protected machines. The number of Japanese expatriates in Pulandian and Wafangdian was an important railway transportation route. They informed the Soviet Red Army in the major areas of hiring. In order to maintain their strategic transportation, the Soviet Red Army also strengthened the work of the railway garrison to support our local party, government and military preparations to crush the enemy's riots. Before the enemy's riot began, they conducted an investigation and found 5 major generals, more than 30 school officials, and more than 4,110 lieutenants. Only a very small number of Kuomintang spies and Japanese fascist militarists fled to the mountains and forests. Our organs and military and civilians suffered no losses. The Southeast Full Branch and the Military Region praised them.
10. We organized several comrades to carefully check the documents of the Kuomintang secret service organs. From this, they saw that their focus was mainly on the railway, followed by the port, and the city, especially the sauce garden in each city is their contact point. We promptly reported the situation to the Southeast Official Bureau, Military Region, Northeast Bureau, and Northeast Military Region . After detailed reconnaissance and inventory, the results of the obtained materials were proved to be accurate, which played an important role in resolving the liaison points of the Kuomintang spy agencies. In particular, it played a significant strategic role in cracking the connection between the Kuomintang spies and the remnants of Japanese militarism.
11. From the interrogation, it was found that the Japanese middle-aged and major general officers (spy agents) colluded with the Kuomintang Anton Provincial Party Committee, and used money and beauties to cater to the Soviet Red Army, dragged their subordinate officers into the water, and blamed the Soviet Red Army soldiers they killed on our party and our army. We explained these situations clearly to the brigade commander of the Soviet Red Army stationed in Xinyizhou, and invited the Soviet Red Army security cadres to Antonlai to participate in the interrogation with us, but they did not come out publicly and asked him to sit behind the screen in the house to hear the trial.
Japanese and puppet spies confessed that they killed Su Hong Army personnel by various means, shot at us by the Red Army passing by, and killed and injured Red Army personnel, they immediately fled. The enemy spies near the Red Army stationed in the area reported to the Soviet Red Army and falsely accused me of "the Eighth Route Army killed the Red Army" to sow my relationship with the Red Army. In addition, these Japanese and puppet spies also sent gold distillers, watches, etc. to bribe the Red Army, introduced prostitutes to the Red Army, organized dance parties, and publicly wooed us. Our missing female cadres were also arrested by these spies, raped and killed. After being buried in Zhenjiangshan, they were also preparing to kidnap the wives of our senior military and political cadres, assassinated more than ten military and political cadres, etc., all of which were done by the spies from the Chiang Bandit Army and the Anton Provincial Party Committee and the Japanese spies.
After the interrogation, the Soviet Red Army security cadres also handed us a confession from their interrogation of the spy chief of the Kuomintang Party headquarters. The confession shows that the enemy's plan to destroy me was more serious than the situation that had been solved, and the atrocities were even more cruel. Then the Soviet Red Army returned all the personnel of the Kuomintang's underground party headquarters they captured to our army. After joint interrogation, the truth of the enemy's conspiracy was revealed and the misunderstanding was resolved. According to Comrade Xiao Hua's instructions, the Anton Provincial Security Command invited 50 officers from the Soviet Red Army to have a meal, and they also invited our cadres. The crushing of this riot also greatly changed the Soviet Red Army stationed in South Manchuria's impression of our party and army. When the Red Army soldiers saw us, they raised their thumbs up and said, "Go up! Go up!" Senior generals, including Marshal Malinovsky, also had this change. In January 1946, when Comrade Xiao Hua ordered me to go to see him with Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu, after shaking hands, Ma Shuai also gave a thumbs up and said: "You generals have experience, understand and grasp the situation accurately and in a timely manner, and deal with problems decisively."
In the same month, when he saw Marshal Mekovsky on the train north of Pyongyang , he hugged me and asked me: "How old is?" I replied: "30 years old!" He said: "Okay! You are young, it's good to be General Xiao Hua's assistant! You Chairman Mao, Commander-in-Chief Zhu Dehuai, and Deputy Commander-in-Chief Peng Dehuai have trained many young generals!" He asked: "How old is General Xiao Hua?" I replied: "The same age as me!" He raised his thumbs up and said: "Okay! You are all very young i." I saluted and said: "Thank you i" He hugged me again. The Lieutenant General Chief of Staff also raised his finger and said, "Okay!"
Major General Operations Minister and the Colonel Deputy Chief all hugged me. Lieutenant General Loviakin also hugged me, held a banquet and invited my wife to come out to accompany her, and introduced the young Chinese generals. The wife shook hands with me! Kissed her hands! Once again, she showed respect for our army. This time, through Lieutenant General Loviakin, we were given 13 trains and arms. More than a thousand cannons of various types. There are more than 2,000 light and heavy machine guns, tens of thousands of rifles, and millions of shells and bullets. Except for one, which was equipped with the Third and Fourth Columns, regional independent divisions and military regions, most of them were given to the Shandong troops and the New Fourth Army. According to Comrade Xiao Hua's instructions, I also sent old guns and ammunition to a small number of armed forces in each county. Each county had 1 to 2 light machine guns and 30 to 50 rifles, and correspondingly distributed a certain number of bullets. This played an important role in the suppression of bandits and the future insistence on guerrilla warfare .
Lieutenant General Shabulobu Air Force invited me and Liu Lanbo, Lin Yishan and Lu Zhihuan to take the plane he drove himself to visit Andong and Xinyizhou, and circled five or six times over the sky. Later, when I went to the front line of Liaoning , he gave me a Soviet submachine gun with 500 bullets, saying: "This gun played a great role in attacking Berlin. I wish you to go to the front line to win more battles!"
These all show that the instructions of the Northeast Bureau and Comrade Chen Yun's instructions were correct. We implemented them and established a combat friendship with the Soviet Red Army.
12. After the Anton riot was crushed, among the captured enemies, more than ten generals who fled from South Korea and Kyushu, Japan, were found out that the situation of American imperialism against Japanese militarism was learned. We detained these dozen Japanese middle and major generals separately and interrogated them separately, and obtained many situations. Comrade Xiao Hua convened meetings of party, government and military leaders several times to explain the situation and tasks to the cadres, and called on everyone to be vigilant a hundred times and strictly prevent the destruction of Japanese militarists and Chiang bandit spies. However, some comrades and some leading comrades were seriously careless and kept Comrade Xiao Hua's instructions as if they were heard. This campaign has increased the political vigilance of all Party, government and military cadres, troops and the people.
From August to December, in just a few months, the number of Japanese refugees who fled to Andong reached 600,000 to 700,000, three or four times more than that of Chinese citizens. Zhenjiangshan is a scenic spot and the commanding heights of Andong City. It is still inhabited by Japanese officials and fleeing refugees. Our military and political organs and troops only entered the barracks or schools and factories of the puppet army. The location of our army was in an extremely unfavorable terrain. The command center of the Kuomintang and the Japanese secret service organs prepared for the riot entered our city’s security headquarters, the provincial public security bureau and our army’s automobile team. This fully demonstrates how much mentally numb some comrades have reached after entering the city.
To this end, under the instructions of Comrade Xiao Hua, we took decisive measures to the commanding heights of Zhenjiangshan Scenic Spot, cleared the senior Japanese officials and refugees living here down the mountain, and set up our army's command body, the Anton Provincial Security Command, on the mountain. First, on the terrain, we changed passive to active, occupying favorable terrain to control Anton.
