Rural geography refers to the local geography of the hometown. The national curriculum standard regards "rural geography" as one of the important contents in middle school geography teaching, which is to "help students understand the living environment in the area where the school is located, guide students to apply what they have learned, cultivate students' practical ability, and establish the concept of sustainable development. , to enhance the feelings of patriotism and love for the hometown."
The geography of Taiwan has always been the key topic of the geography proposition of the senior high school entrance examination in various provinces and cities.
1． Geographical location of Taiwan
is located on the southeastern edge of the mainland of the motherland. It is located at 124°34"30" east longitude (the east end of Chiwei Island, Yilan County) to 119°11"03" (the west end of Huayu Island, Wang'an Township, Penghu County), and 21°45"25" north latitude (Qixing, Hengchun Town, Pingtung County) Rock south end) to 25°56"30" (north end of Huangwei Islet in Yilan County). It is bordered by East China Sea in the north, the Ryukyu Islands in the northeast, the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Bashi Strait in the south, adjacent to the Philippines, and across the Taiwan Strait in the west, facing the mainland Fujian Province, and the nearest point is only 130 kilometers. The whole province is just the center of the western Pacific waterway, and strategically, it is known as the "fence of seven provinces" in my country.
2． Area
Taiwan is a maritime province of China consisting of islands. The whole province is composed of the whole island of the whole bay, the surrounding islands and the two island groups of the Penghu Islands, a total of more than 80 islands. The total land area is 35989.7573 square kilometers. Among them, Taiwan Island is 394 kilometers long from north to south, and 144 kilometers wide from east to west. The coastline around the island is 1139 kilometers long and covers an area of 35,788.0908 square kilometers, accounting for more than 97% of the province's area. It is the largest island in China.
3. Terrain
Taiwan Island is the largest island in China, located on the continental shelf along the southeast coast of the motherland. It faces the vast Pacific Ocean in the east, faces the Philippines across the Bashi Strait in the south, and faces Fujian Province across the Taiwan Strait in the west.
The Taiwan Strait runs from northeast to southwest, connecting the East China Sea to the north and to the South China Sea to the south. The distance between the northeast and the Ryukyu Islands of Japan is about 600 kilometers. The Taiwan Strait is no more than 400 kilometers from east to west, and about 130 kilometers at the narrowest point.
The westernmost point of Taiwan Island is located at the west end of Huayu Island in Wang'an Township, Penghu County (119°18'03'E), and the easternmost is at the eastern end of Chiwei Island in Yilan County (124°34'30'E), The southernmost is located at the southern end of Qixingyan, Hengchun Town, Pingtung County (latitude 21 degrees, 45 minutes, 25 seconds), and the northernmost is the northern end of Huangwei Island, Yilan County (latitude 25 degrees, 56 minutes, 30 seconds).
Multi-island province
Taiwan Province includes the main island of Taiwan and Lanyu, Green Island, Diaoyu Island and other 21 affiliated islands and Penghu Islands 63 islands, is a multi-island Province. Taiwan Island is shaped like a spindle, with a length of about 394 kilometers from north to south, a maximum width of 144 kilometers from east to west, and an area of 35,873 square kilometers. At present, the so-called Taiwan area includes Taiwan Province itself and the islands of Kinmen and Matsu in Fujian Province controlled by the Taiwan authorities, with a total area of about 36,006 square kilometers.
Penghu Islands
Penghu Islands. Also known as the Penghu Islands, it is located in the Taiwan Strait, between the main island of Taiwan and Fujian Province.It is 24 nautical miles away from the island of Taiwan in the east, and about 75 nautical miles away from Xiamen, Fujian in the west. The Penghu Islands consist of the main island of Penghu and 63 islands, covering an area of 126 square kilometers. The Penghu Archipelago was originally a huge basalt Fangshan. After long-term erosion, the ground bed gradually lowered, and then the foundation subsided, forming today's Penghu Archipelago with many discrete islands.
