Source: "Research and Practice of Xi Jinping's Thought on the Rule of Law" Special Issue, Issue 6, 2022 (" Democracy and Legal System " Weekly, Issue 23, 2022)
Adhere to the unity of governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue
Party Group of the China Law Society Member, Director of the Academic Committee, Deputy Director of the Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law Zhang Wenxian
Adhering to the unity of governing the party according to rules and governing the party with virtue is an important part of the new concepts, new ideas and new strategies of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core in managing the party. The content is an important manifestation of the principle of combining the rule of law and the rule of virtue in managing the party, and is a major original contribution of Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law. Governing the Party according to regulations and governing the Party by virtue complement each other, work together, and are unified in the entire process and field of managing and governing the Party.
1. The great significance of the unity of governing the party according to rules and governing the party with virtue
General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out at the sixth plenary session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection: “We have conducted in-depth research and exploration, absorbed the wisdom of the whole party, Adhere to the unity of governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue, adhere to the combination of high standards and observing the bottom line, and transform the practical results of strict governance of the party into moral norms and disciplinary requirements. "This discussion incisively reveals the governance of the party according to regulations. and the scientific connotation of governing the party with virtue and the great significance of the unity of the two.
First, adhering to the unity of governing the party according to rules and governing the party by virtue is an inevitable requirement for intra-party regulations and moral norms to complement each other. Intra-party regulations and moral norms have a positive interactive relationship. On the one hand, only if intra-party regulations are rich in moral spirit, are nourished and supported by morality, and stand on the commanding heights of morality, can they be infectious and appealing and exert the expected effect of governing the party. On the other hand, only when morality is institutionally supported and maintained by intra-party regulations, transformed into intra-party regulations, and supported by the coercive force of intra-party regulations, can it effectively play its role in evaluating and guiding the activities of party organizations and the behavior of party members. Historical experience and lessons have repeatedly told us that managing the party requires both moral enlightenment and legal constraints. In a certain sense, it can be said that intra-party regulations are heterodiscipline, moral norms are self-discipline, self-discipline is the foundation, and heterodiscipline is the backing. Only by combining self-discipline and heterodiscipline, while emphasizing moral self-discipline, can party members and cadres Only by being respectful of laws and regulations, having a bottom line in our actions, and giving full play to the irreplaceable heteronomic role of intra-party laws and regulations can we implement comprehensive and strict governance over the party. In terms of party management, governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue are inherently complementary and synergistic. Just like the organic combination of the rule of law and the rule of virtue, governing the party according to rules and governing the party by virtue are unified because they both belong to the category of "civilization". Governing the party according to rules belongs to institutional civilization, and governing the party by virtue belongs to spiritual civilization. Two civilizations The combination of the two has opened up a new situation for the Communist Party of China to govern the party and created a new form of political civilization .
Second, adhering to the unity of governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue is an inevitable requirement for comprehensively and strictly governing the party. Comprehensive and strict governance of the party inherently requires the combination of governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue. That is to say, governing the party must not only adhere to strict bottom-line standards, but also emphasize higher moral requirements. As General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, we must adhere to high standards and adhere to the bottom line. ① Governing the party in accordance with regulations is the bottom line, and governing the party with morality is the high standard. For example, intra-party disciplinary regulations are the bottom line that party members cannot touch, and putting public before private and selfless are high standards advocated by the party; Communist Party members must keep the bottom line, respect and abide by the "Party Rules and Laws", and strictly implement the party's rules and regulations. Discipline and never touch the bottom line. At the same time, we must benchmark against high standards, establish noble moral sentiments, make exemplary moral practices, and strive to lead social trends. Morality enables people to do good, and party rules prohibit evil. Under the new historical conditions, we must govern the party in accordance with regulations and strictly govern the party, be good at using laws and regulations to lock power into the cage of the system, use discipline to restrain party members and cadres, and use supervision and punishment to effectively correct mistakes; we must also use morality to In governing the party, we use the evaluation mechanism of right and wrong, truth and falsehood, good and evil, beauty and ugliness and the pressure of public opinion to prevent moral failure and suppress the occurrence of unethical phenomena and ugly behaviors. When moral force fails to prevent the occurrence of ugly behavior, the coercive force of discipline and even law is used to ban it.Comrade Deng Xiaoping once said, "Have ideals and have discipline. We must always keep these two things in mind." ② This is the truth and logic.
