On August 15, 1945, Japan was defeated and surrendered . This is a day to make all the people proud. After 14 years of arduous war of resistance, the masses of people are excited. They have experienced war for too long and are too longing for peace and hope. Can live and work in peace and contentment and lead a stable life.
Picture | Chairman Mao and Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek The government is not particularly happy, because he wants to monopolize the country and monopolize the fruits of victory, and wants to use force to clear all obstacles in front of him , But to do so, the people will never agree.
In addition, the war of resistance against Japan has just ended, and his main forces are all in the Southwest. It will take some time before they can be transferred to the liberated areas of the country, so he had to borrow the peaceful " coat " , To cover up the real attempt to start a civil war. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek sent three telegrams to Chairman Mao who was in Yan'an, wanting to invite him to Chongqing in person to discuss matters of peaceful nation-building.
Figure | Victory in the Anti-Japanese War
Chiang Kai-shek knew that there were only two situations, Chairman Mao . If Chairman Mao comes, he will also try his best to embarrass him, use his own strength to force him to make a fool of himself and make the greatest compromise.
During the negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek said that if the CCP accepts some of the Kuomintang's requirements, it can agree to let Chairman Mao be the governor of a province, and Chairman Mao laughed even more after listening. What happened?
After Chairman Mao received three telegrams,Knowing Chiang Kai-shek’s inner abacus, he responded to Chiang Kai-shek’s first telegram with a rather cold tone, but soon many democratic parties across the country issued the slogan " peaceful foundation", and the United States, the Soviet Union and other countries It also put a certain amount of pressure on the KMT and the Communist Party, hoping that the two parties can avoid civil war.
Picture | Hurley came to Yan'an to take over Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou
Therefore, Chairman Mao finally agreed to go to for the sake of national justice and for the suffering people. This is what Chairman Mao said to everyone:
" " Now this form is like an arrow on the string, and I have to send it. I also know that this is obviously a feast, but I still have to go to Chongqing, only to cross this threshold. Our party can be more mature in all aspects. I have to expose Chiang Kai-shek’s false and true civil war, so that the people of the whole country can see the true plot of Chiang Kai-shek! ”
Figure | Chairman Mao and others sit down The plane to Chongqing
Chairman Mao also considered himself and Premier Zhou , Wang Ruofei and others to go to Chongqing together, in case Chiang Kai-shek really detained himself against the people of the whole country, then It is bound to seriously affect the daily work arrangements of the Party Central Committee, so he proposed Liu Shaoqi to act as his own position, and added Chen Yun and Peng Zhen as alternate secretaries.So that at any time, the Central Secretariat can hold meetings normally and make emergency response.
On August 28, 1945, Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou and others were accompanied by the US Ambassador to China Hurley to arrive in Chongqing by plane. For a while, people from all walks of life in Chongqing rushed to the Chongqing airport spontaneously For a glimpse of the great men, the patriotic democrats Liu Yazi praised Chairman Mao for taking " " to Chongqing for the appointment.
When Chairman Mao and others walked down the gangway of the plane, Chairman Mao saw that the ground was full of media reporters, Kuomintang government officials and a group of democratic patriots. He smiled and took off his top hat and waved towards the crowd.
Figure | Chairman Mao waving a hat
And this hat also has a lot of history, this hat Sun Yat-sen often wore it during his lifetime, so Premier Zhou specially bought the same type of hat for use In order to show the image of our party’s leader, I also want to show to the outside world that our party came with sincerity this time, hoping that waving the hat can turn things around, and try to get both sides to negotiate a satisfactory result.
and Chairman Mao and others really dared to come to Chongqing is beyond the expectations of the Chiang Kai-shek government. He did not expect that he had just told his men the day before that Mao Zedong would definitely not dare to come, and would only send Zhou Enlai or other Communist Party leaders. Yes, I didn't expect to be "faced" by reality now. The Kuomintang government didn't even make an emergency plan. Seeing Chairman Mao's arrival, he suddenly seemed confused and could only greet and make arrangements for itinerary.
Picture | Chairman Mao meets with democrats
When Chairman Mao drove to meet Chiang Kai-shek,In order to show his "importance" to Chairman Mao and others, Chiang Kai-shek specially hosted a banquet in Linyuan to entertain Chairman Mao and others. After Chairman Mao met with Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek called Chairman Mao " ". However, Chairman Mao called Chiang Kai-shek " Mr. Jiang ", and the two shook hands and took a group photo.