Lanyu
Lanyu. Formerly known as Hongtouyu, it is located in the Pacific Ocean in the southeast of Taitung County. It was renamed Lanyu because of its rich production of precious Phalaenopsis. It covers an area of 44.7 square kilometers. It is a volcanic island formed by the eruption of a submarine volcano. It is Lanyu Township under the jurisdiction of Taitung County, about 41 nautical miles from Taitung City. The island has verdant mountains, blue sea and blue sky, and picturesque scenery. The island is the residence of the Yami people, with four natural villages, 6 tribes, and the Han nationality.
Green Island
Green Island. Formerly known as Huoshao Island, it is said that it was named after the Huoshao Mountain on the island was full of red under the sunlight. Later, it was renamed Green Island in 1949 because the name of Huoshao Island was easy to give people the illusion that nothing could grow. The island is located in the Pacific Ocean, about 18 nautical miles from Taitung City, with an area of 15 square kilometers. It is now Ludao Township under the jurisdiction of Taitung County. The island is also a volcanic island, similar in shape to Lanyu, in the shape of an equilateral quadrangle, so some people call it the "sister island" with Lanyu. The island is hilly and the west is relatively flat. The hills and terraces account for more than 70% of the island's area. The island has a population of about 3,000 people and has 3 villages, all of which are Han people.
Keelung Teapot Mountain
Ryukyu Island . Xiaoliuqiu, also known as Xiaoliuqiu, is located in the south of the estuary of the Xiadanxi River in southern Taiwan, standing in the Taiwan Strait, about 8 nautical miles southwest of Donggang Town, Pingtung County, about 18 nautical miles from Kaohsiung City, about 4 kilometers long from north to south, and the widest from east to west. It is about 2 kilometers away and covers an area of 6.8 square kilometers. It is named Ryukyu Island because it resembles a ball floating on the sea.Ryukyu Island is a raised hill composed of coral reefs, and the entire island is cut by two straight trenches. The island is now a township under the jurisdiction of Pingtung County, with a population of about 15,000 people, more than 90% of which are engaged in fishing.
Mountainous Island
Taiwan is a mountainous island. Mountains account for two-thirds of the island's total area. Most of the eastern and central areas are high mountains and hills. Central Mountains , Snow Mountains, Wangshan Mountains, Alishan Mountains and Coastal Mountains , winding up and down like giant dragons, lying on Taiwan Island from northeast to southwest, collectively referred to as Taiwan Mountains. There are 22 peaks above 3,500 meters above sea level on the island, and 62 above 3,000 meters above sea level.
The Taiwanese mountain system is parallel to the northeast-southwest trend of Taiwan Island, running through the middle, forming a topography with high in the middle and low on both sides. Most of the high mountains are concentrated in the east-central part, forming mountainous areas in the east, and the topography in the central and western regions descends. Finally, a vast coastal plain is formed in the western coastal area.
The central mountain range starts from the vicinity of Suao in the north and reaches the at the southern end of Taiwan in the south. runs through the center of the north and south of Taiwan's main island and becomes the backbone and watershed of the whole island. It is called "the roof of Taiwan" and divides the whole island of Taiwan It is two asymmetrical parts of east small and west large. The central mountain range is 270 kilometers long and 80 kilometers wide from east to west.
Yushan Mountains In the south of the Snow Mountains, it runs southwest. The north end is adjacent to the Snow Mountains across the upper reaches of Zhuoshuixi, and the south end is to the north of Pingtung Plain , with a total length of about 120 kilometers. The main peak of Yushan Mountain is 3997 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the whole island and the eastern part of the mainland. The top of Yushan is covered with snow all year round, and the color is as white as jade, so it is called "Jade Mountain".
Snow Mountains, also known as sub-alpine mountains, are located on the northwest side of the Central Mountains, with a total length of 180 kilometers and an elevation of 3884 meters for the main peak.It is the second highest peak in Taiwan. The Ali Mountains are the westernmost mountain range in Taiwan Island, and the Coastal Mountains are the easternmost mountain range in Taiwan Island. In addition, there is a self-contained Datun Volcano Group at the northern end of Taiwan Island, consisting of more than 10 conical volcanic bodies.