Third, adhering to the unity of governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue is an inevitable requirement for maintaining the advanced nature and purity of the party. The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, as well as the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. It "represents the development requirements of China's advanced productive forces, represents the direction of China's advanced culture, and represents the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people." Marxist ruling party. The nature and mission of the Communist Party of China determine that it must always remain politically advanced and morally pure, and that its members should respect and protect morality, be moral people, speak moral words, and act morally Things and moral trends. Otherwise, it will be impossible to reflect its advanced nature, maintain its purity, and show its political, economic, and cultural representativeness. This also determines that the Communist Party of China must implement the rule of law to govern the party, always maintain its advanced nature and purity, and always establish the commanding heights of morality and justice. At the same time, as a large party, the Communist Party of China has a very complex party organization, structure, and system. The exercise of the party’s power, the performance of obligations and the exercise of rights by party members, and the activities of party organizations are all inseparable from clarity, rigidity, universality, and Stable intra-party regulations and procedural guidance are in place to safeguard General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position as the Party Central Committee and the entire Party, maintain the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, and ensure that individuals obey the organization, the minority obeys the majority, subordinates obey superiors, and the whole party The Party obeys the Central Committee and maintains and continuously enhances the Party's creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness.
Fourth, the unity of governing the party according to regulations and governing the party by virtue is a creative transformation and innovative development of the excellent cultural tradition and political civilization of co-governance by virtue and law. The combination of the rule of law and the rule of virtue is an excellent cultural tradition full of political wisdom. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucianism and Legalism had a long-term dispute over the rule of virtue and the rule of law. Confucianism once advocated: "In order to govern the people, one must not be good at etiquette" ③; "If people are rude, there will be no life; if things are rude, they will not be successful; if the country is rude, there will be no peace." ④; "The way is governed by government, and the order is punished. The people are free from shame. The way is based on virtue, the rule is based on propriety, and there is shame and morality." ⑤; "Yang is virtue, yin is punishment, punishment is the main thing to kill, but virtue is the main thing to live." ⑥. The Legalists advocate: "Do not follow morality but follow law" ⑦; "Benevolence, righteousness, etiquette and joy all come from the law" ⑧. By the Han Dynasty, this contention was integrated into "prolonging rituals and emphasizing law", " virtue dominates punishment and supplements " and "governing both virtue and law", and became the orthodox core concept of governing the country in feudal society. In subsequent history, sometimes the rule of virtue was emphasized, and sometimes the rule of law was emphasized, but the vast majority advocated the use of both virtue and law. The Communist Party of China draws on China’s excellent traditional political and legal culture, puts it to good use, and proposes “the combination of governing the country by law and governing the country by virtue.” Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly discussed the legal and practical significance of adhering to the combination of governing the country by law and governing the country by virtue, and regarded "adhering to the combination of governing the country by law and governing the country by virtue" as Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Rule of Law It is one of the basic principles that must be adhered to in the new era and is an important part of the basic strategy of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era of "adhering to comprehensive governance of the country according to law." General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Law is written morality, and morality is the inner law. Both law and morality have the role of regulating social behavior, regulating social relations, and maintaining social order, and both have their own status and functions in national governance. Law security The rule of law and the rule of morality cannot be separated and cannot be neglected. National governance requires the coordinated efforts of law and morality. It must be followed at all times; morality is the cornerstone and cannot be ignored at any time. Under the new historical conditions, we must implement the basic strategy of governing the country according to the law and the basic methods of governing the country according to the law, and build a Chinese nation under the rule of law. We must persist in governing the country according to the law. Combined with governing the country by virtue, the rule of law and the rule of virtue can complement, promote and complement each other in national governance, and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.”⑨These profound expositions are a creative transformation of the wisdom of ancient Chinese governance and an innovative development of China’s political and legal civilization. Extending these profound theories and governance wisdom to party building and party management has formed the New concepts, new ideas and new strategies that combine governing the Party by rules and governing the Party by virtue
2. The main path of integrating governing the Party by rules and governing the Party by virtue