At this time Chiang Kai-shek noticed a detail. He heard that Chairman Mao loves to smoke and is very addicted to cigarettes. He often has to hold a cigarette in his hand. After meeting him, the talks were close to half a day. Chairman Mao knew that he Chiang Kai-shek If you don’t like the smell of cigarettes, you have never smoked a cigarette, so Chiang Kai-shek exclaimed; “ This person has such a great determination to control himself from smoking on this occasion, and he must not be underestimated! ”
Picture | Group photo of Chairman Mao with Chiang Kai-shek and others
When the two sides really negotiated, because the Kuomintang was not fully prepared, the conditions for provisional preparations were good for oneself, trying to force our party to go. Compromise his conditions.
For example, the Kuomintang proposed that the CCP must support the Three Principles of the People and Chiang Kai-shek’s leadership status. CCP members should not be sent to the Kuomintang government to serve as officials. In order to show the greatest sincerity, our party made great concessions and agreed with the Kuomintang. Unreasonable request.
Immediately the Kuomintang asked more and more, such as refusing to recognize the legitimacy of the liberated area regime and the people’s army. At that time, the CCP had more than 1 million Communists, more than 1.2 million people’s troops, and nearly one million square meters. Kilometers of the liberated area , these were only obtained by our army after years of fighting. It was only after the sacrifices of countless revolutionary martyrs that the status quo was exchanged. The Kuomintang wanted to turn these achievements into nothing.It is absolutely impossible to do.
Figure | Chairman Mao and everyone
Our party still showed the sincerity of this visit to the KMT. It is that sincerely wants to build the country peacefully, so our party proposed in subsequent negotiations The original more than 260 divisions were reorganized and reduced to 43 divisions, but Chiang Kai-shek did not agree at all.
The Kuomintang government has no sincerity. It requires our army to organize only 12 divisions, and must fully obey the orders of the Kuomintang government, and arrange centralized arrangements in designated areas.
Premier Zhou Enlai made a very big concession in the subsequent negotiations and decided to control the ratio of the CCP army to the Kuomintang army at one-fifth according to the proposal put forward by Ambassador Hurley. If the Kuomintang still has concerns, we can even With a concession to one-seventh, we are still willing to withdraw all the liberated areas in the south and garrison in the north.
Figure | Premier Zhou
After many rounds of concessions, the KMT representatives only said that the original 12 divisions will be changed to 16 divisions. In this regard, our representative Wang Ruofei shot the table on the spot and shouted " , in this case, you can wipe out our party’s army directly! "
The negotiation was in an unprecedented predicament. Premier Zhou pointed out directly:
The CCP came with sincerity, only I hope that there will be a result that is beneficial to both sides. We have always been on an equal footing and have made many rounds of concessions. Your Kuomintang government is extremely arrogant and defiant. It treats us with an extremely unequal attitude and regards us as yours. The ruled, even the surrenders, can't make sense in the world.
We have recognized that the Kuomintang is the largest party in China,Moreover, Chiang Kai-shek is the leader of the country, but you are not calling yourself a leader, but trying to control our party. You have to give us a reasonable statement!
Figure | Wang Ruofei
However, Hurley did not want to delay his return to the United States again, so he persuaded Chiang Kai-shek several times and finally let Chiang Kai-shek let go and agreed that the CCP’s army would remain at 20 divisions.
Because the U.S. government was eccentric and stood on the side of the Chiang Kai-shek government, Hurley approached Chairman Mao with Chiang Kai-shek’s opinions. He said that Chiang Kai-shek could promise that the number of the CCP’s army would remain at 20 divisions and stationed in the liberated areas in the north. It is easy to discuss, and also let Chairman Mao be the governor of a province.
Chairman Mao didn't feel angry and humiliated after hearing this. He thought that Chiang Kai-shek could still have such a kind heart, and specially arranged for him an official position?
Picture | Hurley
asked curiously; " , which province does Mr. Jiang want me to go to? "
Hurley said, "He said is Xinjiang! ”
As soon as Hurley finished speaking these two words, Chairman Mao laughed. He did not expect that Chiang Kai-shek was so stingy in his work that he caused such a joke that Chiang Kai-shek wanted Chairman Mao to go to Xinjiang. It’s really not sincere to give him an official position, but to " picking peach " all over the country as soon as possible. I want to weaken the power of the CCP in various ways and come up with " warm water boiled frog ". Forcing the CCP to gradually surrender all military and political power.
Give Chairman Mao a false position and show the outside world the illusion of his broad mind,When the time comes, we can talk about the CCP's rebellion one by one, and find the army to suppress it.
Figure | Chairman Mao
On October 10, 1945, with the efforts of our party, the representatives of the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang successfully signed the " double ten agreement", but this is only Chiang Kai-shek's concealment of the civil war. , Is a precursor of war, and the CCP demonstrated to the outside world the image of CCP as the people and peace-loving in this negotiation, and won wide sympathy and support from people at home and abroad.
So far, the image of the Communist Party of China has undergone a subversive change.
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