In today's world, there are still more than 20 countries that retain the royal family, that is, the "kingdom". Among them are the British royal family, the symbolic spiritual leader of the country, and the Thai king Maha , who is in control of life and death.
Generally speaking, if the royal family holds power and inherits hereditary inheritance, it is very detrimental to democracy. Therefore, some countries will check each other through multiple royal families to prevent excessive concentration of power.
For example, United Arab Emirates , there are seven royal families in Arabia, representing different tribes and powers, and they collectively hold the highest power.
But Malaysia is different from these countries. The royal family of Malaysia is called the most special and weird in the world. Because Malaysia has 9 royal families, they take turns to be the kings of the country.
01 The nine kings take turns as the head of state, the real situation is very embarrassing
The entire country of Malaysia can be divided into thirteen parts, including nine autonomous states and four municipalities. Local leaders in the municipality are not qualified to become the royal family, and they are generally vassal forces supported by the royal family.
But the autonomous state of Malaysia is the place under the rule of various "sultans". The royal family represented by the Sudan is hereditary in the state and has the highest authority.
Of course, if only these are mentioned, then the royal family of Malaysia is nothing unusual. But these 9 sultans can form the highest-level conference group in Malaysia: the ruler conference.
Every 5 years, 9 Sudanese get together,A sultan was elected from among them as the head of state, the king. But based on the operation of power and mutual constraints, generally speaking, the identity of this head of state is implemented in rotation in 9 states.
Due to the existence of the rotation system, Malaysia’s heads of state are not re-elected. They can complete a round every about half a century, and the heads of state who successfully run for each time will lose the right to run again before the lap is over.
The conditions for the rotation of the head of state in Sudan are also very simple. It does not depend on ability and is implemented according to seniority. In other words, the longer you stay, the higher your chances of becoming a head of state. If you are the youngest among them, you may have to "guarantee the bottom", and you can only be a head of state once in a few decades.
Sultan has become the head of state, and sometimes he will be too busy to take care of the "housekeeping" that originally belonged to his state. Therefore, the head of state generally chooses a regent in his own state to act as his representative in the state's affairs. This "king" is usually his own cronies, or members of the royal family, who can only act on behalf of major matters and have no right to make decisions.
From independence to today, Malaysia has gone through 15 rotations of heads of state, and there has not been much power conflict during this period. In fact, the reason for is that the power of the head of state has been cut and cut again and again, until it finally becomes a dispensable thing.
From the perspective of real power, there is not much difference between being the head of state and the original autonomous state Sudan, so the Sudanese do not take it seriously. If you have it, you can experience it. It's not bad to be your own mountain king without it.
Even if the head of state wants to have the addiction of being "superior", there is still a meeting of rulers. The Constitution of Malaysia stipulates that the head of state must not make a privileged decision without the consent of the meeting of rulers. means,Even if you are in your turn, whether you can do something or not depends on the attitude of the remaining eight of us.
In this way, the head of state of Malaysia only has the highest power in form, but in reality, he cannot squander like the king of Thailand. So where is the power of Malaysia?
02 The continuous evolution of the power of the head of state in Malaysia
Malaysia's cabinet is different from the United Kingdom, and their cabinet is actually the highest organ of the government, which means that the cabinet is the government. The ruler of the cabinet is also the prime minister. The prime minister is usually a member of the House of Commons, who actually controls the entire country.
Therefore, from a practical point of view, the prime minister has more real power than the head of state. But the state prime minister of each state is hard to say, they are generally suppressed severely by the sultans of the states.
In fact, at the beginning, according to the Malaysian National Constitution in the 1960s, the head of state concurrently served as the triple leader of religion, politics and military in the country, integrating the highest powers of legislation, administration, and justice. , Can be described as above ten thousand people.
However, with the continuous evolution and transition of politics, the Malaysian Parliament realized that the power of the head of state was over-magnified, and the contradictions between Sudan became more and more unadjustable.
Therefore, after several constitutional amendments, the power of the head of state has gradually diminished, and the central government has been given more and more control rights, and the head of state must conduct official duties under the guidance of the government in accordance with the constitution.
However, the Constitution does not abolish the power and responsibility of the head of state to appoint the prime minister.In other words, must find a prime minister himself, and follow the prime minister's arrangements in his political career. This really made the identity of the head of state a bit embarrassing, and it also seemed very tasteless.
In recent years, the identity of the head of state of Malaysia has not changed and he is still the highest leader in the country, but the actual power has been different. It has almost become a symbol of etiquette, and can only engage in diplomacy under the direction of the government every day.
The original head of state was very capable, because the head of state had legal immunity and was able to pardon others. Such a gold medal for immunity from death would naturally have a different status.
But with the adjustment of the constitution, this card was also taken away, and the head of state became less and less uninterested.
What makes the head of state feel dispensable most is that a legal proposal is passed from the parliament to the head of state. If the head of state does not approve it within half a month, the proposal will automatically take effect.
If objected or rejected, the parliament can raise it again and cannot reject it.
For Sudan, he is the boss in his own territory, but after becoming the head of state, he will be subject to many restrictions. This head of state is still inappropriate and they will not care too much.
03 The history of state autonomy has created the status quo of rotation in power
Malaysia’s outrageous royal tradition is closely related to the country’s history.
Malaysian history was once invaded and occupied by two countries. The first was Britain, which turned Malaysia into its own colony. The second one is Japan,Japan occupied Malaysia during World War II.
In order to resist the Japanese aggression, Malaysia and the British army joined forces. After several years of hard work, they finally expelled the Japanese army. After Japan surrendered, Malaysia directed its anti-colonial spearhead at Britain.
At first, Malaysia forced the British colonial government through some milder methods of resistance such as suspension of work and production. However, in a riot, several Europeans were killed, and the British government tried to extinguish the flames of Malaysians by means of armed suppression, and the two sides started a real battle.