"Rules" of governing the Party by regulations broadly refers to "rules". The party's organizations at all levels and all party members must abide by the behavioral norms and rules." General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "What do the party's rules generally include? First, the Party Constitution is the general charter and general rules that the entire party must follow. Second, party discipline is a rigid constraint, and political discipline is a rigid constraint that the entire party must abide by in terms of political direction, political stance, political speech, and political actions. Third, national laws are rules that party members and cadres must abide by. Laws are formulated by the people under the leadership of the party and must be implemented by the entire party in an exemplary manner. Fourth, the party’s fine traditions and work practices have been formed through long-term practice. ”⑩ In a narrow sense, it mainly refers to the intra-party regulations formulated by the party organization with the power to formulate intra-party regulations, including the " Constitution of the Communist Party of China ", the central intra-party regulations formulated by the Party Central Committee, and the regulations formulated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and various central departments. Intra-party regulations of ministries and commissions, local intra-party regulations formulated by provincial-level party committees, and local intra-party regulations formulated by party committees of sub-provincial cities and provincial capital cities authorized by the Party Central Committee. The core of the "morality" of governing the party by virtue is General Xi Jinping. The secretary scientifically summed up the great party-building spirit of "adhering to the truth, adhering to ideals, fulfilling the original intention, fulfilling the mission, not being afraid of sacrifice, fighting bravely, being loyal to the party and living up to the people" at the conference celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, as well as the great party-building spirit The spiritual pedigree of the Chinese Communists, the core values of socialism, and China’s excellent moral culture, which originate from the spirit, etc.
In the above sense, the main paths to the unity of governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with morality include:
First, promote greatness. The spirit of party building. A hundred years ago, the pioneers of the Communist Party of China founded the Communist Party of China and formed the great spirit of party building. This is the spiritual source of the Communist Party of China. For a hundred years, the party has adhered to its nature and purpose, adhered to its ideals and beliefs, and adhered to its original mission. , have the courage to self-revolution, withstand various risks and tests and make great sacrifices in life-and-death struggles and arduous struggles, forming a spiritual pedigree originating from the great party-building spirit, the Jinggangshan Spirit, the Long March Spirit, Zunyi Conference spirit , Yan'an spirit, Xibaipo spirit , Hongyan spirit , the spirit of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, the "two bombs and one satellite" spirit, the special zone spirit, the flood fighting spirit, the earthquake relief spirit, the anti-epidemic spirit, etc. are the pearls in this pedigree. Over the years, the Communist Party of China has carried forward the great spirit of party building, built the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists in the long-term struggle, tempered its distinctive political character, and maintained the party's advanced nature and purity as well as the great spirit of party building as its source. The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists is not only an important basis for governing the party with virtue, but also an important support for governing the party according to regulations. In the new era of comprehensively governing the country according to law and comprehensively and strictly governing the party, we carry forward the great spirit of party building and integrate the great spirit of party building with the party. The spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China has been integrated into the party's legal system and the national legal system, so that the legal and regulatory system is full of the spiritual blood of the Communist Party of China, ensuring "good governance" and "good governance" with "good rules" and "good laws", and achieving the goal of governing the country according to law and The organic unity of governing the party according to regulations, governing the party according to regulations, and governing the party with virtue.
Second, cultivate and practice the core socialist values. The core socialist values are a concentrated expression of the spirit of contemporary China and embody the common values of all people. Pursuing. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated: “We must focus on cultivating new people of the era who take on the responsibility of national rejuvenation, strengthen educational guidance, practical training, and institutional guarantees, and give full play to the socialist core values to national education, spiritual civilization creation, and spiritual development. The leading role of the creation, production and dissemination of cultural products integrates socialist core values into all aspects of social development and transforms them into people's emotional identity and behavioral habits."The amendment to the Party Constitution adopted by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly requires strengthening the construction of the core socialist value system, adhering to the guiding ideology of Marxism, establishing the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and carrying forward the national culture with patriotism as the core. spirit and the spirit of the times with reform and innovation as the core, and cultivate and practice the core socialist values. Therefore, whether the party is governed by rules or governed by virtue, the core socialist values must be implemented and integrated into the party. regulations, make intra-party regulations an important carrier of socialist core values, enhance the intrinsic value of intra-party regulations, and make them the basic compliance for all party members and party organizations to practice the core socialist values. Values serve as the starting point to promote the organic unity of governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue.
