Today is Thursday, Meow Doctor met you again~ Speaking of one of the most terrifying diseases of cats, there must be cats passing the belly. However, many people do not have a correct understanding of this disease. Today, I will give you a popular science on this cat's belly.
Cat infectious peritonitis [FIP], also known as feline coronavirus disease, is a multi-system vasculitis of cats and cats caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (mutated coronavirus).
The term "feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)" is actually a wrong name, because many sick cats do not have peritonitis.
FIP is divided into two types, exudative and non-exudative, but in the actual pathological process, the two are not so clearly distinguished. In the final analysis, their pathological development process is based on purulent granulomatous vasculitis. The clinical manifestations and lesions that can be seen in the clinic are all related to organ damage caused by vasculitis and vascular injury.
In exudative FIP, a large number of vascular diseases lead to the exudation of liquid and the exudation of plasma protein. In non-exudative FIP, the manifestation of clinical symptoms depends on the type of organs affected by the purulent granuloma.
Cat infectious peritonitis has a very high mortality rate, and there is no particularly effective way to treat it. Therefore, for a period of time, cat infectious peritonitis has been regarded as a terminal illness of cats.
In the process of talking about the discoloration of cats, a lot of misunderstandings occurred, and many kittens lost their lives. We have sorted out a few misunderstandings that everyone concentrated on so that everyone can correctly view this disease.
Misunderstanding One
Since it is called infectious peritonitis, it should be contagious, right?
According to current research, cats are not contagious even if the name contains the word contagious. In other words, cat-to-cat direct transmission of belly virus is very low, but it exists in theory. This hypothesis is based on the following: cats infected with the abdomen will not spread these mutant viruses.
The academic community believes that the transmission of the belly comes from mutated coronaviruses. Once these viruses mutate, they seem to lose the ability of cats to transmit each other. Coronavirus mutations are more conducive to the virus entering monocytes/macrophages and further replication within the cell. This is a way for the virus to evade the host immune response, but cats that develop into FIP die quickly and cannot continue to detox. Therefore, evolution is not conducive to the survival of the virus, so this kind of mutation can be regarded as an "evolutionary accident." The epidemiological survey of
FIP shows that the higher the stocking density of cats, the more likely to have FIP. This is not because the “feline-borne belly virus” is contagious, but because in an environment where multiple cats live together, they are often exposed to a high viral load (common coronavirus) environment, plus limited There may be many stress factors in living space, between cats, and between people, leading to a sharp increase in the probability of FIP. This is why cats with multiple cats and cats who have lived in a shelter are more likely to develop FIP.
Tragedy
Some stray cat rescue centers euthanized all cats collectively just because one cat suffered from infectious peritonitis.
"Infectious" peritonitis itself is not contagious.
Whether it is a belly virus or a coronavirus as usual, once you leave your body, you will be vulnerable. A little sunlight can kill these viruses, and most of the disinfection products on the market can kill the coronavirus in the environment. In the experimental state, the feces of infected animals can spread on clothes, shoes, and hands, and the virus can survive longer. However, this is an experiment after all, and there are not many such examples in real life.
Misunderstanding two
As long as the stool tests positive for coronavirus, it is the cat's belly?
Heard of some big cat owners, because cat feces tested positive for coronavirus, more than 30 cats were euthanized at once.Hearing this information, besides shock, anger, helplessness, and sigh, what else can I feel.
Feline coronavirus is divided into two types, type I and type II, both of which can cause infectious peritonitis in cats. In places where cats are raised, the positive rate of coronavirus-specific antibodies can reach as much as 90%, and it can be as high as 50% in a single cat house. However, it is worth noting that only about 5% of these virus-positive people with will eventually develop feline infectious peritonitis (the virus has mutated), so don't directly diagnose it as soon as you hear that the stool test is positive for coronavirus.
So how to diagnose?
When there is effusion (wet transmission of the abdomen), the effusion needs to be detected first for investigation. This method is more referential than the detection of blood indicators.
The diagnosis of dry abdominal transmission is more complicated. In order to make a diagnosis, many conditions need to be understood, including medical history, the source of the cat, clinical symptoms, changes in laboratory data, and antibody titers. These information should be used to determine whether an invasive further diagnosis is needed.
