Author: Forgetting each other in the world
In the founding process of our army, Nanchang Uprising had an iconic historical status.
However, the establishment of the first armed force of our army was earlier than the Nanchang Uprising, Autumn Harvest Uprising and Guangzhou Uprising in 1927. It was not the 4th Army Ye Ting Independent Regiment established in November 1925, but the Ye Ting Independent Regiment in November 1924. The armored convoy of the presidential palace built in May.
The Armored Fleet of the Presidential Palace was founded by Huangpu Military Academy Political Department Director, Guangdong District Committee Chairman and Military Minister Zhou Gong. The specific persons in charge are the captain, Xu Chengzhang, a native of Qiongshan, Hainan, and party representative, a native of Shaanxi Pingli Liao Ganwu , deputy captain Zhou Shidi from Hainan Lehui, as well as Zhao Zixuan from Liuyang, Hunan and Cao Ruqian from Yingxian, Shanxi. Among them, Zhou Shidi and Zhao Zixuan both came from the first phase of Huangpu .
The armored convoy only had 163 people, but it played an important role in eliminating the landlords' armed forces, quelling the rebellion, and the general strikes in the province and Hong Kong. However, in just a few years, four leaders died one after another, and by the time of the conferment in 1955, the only surviving one, Zhou Shidi, was awarded the title of founding general.
In November 1925, based on the armored convoy, a group of young officers from Huangpu and the Yunnan Army were added to expand it into an independent regiment with more than 2,000 people. The regiment was led by Ye Ting and the chief of staff Zhou Shidi. The Ye Ting Independent Regiment produced 79 founding generals. In addition to founding general Zhou Shidi, there were also three marshals, Mr. Zhu, Chen Yi and Mr. Lin, as well as two founding generals, Su Yu and Xu Guangda.
However, although the armored convoy and the Ye Ting Independent Regiment preceded the Nanchang Uprising, they were not the starting point of the army.
Zhou Shidi
The first reason is that at that time our army did not realize the extreme importance of the "gun barrel".
As we all know, the "gun barrel" assertion was put forward by the Chairman at the Hankou " August 7th Conference " after the Nanchang Uprising. Prior to this, both our senior management and the chairman himself had experienced a process of understanding the "gun barrel" from scratch, from shallow to deep.
In modern China, who else realized the power of the "gun barrel" earlier than the Chairman?
The first person to steal the fruits of the Revolution of 1911 was Yuan Shikai who served as the "emperor" for 83 days. Yuan Shikai's small station trained troops, drawing on the advanced training methods of and German , strictly preventing officer corruption, and successfully brainwashing them through the "Song of Encouragement to Soldiers". Yuan Shikai himself also ate, lived and trained with the soldiers. More than 30 senior officials came out of the New Army, as well as more than 10 leaders including Duan Qirui, Feng Guozhang, and Cao Kun.
The second person is Mr. Zhongshan, the forerunner who was deceived by Yuan Shikai. WuchangAfter the First Uprising, due to internal disunity and domestic and foreign pressure, the president was handed over to Yuan Shikai, who had a "gun barrel". The Second Revolution, the War to Protect the Country, and the War to Protect the Country all relied on the power of warlords, but none of them succeeded. Thus, in 1924, the " United Russia and the Communist Party" came into being to prepare for the establishment of Huangpu and organize the Eastern Expedition and the Northern Expedition.
The third person is the Chiang family, who is very hidden in the city. Mr. Zhongshan unfortunately died of illness just as he realized the importance of the "barrel of the gun". Chiang, who was deeply trusted, gradually grasped the "barrel of the gun" in his hands. Although our army also established an armored convoy and an independent regiment, the 2,000 people were a drop in the bucket compared to the 130,000 Northern Expeditionary Army. At that time, our army had not yet realized the importance of "gun barrels."
Chiang's
The second reason is that the chairman who proposed the "barrel of a gun" argument did not realize the importance of the military in his early years.
Whether it is various books or film and television works, the chairman always gives people the image of a scholar with a "feather fan and silk scarf". Few people would have thought that the Chairman had given up writing and joined the army in his youth. That was when the Revolution of 1911 broke out in 1911, and the chairman also served as a soldier for more than half a year. Chairman
later recalled the scene of joining the Hunan Army: After the New Army launched an uprising in Changsha, the Chairman, who was studying at Changsha Middle School, resolutely gave up his writing and joined the army to join the New Army. He learned the basics of carrying a gun, firing a gun, aiming, and shooting. You can also get a monthly salary of 7 yuan.
Just when the chairman was about to start a big fight, Mr. Zhongshan and Yuan Shikai reached a peace agreement and dissolved the provisional government.The 18-year-old Chairman thought the revolution was over, so he left the army and returned to school. However, the revolution in which new warlords replaced the old warlords obviously did not succeed.
The May 4th Movement in 1919, Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu brought a new atmosphere to the north and the south.