Yushan
The mountains in Taiwan are majestic and majestic. There are more than 50 peaks above 3500 meters above sea level, and as many as 200 peaks above 3000 meters above sea level. Among them, Yushan (the first peak in Taiwan), Xueshan (the second peak in Taiwan), Xiuguluan Mountain (the first peak in the Central Mountains), Nanhu Mountain (the highest peak in the north of the Central Mountains) and Dawu Mountain (the highest peak in the south of the Central Mountains) have " Taiwan's Five Sacred Mountains".
Taiwan Island is full of hills
Hualien Lily
The hills and terraces are distributed in the foothills where the five major mountain systems and the plains transition, from the periphery of the Taipei Basin to the Hengchun Peninsula, generally at an altitude of about 600 meters , accounting for less than a quarter of the total area of Taiwan Island. There are four main hills, namely the Keelung Zhunan Hills, Chiayi Hills, Fengyuan Hills and Hengchun Hills, among which the Keelung Zhunan Hills are the largest hills in Taiwan Island. The Zhunan Hills of Keelung, starting from the coast near Keelung in the north, reaching the Fengyuan area of Taichung in the south, the northern and western foothills of the Snow Mountains in the east, and the west coast of Taiwan Island in the west, are composed of Keelung Hills, Hsinchu Hills, Miaoli Hills and Zhunan Hills. , is the largest hilly area in Taiwan. The Chiayi Hills are located in front of the Ali Mountains, from the south bank of Zhuoshui River in the north to Kaohsiung and Pingtung in the south. They are low hills with an altitude of less than 250 meters. The Fengyuan Hills are located between the above two hilly areas. Fengyuan passes through Taichung to the west of Nantou. It is the widest part of the western hilly area. It is semicircular from east to west and extends between the Snow Mountain Mountains, Yushan Mountains and Ali Mountains. It is the main island of Taiwan. The most special area in the central terrain. The Hengchun Hills are located on the Hengchun Peninsula. The central mountain range has a gentle north-south anticline. The hills gradually drop to both sides, and the west is connected to the Pingtung Plain.
In addition to the hills, from the northern part of Taiwan Island to the west of the central hills, there are also scattered plateaus with lower terrain than the hills. From north to south, there are mainly Linkou, Taoyuan, Zhongli, Hukou, Houli , Dadu and Bagua and other platforms,The heights are all below 400 meters above sea level.
Plains and Basins
There are not many plains and basins in Taiwan, and the area is small, accounting for only one-fifth of the whole island. The main plains are Jianan Plain, Pingtung Plain, Yilan Plain and Taitung Rift Valley Plain . The Jianan Plain, also known as the Tainan Plain, starts from the south bank of the Zhuoshui River in Changhua County in the north to the west bank of the Xia Danshui River in Kaohsiung County in the south. It covers an area of about 4,450 square kilometers and is the largest plain in Taiwan. The Pingtung Plain is located in the southern part of Taiwan Island, covering an area of 1,160 square kilometers. It is the second largest plain on Taiwan Island. Yilan Plain, also known as Lanyang Plain, is located in the northeastern part of Taiwan Island, covering an area of about 320 square kilometers. It is the earliest developed area in eastern Taiwan. The Taitung Rift Valley Plain is located between the mountains of the Central Mountains and the Coastal Mountains, covering an area of about 700 square kilometers. In addition, there are some smaller plains along the northern coast of Taiwan Island, mainly Hsinchu alluvial plain, Miaoli alluvial plain and Changhua plain.
Taiwan's basins are smaller and less numerous than plains. The larger basins mainly include the Taipei Basin, Taichung Basin and Puli Basin Group. The Taipei Basin is located in the northern part of Taiwan Island. The southeastern sides of the basin are surrounded by hills formed by the remnants of the Xueshan Mountains, the Datun Volcanic Group in the north, and the Guanyin Mountain and Linkou Platform in the west of the Keelung Zhunan Hills. Approximately a triangle, with an area of 240 square kilometers, second only to the Taichung Basin, it is the earliest developed place in northern Taiwan. Taichung Basin is located in the central part of Taiwan Island, bordered by Daan River in the north, Zhuoshui River in the south, the fault line from Fengyuan to Caotun via Wufeng in the east, and the eastern edge of Dadu Platform and Bagua Platform in the west, covering an area of 400 square kilometers. It is the largest basin in Taiwan Island. The Puli Basin is distributed in the Puli subsidence area of the Central Mountains. It is located between the middle reaches of Zhuoshui River and the upper reaches of Dadu River and Beigang River in Nantou County. , collectively known as the Puli Basin Group. Among them, the Puli Basin has the largest area.About 42 square kilometers; the Yuchi Basin is the second, with an area of about 21 square kilometers.
