Putin is the legendary chairman of Russia, and he is called "Putin Emperor" by the people.
However, after he took office, Russia's situation was quite serious. The economic impact brought by the collapse of the Soviet Union seriously affected Russia, a huge country, and even could not afford 300 million US dollars .
How could the Soviet Union, which once dared to compete with the United States, become so poor after the disintegration? What happened to Russia before Putin came to power? How could his economic situation become like this?
In 1991, the Soviet Union, which was internal and external troubles, finally disintegrated, and the two most critical figures that led to the Soviet Union were Gorbachev and Yeltsin.
After the Russian regime was restored, Yeltsin became Russia's first president.
When Yeltsin took office, all Russia's rights were concentrated on him. When he took office, Russia's economy had already fallen to the bottom.
When the Soviet Union collapsed, the national economic value had dropped to 40%. Not only that, there were also one trillion rubles of domestic debt and 120 billion US dollars of foreign debt.
As the largest country within the Soviet Union, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia did not gain much benefits, but instead took all the debts of the Soviet Union.
Before this, the Soviet Union relied on two major economic pillars of agriculture and industry. However, after Yeltsin came to power, he not only did not focus on the development of agriculture and industry, but instead worked with Russian capitalists, which directly led to a 40% decline in Russia's agricultural productivity while industry dropped to 46%.
A large part of the reason why Russia's economy is so sluggish is the root cause of the Soviet Union.
htmlFor more than 0 years, in order to develop military strength, the Soviet Union invested most of its financial and material resources into the military, which also led to a distorted development of Russia's economic system.plus the deeply rooted capitalism . When Russia was founded, the gap between the rich and the poor was extremely serious, and officials and capitalists were in a slew of their country. When the country was about to become a country, these capitalists chose to betray the motherland and transfer all their property abroad.
Capital flight, economic deformity, oligarchy in power, causing the situation in Russia that day.
There are more and more unemployed people in Russia, and unemployed vagrants and beggars can be seen everywhere on the roadside. The people have taken to the streets to express their protests.
In order to change this situation, Yeltsin took a risk and adopted the successful "shock therapy" , which the Bolivian government once implemented and wanted to solve the economic crisis in Russia.
Many people may not have heard of "shock therapy", a rescue plan adopted for the Bolivian economic crisis. In general, by mandatory control of consumption demand and investment demand, the domestic supply balance is achieved, thereby resisting inflation .
BoliviaThe economic depression back then was due to this policy that saved the country and the people.
Yeltsin is not an expert in governing the country. He was desperate and had to copy "shock therapy". He took out the country's 1.5 trillion rubles to the people, allowing the people to trade these so-called privatized securities.
"Shock therapy" played a certain role when it was first implemented, but driven by the general environment, some unscrupulous merchants found business opportunities and launched national disasters, using the securities acquired from the people to exchange for controlling stakes of some companies. The consequences of
do so directly lead to some excellent Russian enterprises and even some state-owned enterprises becoming profitable stocks for merchants. Merchants take this opportunity to penetrate their own power to all levels of the country.
Oil, finance, industry, and minerals originally belonged to the country and were the most profitable industries. gradually became a commodity for merchants, and Russia also became a business empire for merchants . When these merchants were at their greatest power, they could even control the president's candidates.
Although "shock therapy" had certain efficacy in the early stage, it backfired in the later stages. The final trader of this economic movement became a capitalist, which eventually led to market order disorder and Russian economy collapsed.
It is obvious that "shock therapy" is not suitable for Russia, where capitalists are everywhere.
After the failure of "shock therapy", Russia's GDP was directly reduced by half, causing the Russian economy to retreat for decades.
To put it simply, Lenin and Stalin have finally helped up the country fell again, which made Russia, which was not wealthy, worsen again.
After the economy collapsed again, Russia experienced an economic crisis. At this time, Russia's inflation rate had reached 2500%. Russia's ruble plummeted. Originally, 1.8 rubles could be exchanged for one dollar, but now even dozens of rubles cannot be exchanged for a dollar.