The British colonial government was so powerful that the Malaysian revolutionaries could not completely overthrow it. This war lasted for more than ten years and ended in failure.
However, the British government made certain compromises and concessions to Malaysia. The eleven states and two autonomous states of Malaysia were granted autonomy together with Singapore. formed a new country: Malaysia .
Singapore later withdrew from Malaysia, so this country became what it is today. In other words, each state in Malaysia has not won the right to independence, but only has the right to autonomy, and it is difficult to form a new unified country.
Moreover, under the intervention of the United Kingdom, the states of Malaysia are not evenly aligned, and it is difficult to unite. Therefore, the coexistence of the nine kings, taking turns to rule has become the optimal solution between the states, Malaysia and the United Kingdom.
Malaysia, which has a late autonomy and is deeply influenced by the United Kingdom,It has a completely different economic model from ordinary small Asian countries. Malaysia also attaches great importance to economic development. It is a sparsely populated but very developed country.
04 Malaysia: a country that values economy and people's livelihood
As early as the 1950s, Malaysia put forward the "Five-Year Plan".
Since Malaysia’s head of state, prime minister and other important leaders have also changed in five years, it is better to make every five-year plan to the extreme. But it also caused problems of poor convergence and contradictions.
Malaysia’s economic model is also very open. The Strait of Malacca is an important gateway for the state of Malacca, and it is also the only way for a large part of the world's trade, especially the maritime trade between Europe and Asia.
By the Strait of Malacca, Malaysia's transportation and industry are very developed. Malaysia's development momentum was very fierce, and it was one of the "Asian Tigers" second only to the "Asian Tigers". However, after experiencing the financial crisis at the end of the 20th century, Malaysia’s economic growth rate has gradually slowed down, even stagnated, and has fallen into a middle-income trap.
However, the Malaysian government mistakenly believed that the international economy passed on to itself through the economic crisis, so it adopted a closed economic policy and reduced trade with the outside world. The trade protection made Malaysia miss the golden period of the early 21st century, and the prosperity it once was.
Fortunately, Malaysia adjusted its strategy in time and launched a series of large-scale economic plans to continuously stimulate economic progress and transformation and inject new vitality into the national economic ecology. Malaysia relies on the four pillars of the economy: palm oil , natural gas, manufacturing and tourism,It has been in a super position for many years in a row.
Today, Kuala Lumpur has become a well-known stock exchange in Asia and the world thanks to its excellent and stable economic environment, and it is developing well.
The local unemployment rate and inflation rate are very low, which also means that economic development can obtain long-term stability. This is closely related to the Malaysian government's proactive economic policy.
Among the four pillars, it is important to emphasize that Malaysia’s tourism industry is very developed and is an important source of national economic income. Malaysia’s tourism industry receives nearly 30 million visitors every year, of which about one-third is the support sent by neighboring Singapore. In addition, neighboring countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and China are also important customers.
Relying on its unique history, cultural traditions and natural scenery, Malaysia has countless high-quality tourism resources, including modern, ancient, beautiful, and weird styles. In addition, the Malaysian government's policy on tourist visas is very relaxed, and the transportation is also developed and convenient, which creates excellent conditions for the tourism industry.
Economic development is booming, and Malaysia has made great achievements in social and people's livelihood.
Malaysia’s primary school enrollment rate has reached more than 70%. Although not too high, it is also among the forefront of Asian countries. Malaysia’s primary education is still dominated by Malay. After the middle school, there will be Chinese teaching. The primary and secondary schools have a total of 11 years. After completing the courses, you can go to colleges through the pre-university classes.
In terms of medical care, Malaysia is undoubtedly a global leader. With a total population of more than 1 million and 50,000 doctors, medical subsidies and policies to benefit the people are very effective, coupled with a unique climate environment,Very conducive to postoperative recovery. Patients from many countries in the world like to travel to Malaysia for treatment and recovery.
Malaysia’s neighboring country Singapore is one of the rare developed countries in Asia, and Singapore has always been the focus of Western investment in Asia. As Singapore's investment has become saturated in recent years and its development has gradually slowed down, Malaysia has succeeded Singapore as the target of capital inflow.
This is not very surprising, because the conditions in Malaysia are also good. In addition to the favorable policy environment and good economic development, Malaysia has an advantage that Singapore does not have: cheap.
Malaysia’s service industry accounts for more than three-fifths of the total working population, and labor costs are much lower than those of developed countries. China, which used to attract investment by labor resources, has also been transforming in recent years, allowing neighboring countries to undertake transfers. chance. Malaysia is one of the beneficiaries.
House prices in Malaysia are also very cheap, even at the same level as many ordinary poor countries. This investor's firm foothold provided the convenience of a large land, and also saved a lot of expenses, which can be saved to help the industry.
Malaysia attaches great importance to cooperation with neighboring countries and maintaining an equal and peaceful perspective on international issues, so there are not too many rival countries in diplomacy.
The relationship between China and Malaysia has been good. Although it has not reached a very good level, it has never declined. In the final analysis, it is because of the many exchanges between the two countries.
Not only Chinese tourists like to travel, work and live in Malaysia,Malaysians are also keen to make friends with Chinese people. There are many Malaysians who can speak Chinese.
Five heads of state and four prime ministers of Malaysia have also visited China in the past 20 years to express friendly relations with China. The interests of the two countries are many in common, and the direction of their efforts is basically the same. There is bound to be a lot to do in future cooperation.
As a secular country dominated by religion, the power of Sudan is also limited to the religious realm, which has little influence on the states.
Therefore, no matter how the nine royal families in Malaysia toss, Malaysia will not be affected too much, and it will be able to maintain a good posture and move forward steadily.
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