FIP diagnosis process mainly includes:
1. Routine examination (the three major indicators of TPR-body temperature, heart rate, respiration, abdominal palpation, chest percussion)
2. Hematology Examination (including blood routine and biochemical examinations)
3. Eye examination (including anterior chamber and retina examination)
4. Imaging examination (X-rays of the chest and abdomen, and B-ultrasound examination of the abdomen and chest)
5. Effusion detection: pleural fluid, abdominal fluid examination and cerebrospinal fluid examination (cytological examination, protein content determination, cell total number determination, Li Fanta test)
6. Measuring antibody titer
7. Rt-PCR detection
8. Immune complex detection
9. Laparotomy and autopsy-the final method.
10. Immunofluorescence staining in macrophages (including fluorescence staining and immunohistochemical detection)
Misunderstanding three
Since abdominal transmission is terminally ill, so in order to make the cat less painful, choose euthanasia?
Belly transmission is considered incurable, and many people believe that peace is the most humane means. Therefore, when a kitten is diagnosed as highly suspected of having a belly by a certain hospital, many people choose to be euthanized.
However, your cat may also be misdiagnosed and suffer from other curable diseases, so please give your cat some time for further diagnosis and observation, and don't blindly relax.
If your cat has some symptoms that are not suitable for abdominal transmission, please go to the hospital for further examination to determine whether there is a misdiagnosis.
If all the symptoms are consistent with abdominal transmission, other causes cannot be diagnosed, and conventional treatment is ineffective, then it can only be treated as abdominal transmission. When any treatment is ineffective and the kitten is very painful, consider comfort at this time.
Misunderstanding four
Some hospitals say that it can be passed on to the abdominal vaccine, so if you get a vaccine, you won’t get this disease, right?
There is only one kind of intraperitoneal vaccine, , which is the PRIMUCELL intraperitoneal vaccine from Pfizer. This vaccine is instilled into the nasal cavity to prevent epidemics. It can be used at four months of age and strengthened after 3-4 weeks. It's okay to use it by itself, but why isn't this vaccine widely accepted? Because the validity is in doubt.
Pfizer's experiment was very small when it obtained this vaccine license, and it was more than 20 years ago (1991). The prerequisite for the vaccine to work "in theory" is also quite harsh: cats must have never been exposed to coronavirus. To achieve this goal, you need to be weaned as soon as possible, then completely isolate, strictly control environmental hygiene, and use this vaccine when you are 4 months old. Even so, no one can guarantee that it won’t be infected.Coronavirus. Coronavirus is so common.
In addition, the development of this product was in the 1970s, when people had poor understanding of the coronavirus. With the increase in understanding of the coronavirus, the basic theoretical flaws of this vaccine have been exposed. This is why this vaccine is not recommended by AAFP (American Association of Feline Practitioners) and ABCD (European Advisory Committee on Feline Diseases) unless there is a specific need.
related vaccination test results show that the probability of developing FIP in vaccinated cats is higher than that of non-immunized cats but vaccinated with common coronavirus. This is because of an obstacle called Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE). When ADE occurs, the specific antibodies (usually non-neutralizing antibodies) produced by the body against these viruses bind to the virus and instead mediate the virus into the target cells (monocytes/macrophages), thereby accelerating the virus infection the process of. This is also a difficulty in the production of the FIP vaccine and the SARS virus vaccine, which is also a coronavirus. Of course, the experiment in this area still lacks a large amount of data support.
—▼—
Humans and cats have never given up on scientific exploration and research on the diagnosis and treatment of cat abdominal transmission. After unremitting efforts, they finally achieved the historic treatment of cat abdominal transmission in 2016 Breakthrough:
In March 2016, the scientific journal PLOS Pathogens disclosed that a protease inhibitor called GC376 has achieved remarkable results in the treatment of abdominal transmission in cats. This drug was synthesized in 2011 and was originally intended for the treatment of Norwalk virus. Subsequently, the scientists discovered that this preparation is effective against a variety of viruses-even feline abdominal virus.
The experiment was carried out at the University of California, Davis. 6 of the 8 infected cats were able to get rid of the claws of the abdomen after 14-20 days of treatment, until 8 The study was published a month later and there was no sign of recurrence. Unfortunately, the other two cats had to be euthanized because their symptoms were too severe.
For decades, rumors of "curing" have appeared many times, and there are such false rumors in academic circles or on the Internet. But this time seems really different. The authors of this study are well-known in the industry, and even include the leading expert in cat transmission-Dr. Neils Pedersen, sponsored by UC Davis, is also one of the world's top veterinary medicine schools.
We believe that in the near future, the cat will no longer be the killer of cats. This day will come! Hope that with our joint efforts, the little animals will have more hope.
Source: Network Author: meow treatment of disease edit: fat beep layout: Mei
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