Third, attach great importance to the common basic role of ideals and beliefs in governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue. The report pointed out: "We must make firm ideals and beliefs the primary task of the party's ideological construction, educate and guide the whole party to keep in mind the party's purpose, stand up the spiritual backbone of communists, and solve the 'master switch' of world outlook, outlook on life, and values." issues, and consciously be a firm believer and faithful practitioner of the lofty ideals of communism and the common ideals of socialism with Chinese characteristics. "Strengthening ideals and beliefs is the key to comprehensively and strictly governing the party. The reason why the Chinese Communist Party has advanced nature and combat effectiveness, and is able to overcome various difficulties and obstacles and move from victory to victory, is first of all because the party and its members have lofty ideals and beliefs. In Amid the great changes unseen in a century, the Communist Party of China must overcome various risks and challenges and comprehensively build a modern and powerful socialist country. It must put more emphasis on firming up communist ideals and beliefs and adhering to the spiritual pursuits of communists. The party must also govern the party in accordance with regulations. and the spiritual bond of governing the party with virtue. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Insisting that the party must manage the party and govern the party strictly...all Communist Party members, especially the party’s leading cadres, must strengthen their ideals and beliefs” ⑪. Ideals and beliefs and adhering to the spiritual pursuit of Communists have always been the foundation for Communists to settle down and live their lives. Belief in Marxism, socialism and communism is the political soul of Communists and the spiritual pillar for Communists to withstand any test. "⑫ vividly said, "Ideals and beliefs are the spiritual 'calcium' of Communists. If Communists do not have ideals and beliefs, they will be spiritually 'calcium deficient' and will suffer from 'rickets', which will inevitably lead to political deterioration and economic deterioration. greed, moral depravity, and life corruption. ”⑬Only by cultivating the “indestructible body” with ideals and beliefs, party members and cadres can “take responsibility for morality and not be deceived by material things”, have a clear-cut stand in the face of major right and wrong, be fearless in the face of wind and waves, dare to fight at critical moments, and be good at it. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: “The decline of a political party often begins with the loss or absence of ideals and beliefs. Whether our party is strong depends not only on whether the entire party is firm in its ideals and beliefs, but also on whether every party member is firm on its ideals and beliefs. "⑭ The cultivation of ideals and beliefs must first be armed with scientific theories and rely on unremitting ideological education, but this alone is not enough. It must also be supported by party rules and disciplines, and requires the guidance, norms and guarantees of party rules and party disciplines. Therefore, it must be While theoretically arming and cultivating the party, we should also focus on declaring and embodying the ideals and beliefs of the Communist Party of China through intra-party laws and regulations, and supporting the leading role of ideals, beliefs and moral sentiments with normative restraint and disciplinary punishment.
Fourth, the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. The fundamental purpose of the Communist Party of China is to govern the party in accordance with regulations and to serve the people wholeheartedly. The Constitution of the Communist Party of China stipulates that "the party has no special interests of its own except the interests of the working class and the overwhelming majority of the people." The party puts the interests of the people first at all times, shares weal and woe with the people, and maintains the closest ties" and "persists in serving the people wholeheartedly." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has more clearly stated that "people-centered" ” governance philosophy.General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "To seek happiness for the Chinese people and seek rejuvenation for the Chinese nation is the original intention and mission of the Chinese Communists, as well as the original intention and mission of reform and opening up. Our party comes from the people, takes root in the people, and benefits the people wholeheartedly. Serving the people is the party's fundamental purpose. We must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the fundamental starting point and goal of all our work, and insist on taking the people's support or disapproval, approval or displeasure, and happiness or displeasure as the basis for formulating policies, complying with the people's will, and Respect public opinion, pay attention to people's sentiments, and devote themselves to people's livelihood. We not only lead the people forward by proposing and implementing correct theories, lines, principles, and policies, but also gain motivation from the people's practical creation and development requirements, so that the people can share the fruits of reform and opening up, and encourage the people to be more conscious Dedicate ourselves to the cause of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. "We must always regard the people's yearning for a better life as our goal, practice the party's fundamental purpose, implement the party's mass line, respect the people's dominant position, and respect the people. The will expressed, the experience created, the rights held, and the role played by the masses in practical activities fully stimulate the creative power contained in the people. We must improve the democratic system, broaden democratic channels, enrich democratic forms, and We will improve the protection of the rule of law and ensure that people enjoy extensive, sufficient, real, concrete, and effective democratic rights in accordance with the law. We must focus on solving the urgent needs and expectations of the people and allow the people to share the fruits of economic, political, cultural, social, ecological and other development. There will be a more, more direct, and more real sense of gain, happiness, and security, and we will continue to promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people.”⑮In governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue, we must keep in mind the wholehearted service to the people. We must adhere to the purpose and belief of service, uphold the people-centered governance concept, adhere to "people first", consciously serve the people, be responsible to the people, and consciously accept people's supervision as the highest criterion of behavior. We must make the greatest efforts to solve formalism, We must address the problems of bureaucracy, laziness, indolence, and negativity and corruption, and ensure that the party is always connected with the people, breathing the same breath, and sharing the same destiny.