, and the economic crisis directly led to a significant decline in people's income. In 1998, Russia's per capita income per month was only US$30, which was only enough to maintain the daily expenses of a family, and this was still a professional employee.
But these people are also on the verge of crisis. Under such economic conditions, unemployment is something that can happen at any time.
Due to the change of state power, Russia's agriculture and industry are also on hold. All ethnic groups are making independence, and who still has the heart to farm.
After capitalists mastered the economic channels, they deliberately raised the market price and raised the price of commodities. This trend continued to grow, resulting in the people not being able to maintain their ordinary lives, and the money in their hands almost turned into a piece of waste paper overnight.
In order to survive, the Russian people can only borrow money from banks, and these bank presidents are the biggest capitalists. The income is not enough to cover the expenses, and the income and expenditure are not proportional, which eventually leads to the Russian economy and ushers in a second collapse.
Money has flowed to people who are not short of money, and Yeltsin has become the scapegoat . He has tried to save the country, but he is not the material.
At that time, the Russian people hated Yeltsin and he became the culprit. So he wanted to save the Russian economy again, so he had to ask Western countries for help, but Western countries were eager to add insults, so how could they help Russia?
Yeltsin was still unwilling to give up at this time and still wanted to hold the position of president, but the people did not call him very much. In order to be re-elected, Yeltsin began to seek help. Within Russia, the only ones who could help him at this time were those businessmen who made money from the national crisis, that is, the seven oligarchs mentioned by people .
This is undoubtedly a deal with the devil. In order to protect the rights in his hands, Yeltsin finally reached an agreement with the oligarchs. The oligarch helped Yeltsin settle down, and Yeltsin provided a living environment for the oligarchs. Even if the president replaced him, he could not threaten the status of the oligarchs.
is protected by the president of the country, and these capitalisms are even more rampant.
At that time, almost these chaebols had the final say. In the central government, almost half of the officials in were supported by chaebols. They not only achieved wealth monopoly, but also achieved regime monopoly.
Due to changes in the Russian political system, conflicts broke out within. The Chechen Republic, which was originally under the management of Russia, provoked a war and wanted to overthrow the Russian government and be independent.
But at this time, Yeltsin found that he could not even solve this problem.
1999, Yeltsin, who had not yet completed his term, could no longer withstand the pressure, hurriedly handed over the regime to Putin, and turned himself back and shrank.
Putin has a very rich experience. He is a talented and talented person.
After taking office, Putin lived up to expectations and solved the problem of Chechen , and also said the famous saying: Forgive them is God's business, and my task is to send them to see God.
Chechnya was completely defeated by Putin and became Putin's fan. Chechnya's national strength has also become one of Putin's strong support in the future.
But Putin's biggest difficulty is Russia's economic problems.
After Putin came to power, Western countries were laughing at him for taking over a mess, but Putin was as stable as Mount Tai and carried out drastic economic reforms, which finally reversed Russia's decline. In just 20 years, Russia once again became a nightmare for the EU country.
As Western countries say, when Putin first came to power, Russia was a mess, and it was difficult for Russia, who was heavily in debt, to turn the tables against the wind.
Russia's economic lifeline is completely in the hands of the chaebol. If you want to save the economy, you must first deal with these oligarchs.
At that time, the poor Russia suffered a lot of difficulties from European countries. These difficult-to-repay foreign debts became Russia's weakness.
After Putin came to power, in order to pay off his debts, he had to go to small European countries to sell his own products himself.
In 2001, Putin visited Austria with the latest developed MiG 29 fighter . Austria is a small European country with a land area of only 84,000 square kilometers, and this small country is Russia's creditor.
Russia owes Austria a full US$2.8 billion, and had to repay 300 million in the first quarter, but at this time the Russian government could not even get 300 million US dollars.
