In 1984, India's first female prime minister, Indira, died. She was beaten to death by two of her own personal guards in front of a government office building. Indira was once known as the "Iron Lady" of Asia and controlled Indian politics alone for fifteen years.
As a politician, Indira is a very controversial figure. She once planned the movement to independence of East Pakistan (later Bangladesh ), breaking the situation where Pakistan attacked India from both sides of the east and west. She also ordered castration surgery on more than 6 million men nationwide, thus causing them to lose their fertility.
So, what kind of life did Indira go through? Why did she order the castration of 6 million Indian men? What was the reason for her tragic death in the end?
was prominent and was involved in politics
Indira Gandhi Also known as Indira Priyadashini Nehru, she was born in a family of eunuchs in Uttar Pradeshine, India. Indira's grandfather was a lawyer. He saved a lot of money during the British colonial period. Later, he joined the Indian National Congress Party , becoming an important figure, and even served as the party chairman.
Indira's father is named Jawaharal Nehru . He is an intellectual with higher education. He once joined forces with the Indian "Mahatma" Gandhi to launch the Indian independence movement and became the founding prime minister of India. For Indira, who was born in such a family, it seemed like she was born with a fate in politics, and she did not resist at all.
When she was young, her mother was weak and sickly, and her father was busy with government affairs, Indira developed an independent personality. She was an extremely strong person and had to compete for the first place in everything.
When she was studying, Indira had excellent academic performance. She dropped out of school by accompanying her mother to see a doctor abroad, but two years later, she was still admitted to Oxford University in the UK to study politics. History and humanities.
At the age of nineteen, Indira's mother passed away. She took the initiative to take on her mother's vacancy and helped take care of her father's daily life, thus getting in touch with political life.
After the outbreak of World War II , Indira returned to the British colony (India), and she joined the Congress party where her father was located, and started a campaign to promote Indian independence.
Four years later, Indira fell in love with Firots, who was studying in the UK, and the two planned to enter the palace of marriage. However, due to the differences in family background and beliefs, their marriage caused a stir in the outside world.
First of all, Indira is the highest-level Brahmin family in India. His father Nehru has made his mark in Indian politics, while Firots is a relatively low Vaishya family. His father is just an ordinary naval officer.
Secondly, the Indira family is both Hindu believers, while Firotz is an Zoroastrian believers. According to traditional Indian rules, once Indira marrys a low caste husband or a pagan husband, she will lose all her high caste privileges and even directly ruin her political career.
In this case, Indira's father Nehru repeatedly dissuaded his daughter, but his daughter Indira was always unwilling to change her mind. Nehru, who could not resist her daughter, had to speak out, announce his decision to respect her daughter, and allow the two to hold a wedding ceremony.
Of course, Nehru also made all plans. He persuaded his friend Mahatma "Gandhi" to bless Gandhi's surname to his son-in-law's family, and then helped his daughter and son-in-law complete the wedding legitimately.
Shortly after marriage, Indira gave her husband's surname to her name, and since then she was Indira Gandhi, and thus created a famous family in Indian history.
After the end of in World War II, Britain's military strength dropped sharply, and its colonial rule in India could no longer be maintained. In order to retain a decent end, Britain proposed the famous "Mountman Plan", intending to divide its colonies into two autonomous regions of Pakistan and India, and will be independent on August 14 and August 15, 1947.
After the independence of the Republic of India, Nehru was elected as the first prime minister of the country, and Indira took the opportunity to serve as her father's secretary, which was also a key step for her to enter the political arena.
During the reign of Nehru, Indira visited other countries with his father many times, and then participated in many international conferences such as the Bandung Conference , met with heads of state and well-known people from many countries, and accumulated a lot of diplomatic experience.
During this period, Indira's party position was also promoted step by step. She served as a member of the Central Committee of the Congress Party, chairman of the Congress Party, and a member of the Congress Party Working Committee. She made extensive contacts with the party members and received general personnel support, thus laying a solid foundation for the subsequent election to Prime Minister.
Two wars, the election of Prime Minister
In 1962, the third general election ceremony of India's third government officially began. Indira ran around for the Congress Party, and the call for support for her to become the Prime Minister was growing. However, because her father Nehru opposed nepotism, Indira chose to withdraw from the party candidate level before she started her election.
In the same year, China's border self-defense counterattack against India broke out, and Indira personally went to the front line to boost morale. Although the Indian army suffered repeated defeats, with its "dare to be the first", Indira still gained a lot of people's hearts and reputation and was appointed by the Indian government as a new member of the National Defense Commission.
Two years later, Indira's father Nehru passed away, and the last barrier that prevented her from becoming Prime Minister also disappeared. At that time, the Congress Party was divided and the forces of various factions within the party continued to fight. Indira took the opportunity to visit the Soviet Union and won the support of the new Soviet leader Brezhnev .
When the Second India-Pakistan War broke out, Indira chose to go to the most dangerous capital of Kashmir for vacation. At that time, Pakistani troops were gathering near Kashmir. Many people advised Indira to leave there, but Indira insisted on her own opinion and publicly issued a declaration of peace, dispelling the doubts of the people of the country.
At the same time, because of this behavior, Indira is also called by ordinary people: "the only man in a group of women's cabinet."
In January 1966, India and Pakistan had just signed the Tashkent Declaration, ending the long-term war confrontation, but the Indian Prime Minister suddenly passed away. Things were in chaos in India for the successor, and Indira took the opportunity to stand up and became the prime minister candidate for the Congress Party.
Two weeks later, Indira easily defeated her rival Desai with years of political reputation and was elected India's first female prime minister with 355 votes.