Fifth, we must use the fine traditions and the Party’s fine style of work in the new era to unify governing the Party according to regulations and governing the Party with virtue. In the long-term revolutionary practice, the Communist Party of China has formed fine traditions such as integrating theory with practice, close contact with the masses, criticism and self-criticism. It symbolizes the Party’s fine style of work in the new era. The fine traditions and the Party's fine style of work in the new era are related to the Party's strong leadership, the prosperity of the Party's cause, and the Party's survival. We must inherit, carry forward and innovate the fine traditions and the party's fine style of work in the new era in the combination of governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue, pay close attention to the construction of work style and the construction of party style, and integrate the construction of work style and party style with the form of opposition. The struggle against doctrine, bureaucracy, hedonism , and extravagance is closely integrated with the fight against corruption. We must, as General Secretary Xi Jinping requires, “persist and persevere, and work hard to improve the style of work to the end... We must use iron discipline to rectify all kinds of violations of disciplines... Deal with as many as there are. In order to work hard to improve the style of work, we need to return to our original nature, "Consolidate the foundation and cultivate the talent" ⑯.
Sixth, lead cadres should set an example to practice the unity of governing the party according to rules and governing the party with virtue. Whether we are governing the Party according to rules or governing the Party by virtue, we must base ourselves on the "majority" and focus on the "key minority." Lead. The "key minority" are party members and leading cadres at all levels. They specifically exercise the party's ruling power and the country's legislative, administrative, supervisory and judicial power. They are the key to comprehensively and strictly governing the party and comprehensively governing the country according to law. If they take the lead in respecting Party discipline, respecting Party discipline, abiding by the law, and defending Party discipline, thinking about problems, making decisions, and doing things under Party discipline, not outside Party discipline, let alone above Party discipline, and earnestly abide by rules and attach importance to procedures, By consciously accepting supervision, party rules and disciplines will have their authority and dignity, and can be effectively implemented throughout the party.If they seek truth and respect goodness, have noble sentiments, be strict with self-cultivation, use of power, and be strict with self-discipline, be practical in seeking facts, start a business, and be honest in life, be honest and self-cultivation, and be honest in running their families, they will be able to set an example for the whole party and society. power, produce huge charisma and far-reaching influence, and create a clean and upright inner-party life and social environment. To this end, awareness of laws and regulations must be strengthened. It is necessary to continue to carry out publicity and education on the Party Constitution and intra-Party laws and regulations throughout the Party, and guide the majority of Party members and cadres to firmly establish awareness of the rule of law, system awareness, and discipline awareness, understand laws and disciplines, understand rules, know reverence, and be cautious, and form a system that respects the system, abides by the system, and Defend the good atmosphere of the system. We must give full play to the exemplary and leading role of the "key minority" of leading cadres. No matter how high their positions are, how senior they are, or how great their contributions are, leading cadres must strictly abide by laws and regulations, insist that everyone is equal before laws and regulations, that there are no privileges in complying with laws and regulations, and that there are no exceptions in enforcing laws and regulations. The more leading cadres, and the more important leading cadres are, the more they must consciously enhance their awareness of laws and regulations, lead by example, and lead from above. In particular, they must be good at planning things according to laws and regulations, managing people according to laws and regulations, using power according to laws and regulations, and consciously safeguarding laws and regulations. Seriousness and authority. ⑰
3. Solidly promote the unification of governing the Party according to rules and governing the Party by virtue
The theoretical proposition and party governance strategy of “unity governing the Party according to regulations and governing the Party by virtue” are an epoch-making embodiment of the scientific method of Xi Jinping’s thought on the rule of law and have distinct Political, normative and practical. It is necessary to adhere to the organic unity of the two and achieve coordinated advancement and integrated construction.