Austria knows that Russia is not able to repay the debt now, but it still chases Russia and keeps asking for it. In order to repay the debt, Putin finally decided to use Russia's latest fighter as a commodity to repay the debt.
, the latest developed 20 MiG29 fighter jets, have a market price of at least 400 million US dollars. In order to show sincerity, Putin also deliberately reduced the price of these fighter jets to 300 million.
But unexpectedly, the down-and-out phoenix is not as good as a chicken. The Austrian government did not buy Putin's account at all, and used this to mock Putin and even published this matter in international news.
Faced with the humiliation of Austria, Putin said calmly: Russians never blame the debt, we will repay for every amount of money. So how did Putin bring Russia to the forefront?
Putin sees Russia's economy clearly. He once said that there is not much time left for Russia and it must develop as soon as possible. This is an economic and political issue.
If you want to lead Russia out of the predicament, you must carry out the reform of market economy . The first point is that the economic lifeline must be held in the hands of the country, but at that time, Russia's economic lifeline was in the hands of the oligarchs.
After Putin came to power, the Russian oligarchs still regarded him as a puppet , but Putin did not take these people seriously at all. He once held a meeting for these oligarchs publicly. At the meeting, Putin emphasized that as long as they withdrew from the military and political circles and operated legally from then on, they would not care about what they did before.
But these businessmen played Yeltsin in their hands in their early years, and these oligarchs also put a lot of effort into the reason why Putin was able to take office.
finally achieved its power and position today, how could it let go easily? They also said: As long as I want, I can let a monkey be the president.
But Putin's determination is also very great. Putin will never suffer the humiliation he suffered in Austria.
Putin's first step is to remove these oligarchs and cultivate their personnel in the political circle. He chose media tycoon Gusinsky as the entry point, began to liquidate his property, and arrested him on multiple charges.
At the same time, Putin seized all his property. In order to avoid punishment, Gusinsky fled overseas and lived a life worse than death. Putin's first step in regaining economic rights has been completed.
Then, Putin liquidated the domestically and uprooted these oligarchs to , but these oligarchs still refused to surrender and committed crimes against the wind and committed money laundering cases that caused a sensation in the world. This undoubtedly touched Putin's rebellion.
Originally, Russia was too poor to lose money, but these oligarchs actually laundered money for themselves.
The angry Putin launched a major blood exchange in Russia, and used tough measures to deal with the oligarchs. Their industries were also nationalized, becoming an important part of the Russian economic reversal.
After removing the oligarchy, Putin began to carry out anti-corruption actions to completely eliminate political corruption.
After a major change, the Russian government was in a prosperous situation. Without economic monopoly, Russia's economic level was breathing.
Then, Putin began to use the assets confiscated from capitalists to restore Russia's economy, especially the oil industry. The oil industry, which was previously the most profitable in Russia, was held in the hands of oligarchs, and is now nationalized and has great returns.
After Putin nationalized oil and minerals, Russia gradually resumed energy exports. In addition, Putin also gradually stabilized Russia's economy by exporting weapons and energy.
Improving the Russian economy is a tough battle. It not only needs to develop inherent resources, but also attach importance to social phenomena and redevelop Russia's agriculture and industry. After Putin came to power, he reduced taxes from the people and strengthened the liquidation of the domestic economy.
After Putin's efforts, in 2003, Russia's per capita income had reached US$180, and the number of poor and unemployed people also decreased.
Not only that, during this period, US$50 billion of foreign debt was repaid.
Since 2003, Russia's economy has begun to make profits, and in 2005, it has repaid nearly 50 billion in foreign debts, and it has not caused an economic crisis. Russia's GDP has also grown, and everything has begun to get on track.
Russia's Economic War is a protracted war, and slight changes in the international situation will also have an impact on Russia.
But in the years Putin was president, the lives of the Russian people have improved greatly.
Russia repays its foreign debts while developing its domestic economy. So far, Russia is still a country that cannot be underestimated, and even the United States still dare not underestimate it.