When she took office, Indira showed a mature side. Her experience and accumulation were something that many rulers had never had. In her first year of rule, her political achievements were outstanding, which also increased a lot of trust within the Congress party.
Of course, it is far from enough to have solicitation alone. In addition to stabilizing the internal environment of the country, Indira also set her attention on her old rival Pakistan.
coincided with the situation where Pakistan was in a split. In the new national government election, the political parties representing the interests of East Pakistan (East Pakistan) won the highest vote, and most of the officials and military commanders of the existing government of Pakistan were all West Pakistan (East Pakistan).
In this case, the East Pakistani political party proposed: If the West Pakistan government is unwilling to give up its power, then please allow the East Pakistan region to be independent.
At that time, in order to avoid national division, the ruling people of Siba directly mobilized the army, detained thousands of members of the East Pakistan political party, and forcibly declared that the election was invalid.
Faced with the arbitrary behavior of the West Pakistan leaders, East Pakistan fled a large number of people. They regarded their former enemy India as a lifeline and strongly supported the Indian army to attack the Dongba area.
1971, Indira first promulgated regulations to support East Pakistan's independence through the two houses ( Senate and House of Representatives), and then launched a full-scale attack on Pakistan.
With the support of the East Pakistani people, the Indian army's eastern battlefield was unstoppable. In just one month's incident, they captured 90,000 Pakistani soldiers, forcing Pakistan to sign a sub-city alliance and allowing East Pakistan to be independent of Bangladesh.
In this India-Pakistan War , Pakistan's supporter, the United States, sent the Seventh Fleet to threaten India, but Indira used the support of the Soviet Union to fight to the end and successfully seized food from the Americans, completing the feat of dismembering Pakistan.
Internal reform, religious conflict
After the victory of the external war, Indira began to promote internal reform. Her first direction was to solve India's economic problems. In this regard, Indira used her father Nehru's signature to vigorously promote a never-aligned foreign policy (similar to neutral country ), attracting foreign capital from all over the world, and setting up factories in India to develop the economy.
However, after more than two years of development, Indira found that no matter how hard it works, India's economic development speed cannot keep up with the speed of population fertility, which also led to a continuous decline in the per capita GDP value of .
At this time, Indira also noticed that to become prosperous and strong in the country, it is necessary to control population growth and not allow Indians to give birth as much as they want.
At that time, Indira ordered a birth control exercise nationwide, and even announced that governments at all levels would reward 120 Indian rupees (equivalent to RMB 10) for every birth control surgery on an adult male.
Under the dual pressure of money and policy, all governments at all levels in India have moved. They do everything they can to plunder adult men who can be castrated everywhere.
Since India is an caste country, officials dare not bully families with high caste, so they turned their targets to families with low caste, which led to a large number of poor people being castrated and their reproductive rights were also taken away. On the other hand, those rich nobles are still free and unscrupulous and have children unscrupulously.
According to incomplete statistics, in just one year, 6 million adult men in India have been castrated, most of whom are from poor families.
In addition, due to factors such as poor sanitation conditions and backward economic levels in India, castrated men often fail to keep up with their nutrition after the operation, and then they suffer from symptoms such as low back pain, infection, inflammation, etc., and even died on the operating table.
After that, the Indian people were excited and everyone accused Indira of being incompetent in the rule, which led to Indira's failure in the next election.
In the years after she stepped down, Indira truly saw the warmth and warmth of human nature. In the past, those government officials separated from her, as if all the mistakes were caused by themselves.
Two years later, in order to make a comeback, Indira resolutely violated the rules of her father Nehru and chose to get along with the fanatical religion.
With the help of religious forces Sikh , Indira created the image of a helpless woman persecuted by the government, successfully gained the support of the majority of the people, and was re-elected as Prime Minister of India.
Compared to her last election, Indira has become a stubborn dictator. She is unwilling to believe anyone, but only her two sons and train them to join politics.
At the same time, in order to strengthen its own rule, Indira requires all government personnel to publicly express their loyalty to themselves. As of this time, Indira's development of the national economy is not about the ability of the management institute, but their loyalty. Many loyal mediocre people have been sent to important positions.
Of course, the former partner Sikhism also made great profits. They began to expand their faith in the believers and formed open armed forces to build their own temple, Golden Temple.
However, Sikhism is ultimately a small sect, and its every move is seen by Hinduism (the largest religion in India). Hinduism has repeatedly suppressed Sikhism, and the two sides have constant conflicts and many contradictions.
Indira took the initiative to mediate the matter due to her identity, one was her own sect and the other was her own partner. Indira felt very embarrassed.
At that time, Sikhism had not yet realized the seriousness of the problem. They announced without fear that if Indira did not help suppress Hinduism, then Sikhism would have to take the northern city-state close to Pakistan to independence.
After hearing this news, Indira, who had always had a bad temper, naturally became furious. She ordered the mobilization of the army to break into the Golden Temple, the holy land of Sikhism, and killed the leaders of the Sikhism and more than 600 Sikh senior leaders.
After this incident, Sikhs hated Indira to the core, and some radical believers even threatened to assassinate her. The Indian government also suggested that Indira replace the Sikh guards around her, but Indira rejected this suggestion in order to avoid further conflict with Sikhism.
On October 31, 1984, after breakfast, Indira walked to the government building to work, but just as she was about to reach the door, she was shot in turn by two of the three Sikh guards. The two Sikh guards fired more than 30 bullets. They stopped shooting the pistols until Indira fell completely.
Then, a large number of military and police rushed over, all three Sikh guards were taken down, and Indira was rushed to the hospital. At around 2 pm, Indira died of ineffective rescue at the age of 67.