First, we must adhere to the combination of ideological party building and institutional party governance. The unity of governing the Party according to regulations and governing the Party by virtue is the essence of the combination of ideological Party building and institutional Party building. At the beginning of its founding, the Communist Party of China proposed to arm the entire party with Marxism-Leninism in the form of a party program, formulated a party constitution, and explored ideological party building and institutional party governance. In the 1950s, Comrade Deng Xiaoping proposed at the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "In addition to strengthening the ideological education of party members, the party should also... make appropriate provisions on the national system and the party system so that the party's Organizations and party members implement strict supervision." ⑱ Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has summarized the thoughts and experience of the Communist Party of China in party management over the past century, and proposed that "adhere to the close integration of ideological party building and institutional party governance," and pointed out: " Ideological education must be carried out in conjunction with the implementation of institutional regulations, grasp the main contradictions, and do not engage in empty-handedness. The process of strengthening the party's governance through institutions must be a process of strengthening ideological party building, and the process of strengthening ideological party building must also be a process of strengthening institutional party governance. Process." ⑲ This important exposition profoundly expounds the dialectical relationship between ideological party building and institutional party governance, profoundly reveals the important rules for comprehensively and strictly governing the party under the new situation, and points out the important starting point for party management. Ideological party building is the foundation of Marxist political party building, and it is also a fine tradition of party building. The Communist Party of China has grown from small to large, from weak to strong, from partial governance in base areas and liberated areas to long-term governance in New China, relying on Marxism and Marxism educate and arm ourselves with the theoretical achievements of the Sinicization of doctrine. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party has adhered to ideological Party building and institutional Party governance and worked in the same direction. It has successively carried out the Party's mass line education and practice activities, "strict self-cultivation, strict use of power, strict self-discipline, and must be pragmatic in planning, starting a business, and Special education on "Being Practical", "Learning the Party Constitution and Rules, Studying the Series of Speeches, and Becoming a Qualified Party Member", "Remaining True to the Original Intention and Keeping the Mission in Mind" theme education, Party History Education, etc., arm the whole party with the Party's innovative theories, Promote the construction of a learning-oriented political party, educate and guide party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, to rectify and strengthen their roots ideologically, build a solid foundation of faith, replenish spiritual calcium, stabilize the rudder of thought, and maintain the political nature of communists , straighten the spiritual backbone of the Communists. However, the Party’s historical experience and lessons also fully demonstrate that it is not enough to build the Party based on ideas and arm it with theory. Comprehensively and strictly administering the Party must be guaranteed by institutional governance. System construction runs through the party's political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, style construction, and discipline construction.As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Adhere to the close integration of ideological party building and institutional party governance. Strictly governing the party relies on education and also relies on the system. One is soft and the other is strong. They must work in the same direction and at the same time." ⑳ Thoughts Party building needs to be governed by systems as a guarantee, and party governance by systems must be based on ideological party building. Regulations and systems strengthen the effectiveness of ideological education, and ideological education supports the implementation of laws and regulations.
Second, we must adhere to both internal and external repairs and treat both the symptoms and root causes. The Party Constitution clearly stipulates that "adhere to governing the Party in accordance with regulations and addressing both the symptoms and root causes." The key to managing and governing the Party is to address both the symptoms and the root causes, "clear the system beforehand, and emphasize punishment after punishment" ㉑, giving full play to the two advantages of ideological education and institutional restraint, locking desires into a cage of self-discipline, be honest and do things cleanly , act openly and honestly, and fundamentally reduce the occurrence of negative corruption. "Treating both the symptoms and the root causes" does not mean that governing the party according to rules can only solve superficial external behavioral problems, but governing the party with virtue can fundamentally solve internal ideological problems. In fact, they all have the function of treating both the symptoms and the root causes, and each has its own emphasis on this premise. On the issue of party style and clean government, our goal is to "dare not be corrupt, not be able to be corrupt, and not want to be corrupt." The key point in governing the party according to regulations is to achieve the effect of "dare not dare to be corrupt" and "not be able to be corrupt." "corruption", so as to achieve the good effect of treating both the symptoms and root causes, repairing both internal and external problems, and achieving the goal of comprehensively and strictly governing the party.
