Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus. After the onset, symptoms such as water fear, photophobia , and wind fear will occur. Once an attack occurs, there is no effective treatment method in clinical practice, and the mortality rate is almost 100%, but taking good prevention can prevent the disease almost 100%.
On September 27, a reporter from Benliu News interviewed Xu Gehan, director of the planning office of Gansu Provincial Second People's Hospital, to popularize knowledge on what are the hazards of rabies, which are high-risk groups, how to deal with once they are bitten by cats and dogs, and how to prevent them before and after exposure.
Question: What is the source of infection of rabies?
Answer: In nature, foxes, wolves, jackals, weasel badgers , raccoons, skunks, raccoons , mongoose and bat are also natural rabies storage host , which can all be infected with rabies viruses and become a source of infection, and then infect livestock such as pigs, cattle, sheep and horses. 99% of rabies cases are transmitted by dogs, and dog bites are the main way of transmission of rabies virus.
Question: How long is the incubation period of rabies?
Answer: The incubation period of rabies varies, as short as a few days, usually 2-3 months, and a very rare number exceeds 1 year.
Question: Under what circumstances must the rabies vaccine be injected?
Answer: Generally speaking, after being scratched or bitten by animals that cannot rule out rabies risks, rabies vaccination needs to be immediately received. If you are engaged in slaughtering, field, veterinary, pets and other related staff, it is best to inject preventive rabies vaccine.
If a pet is injured in a captive pet, you must first distinguish the pet type and then judge the wound. Simply put, we must judge whether the skin is broken and whether it is bleeding or whether it is followed by vaccination or combined with rabies immunoglobulin .
But no matter the degree of the wound, there are several fixed treatment steps: first treat the wound in a timely and thorough manner, and alternately clean the wound under running water at a certain pressure for at least 15 minutes; after cleaning, disinfect and debride the treatment, and vaccinate and inject passive immunization preparations according to the treatment requirements of different exposure degrees.
Question: When will you get rabies vaccinated after being bitten by an animal?
Answer: After is injured by an animal, it is best to inoculate it within 24 hours. Because the earlier you get the rabies vaccine, the better, the earlier the body will produce rabies virus antibodies, and it can resist rabies virus in the shortest time, thereby reducing the chance of rabies.
Question: Can pregnant women and lactation be vaccinated?
Answer: Rabies is a fatal disease. Pregnant women should be vaccinated with rabies as soon as possible after being injured by dogs or cats. Studies have shown that the use of qualified rabies vaccines generally will not cause adverse reactions to pregnant women, nor will it affect the fetus, and there is no need for artificial abortion. If breastfeeding women also need vaccination if they cause injuries, they can continue breastfeeding.
Question: Dogs and cats who have been vaccinated with rabies are injured. Should they still be vaccinated with rabies?
Answer: Because animals are vaccinated with rabies vaccine, the protection rate is not 100%, and there may still be cases of carrying rabies virus. Therefore, after cats and dogs who have been vaccinated with rabies are injured, they still need to be dealt with according to the procedure.
Question: What should be paid attention to when injecting rabies vaccine?
Answer: The current instructions for domestic rabies vaccines include the following precautions: Avoid drinking alcohol, coffee, strong tea and other irritating foods and strenuous exercise. If you drink excessive alcohol after getting rabies vaccine, you may die of alcohol poisoning or drunk driving , but you will not die of rabies. If you exercise too vigorously after getting the rabies vaccine, you may only die from excessive exercise or stroke , and you will not die from rabies.
Question: What should I do if a certain shot of the rabies vaccine is delayed?
Answer: rabies vaccination should be completed on time. Correct vaccination according to the procedure is very important to the body's immunity against rabies. If a certain dose is delayed by one day or several days, the subsequent dose vaccination time will be delayed according to the time interval of the original immunization program, and there is no need to re-vaccinate.
Question: Can vaccines with different mechanisms be replaced by each other?
Answer: Try to use the same brand to complete the entire vaccination process with rabies vaccination. If it cannot be achieved, you can use different brands of qualified rabies vaccines to continue to complete the entire vaccination according to the original procedures.
Question: Can rabies vaccine and new crown vaccine be vaccinated at the same time?
Answer: According to the "Technical Guidelines for the Vaccination of New Coronavirus", it is not recommended that new coronavirus vaccine be vaccinated with other vaccines at the same time. The vaccination interval between other vaccines and the COVID-19 vaccine should be greater than 14 days. When rabies, tetanus vaccines and immunoglobulins are required due to animal injuries, trauma, etc., the interval between the vaccination with the new coronavirus vaccine may not be considered. If you are vaccinated with rabies, tetanus vaccine, immunoglobulin, etc., you must first complete the last shot of the above vaccine, and you can get the new crown vaccine after 14 days.
text·picture丨Benliu News reporter Ouyang Haijie