At this time, the fledgling chairman was 26 years old and in his prime. He scolded Fang Qiu and founded " Xiangjiang Review " in Changsha. The founding declaration clearly stated his own proposition: defeating power with power will still gain power. Not only is it self-contradictory, it is also ineffective.
During this period, although the chairman was full of enthusiasm, he did not have a deep understanding of armed revolution. He called on the passionate young people in the "Xiangjiang Review" to join the "vocal" revolution, the "bread" revolution and the "bloodless" revolution.
Huangpu Army Officer School
The third reason is that before the April 12th Incident, Chen Duxiu did not realize the importance of the "gun barrel".
Chen Duxiu was the highest-ranking person from the First to the Fifth National Congress and the commander-in-chief of the May 4th Movement. However, he did not pay much attention to the "barrel of a gun" and was even criticized.
In the spring of 1924, Mr. Zhongshan founded Huangpu and the New Army with the help of the Soviet Union and Moscow.
Moscow provided money, men, and guns, and the Northern Expeditionary Army was able to defeat the greater number with less. In just half a year, it defeated the Zhili clique's Wu Peifu , Sun Chuanfang , and the Feng clique's Zhang Zuolin . However, the Chiang Kai-shek, who had profited from the situation and had the "barrel of a gun", began to aggressively exclude dissidents, first with the " Zhongshan Ship Incident ", and then with the "rectification of party affairs cases", sharpening his knives and baring his sharp fangs against the revolutionary masses.
During this period, the Chairman was keenly aware of the "class" issue. After extensive and in-depth social investigation, he raised a sharp question: Who are our enemies and who are our friends?
In 1926, the Chairman further realized that revolution is not about treating guests to dinner, writing articles, painting, or embroidering, but a violent action in which one class overthrows another class. In March 1927, the "Inspection Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan" clearly proposed uniting farmers as an ally.
At the same time, the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers led by Duke Zhou was successful. However, Chiang, who had ulterior motives, ordered the workers to be disarmed. Chen Duxiu ordered the workers' pickets to put down their weapons in order to calm the situation, which eventually led to the murder of 300,000 people.
Chen Duxiu
The fourth point is that the massacres in Shanghai and Wuhan put the issue of "gun barrels" on the agenda.
After "April 12", Chiang Kai-shek, who had been planning for a long time, made fatal moves. The telegrams were full of words such as "Behead and make a decision" and "See the light of day and make a decision." The sacrifices of Wang Shouhua, Chen Yannian, Zhao Shiyan, Xiao Chunv and others made the chairman, Duke Zhou and others realize the importance of the "gun barrel".
However, Chen Duxiu, Zhang, Tan Pingshan and others refused to implement the "May Instructions". Moscow immediately suspended Chen Duxiu from his duties and replaced them with Zhou Gong and other five people. Zhou Gong, Li Lisan, Yun Daiying, Peng Pai and others launched the Nanchang Uprising. At this time, our army truly realized that there is no savior in the world, and we cannot count on a fairy emperor. The success of the revolution can only depend on ourselves!
On August 1, 1927, the Nanchang Uprising, which involved 25 founding generals including 7 founding marshals, 3 founding generals, and 4 founding generals, officially fired the first shot of the counterattack. Although the uprising ultimately failed, the inspired Chairman proposed the "barrel of a gun" argument at the "August 7th Conference" and was subsequently appointed to lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising. After " Sanwan adapted ", he became Jinggangshan .
In April 1928, Mr. Zhu and Chen Yi led the troops of the Nanchang Uprising and the Southern Hunan Uprising to meet with the Chairman in Jinggangshan . Later, Mr. Peng and Teng Daiyuan also went to Jinggangshan. At this point, our army officially began the perfect integration of the chairman, generals and the Red Army team, and an iron army was born.
If we say that the armored convoy of the Presidential Palace was to protect Mr. Zhongshan and escort the workers and peasants revolution; then, the founding of the Ye Ting Independent Regiment was the dim awakening of Zhou Gong and others to the "gun barrel"; after experiencing the bloody lesson, The Nanchang Uprising was the first time our army fought back.
It was precisely because of the enlightening effect of the Nanchang Uprising that the Chairman's "gun barrel" theory was born.
After the Autumn Harvest Uprising and the Guangzhou Uprising, most people in our army have formed a general consensus on this. The Nanchang Uprising has been written into history as the starting point of the founding of our army, and the armored convoy and Ye Ting Independent Regiment have also gone down in history as the source of the Nanchang Uprising troops.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, some people suggested that the Chairman use the "Autumn Harvest Uprising" instead of the "Nanchang Uprising" as the starting point for building the army, but the Chairman firmly opposed it. It is true that the historical status of the Autumn Harvest Uprising is no less than that of the Nanchang Uprising, but the historical role of the "first shot" of the Nanchang Uprising is irreplaceable.
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