Third, we must adhere to the combination of "keeping the bottom line" in governing the party according to regulations and "high standards" in governing the party with virtue. To coordinate the promotion of governing the Party according to regulations and governing the Party with virtue, an important and methodologically significant approach is to set minimum behavioral standards that Party members and Party organizations must meet, that is, "bottom-line standards"; at the same time, Party members and Party organizations are required to Organizations, especially party members and leading cadres, should behave to higher moral standards and align themselves with moral models and pioneers, that is, "high-line standards." In terms of intra-party laws and regulations and the party's ethics, intra-party regulations can be described as the "bottom line standard", while the party's ethics is the "high line standard." In managing and governing the party, we must set up insurmountable bottom-line standards to ensure that we build the party for the public, govern for the people, conduct politics with integrity, use power fairly, prohibit abuse of power, malpractice for personal gains, corruption and perversion of the law, and maintain the party's overall leadership and long-term governance credibility. At the same time, it is also necessary to establish higher standards, especially moral standards, to consolidate and develop the party's advanced nature and purity. Of course, governing the Party in accordance with regulations and governing the Party by virtue should also adhere to the scientific spirit, seek truth from facts, be truthful and pragmatic, and maintain and develop the Party's advanced nature and purity.
Fourth, insist on promoting morality through intra-party laws and regulations and nourishing intra-party laws and regulations with morality. The relationship between law and morality, and the rule of law and the rule of virtue is a permanent topic in the history of Chinese and foreign legal studies. General Secretary Xi Jinping brilliantly elaborated on the dialectical relationship between the two, pointing out: "Both law and morality have the function of regulating social behavior and maintaining social order. To govern the country and govern society, we must focus on the rule of law with one hand and the rule of morality with the other. To give full play to the normative role of law, we should also pay attention to the enlightenment role of morality, so that law and morality complement each other, and the rule of law and the rule of morality complement each other. "To give full play to the normative role of law, we must use the rule of law to embody moral concepts and strengthen the role of law in promoting moral construction. On the one hand, morality is the basis of law. Only laws that are ethical and have a profound moral foundation can be consciously followed by more people. On the other hand, law is the guarantee of morality and can regulate people's behavior and punish violations. Behaviors should be used to guide moral trends. We should pay attention to transforming some basic moral norms into legal norms, so that laws and regulations can more reflect moral concepts and humanistic care, strengthen the moral role, ensure the moral bottom line, and promote the improvement of the moral quality of the whole society through the coercive power of the law. "To give full play to the educational role of good morality, we must nourish the spirit of the rule of law and strengthen the supporting role of morality in the rule of law culture. No matter how good the law is, it must be transformed into people's inner consciousness before it can be truly followed by people." , doing everything. 'Without moral nourishment, the culture of the rule of law will lack the source of living water, and the implementation of the law will lack a solid social foundation.In the process of promoting the rule of law, we must vigorously promote the core socialist values, promote traditional Chinese virtues, cultivate social morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal morality, improve the ideological and moral level of the entire nation, and create a good humanistic environment for the rule of law. ”㉒ These profound expositions by General Secretary Xi Jinping are fully applicable to governing the party according to rules and governing the party with virtue, allowing us to more accurately grasp the mutually reinforcing relationship between intra-party regulations and moral norms, and more scientifically coordinate the promotion of governing the party according to rules and governing the party with virtue. To govern the party, the organic combination of governing the party according to rules and governing the party with virtue is used to promote the realization of "good governance".
Fifth, the cultivation of party spirit is the overall focus to promote the unity of governing the party according to rules and governing the party with virtue. It is a concentrated expression of the nature, purpose, mission and style of the Party. The general starting point for governing the party according to regulations and governing the party with virtue is to strengthen the party spirit through laws and regulations and ideological and moral aspects, not forgetting the original intention of the Communist Party, keeping in mind the mission of the Communist Party, and always adhering to it. The purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. Party spirit cultivation at the institutional level is mainly political cultivation, institutional cultivation, and legal discipline cultivation, cultivating political thinking, political thinking, legal thinking, and legal thinking, and enhancing political awareness, overall situation awareness, and core awareness. and are in line with the consciousness of , firmly support " two establish ", and always strive to resolutely safeguard the core status of General Secretary Xi Jinping's Party Central Committee and the core position of the entire party, resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, be political and abide by Discipline and respect for rules. Ideological and moral cultivation is mainly to "educate and guide party members and cadres... to be virtuous, strict with public ethics, abide by private ethics, pay attention to character, integrity, and cultivate their character" ㉓. and purpose, strengthen humanities, character and moral cultivation, strengthen confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and always adhere to ethics, integrity and strong party spirit
adhere to the rule of law and party governance. The unity of the party under the rule of virtue is the original theoretical contribution and epoch-making practical creation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law. It is an important starting point for comprehensively and strictly governing the party in the new era. It has been verified by time and practice. On the new journey, we must always adhere to the unity of governing the Party according to regulations and governing the Party by virtue, and constantly innovate the paths and mechanisms for realizing the unity of the two, so as to govern the Party according to regulations and govern by virtue. The remarkable effectiveness of the party, system-based party governance and ideological party building provide a more solid and powerful political guarantee for realizing the second centenary goal and realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Note:
① See Xi Jinping: "In the Tenth Century. "Speech at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Commission for Discipline Inspection" (January 12, 2016), published in " People's Daily ", May 3, 2016, page 2
② "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" Volume 3. , People's Publishing House 1993 edition, page 112.
③ "The Classic of Filial Piety·Guangyao Dao".
④ "Xunzi·Cultivation of the Self".
⑤ "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng".
⑥ "Book of Han·Biography of Dong Zhongshu".
⑦ "Han Feizi Xian Xue".
⑧ "Guan Zi·Ren Fa".
⑨ Xi Jinping: "Insisting on the Combination of Rule of Law and Rule of Virtue" (December 9, 2016), in the second volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China", Foreign Languages Press, 2017 edition, page 133.
⑩ Xi Jinping: "Strengthen the construction of discipline and place the observance of discipline and rules in a more important position" (January 13, 2015), compiled by the Documentation Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "Selected Important Documents Since the 18th National Congress" (Part 2), Central Committee Literature Press 2016 edition, page 347.
⑪ Xi Jinping: "Speech at the First Session of the 12th National People's Congress" (March 17, 2013), in the first volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China", Foreign Languages Press, 2018 edition, No. 43 Page.
⑫ Xi Jinping: "Study, publicize and implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China with a focus on upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics" (November 17, 2012), in the first volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China", Foreign Languages Press, 2018 edition , page 15.
⑬ "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party's Centenary Struggle", People's Publishing House, 2021 edition, page 31.
⑭ Xi Jinping: "Don't forget the original intention and keep moving forward" (July 1, 2016), in the second volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China", Foreign Languages Press, 2017 edition, pp. 34-35.
⑮ Xi Jinping: "Speech at the Conference to Celebrate the 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening Up" (December 18, 2018), published in "People's Daily", December 19, 2018, page 2.
⑯ Xi Jinping: "Unswervingly Promote the Construction of Party Conduct and Clean Government and the Fight against Corruption" (January 12, 2016), in the second volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China", Foreign Languages Press, 2017 edition, page 165.
⑰ See Xi Jinping: "Enforcement of Anti-corruption Laws and Regulations" (June 26, 2015), Xi Jinping: "On Adhering to Comprehensive Rule of Law", Central Literature Publishing House, 2020 edition, page 155.
⑱ "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" Volume 1, People's Publishing House, 1994 edition, page 215.
⑲ Xi Jinping: "Speech at the Summary Conference of the Party's Mass Line Education and Practice Activities" (October 8, 2014), published in "People's Daily", October 9, 2014, page 2.
⑳ Xi Jinping: "Speech at the Summary Conference of the Party's Mass Line Education and Practice Activities" (October 8, 2014), published in "People's Daily", October 9, 2014, page 2.
㉑ Xi Jinping: "Speech at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection" (January 13, 2015), published in "Xi Jinping on Party Strictness" compiled by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China and the Documentation Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. "Excerpts of Discipline and Rules", Central Literature Publishing House, China Founder Publishing House, 2016 edition, page 85.
㉒ Xi Jinping: "Accelerating the Construction of a Socialist Country Ruled by Law" (October 23, 2014), in the second volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China", Foreign Languages Press, 2017 edition, pp. 116-117.
㉓ Xi Jinping: "Serious Inner-Party Political Life" (October 27, 2016), in the second volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China", Foreign Languages Press, 2017 edition, page 181.
Editor: Di Lei Lu Jiaqi