Although Taiwan has limited plains and basins, it has always been the most important agricultural and residential area in Taiwan, as well as the most economically developed area. About 95% of the large, medium and small cities in the province are concentrated in the plains and basins.
Coasts of various shapes
Taiwan Province is an island province with many islands and a long coastline. Taiwan's main island has a coastline of 1,566 kilometers, including four different coasts: east, north, west and south. The eastern fault coast starts from Lailaibi in Sandiaojiao, Taipei County, in the northeast corner of Taiwan Island, and extends southward, through Yilan, Hualien, Taitung, and Jiupeng in Pingtung, with a total length of 380 kilometers. The entire section of the coast is roughly straight and is close to the Pacific Ocean. Except for the sea-facing edges of the Yilan Plain, Hualien Plain and Taitung Plain, which are characterized by uplifted coasts, most of the coasts are faulted, and the steep shore walls are close to the coast. There are 4 sections of faulted coasts. , is a typical fault coast.
The northern coast starts from the Youchekou on the north bank of the estuary of the Danshui River in the northwest corner of Taiwan Island in the west, passes through Fuguijiao to the north and then turns eastward to the Lailaibi of Sandiaojiao , with a total length of about 85 kilometers. The northern coast faces the Pacific Ocean in the east, the East China Sea in the north, and the Taiwan Strait in the west. It is an uplifted coast. The north coast area is a standard sea erosion terrain. The entire coast is bumpy and tortuous, with alternating capes and bays, and strange rocks and rocks, which are of great tourist and ornamental value.
Danshui River Estuary
The western coast, starting from the south bank of the Danshui River estuary in the north and extending to Fangliao in the west of Pingtung County in the south, is about 410 kilometers long. It is close to the Taiwan Strait and is a sedimentary uplift coast. Compared with the eastern coast, the western coast faces the shallow sea and connects with the coastal plain, so the entire coast is monotonous and straight, and the terrain is gently sloping. Under the action of wind direction, wind force and tide, exuberant accumulation, long sandy beaches, and continuous extension of the coast to the western ocean.
Eluanbi Lighthouse
The southern coast, from Fangliao in Pingtung to the south, passing Maobitou and Eluanbi at the southern tip of Taiwan Island, and then turning north to Jiupeng, facing the Taiwan Strait in the west, and the South China Sea in the south ,The east is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean, with a total length of 264 kilometers, which is a typical coral reef coast.
4. Climate
Taiwan has a subtropical island climate, which is warm and humid all year round. Taichung and Hualien are like spring all year round; south of the Tropic of Cancer, it can be said to be like summer almost all year round; Only the two counties of Taipei and Yilan located at the northern end of the island, as well as the mountainous areas above 800 meters across the island, have more obvious seasonal changes.
The rainy season
The climate of Taiwan is mainly influenced by the southwest monsoon and the northeast monsoon. The tropical southwest monsoon prevails from May to September every year, bringing hot climate and humid water vapor. The main rainy season of the year. There are mainly three types of rainfall when the southwest monsoon prevails: one is the plum rain which lasts in early May every year and lasts until mid-June at the latest, which usually lasts for about a month; the "rainy rain hail" in some mountainous areas Thousands of millimeters of rain can fall in one day, causing floods such as landslides, mudslides, flash floods, broken bridges, engulfing farmland, and causing soaring vegetable prices.
Typhoon Season
After the rainy season ends, the typhoon season begins immediately, which starts from mid-June and lasts until autumn, and at the latest in November. The torrential rain brought by the typhoon is the same as the powerful plum rain, causing landslides, flooding, broken bridges, road damage, and vegetable supply cuts. In addition, the typhoon will also destroy high-voltage electricity towers and water supply facilities, causing power outages, water outages, and communications. Disruption and other livelihood issues. If a typhoon strikes during your stay in Taiwan, you should ask the team leader to go down the mountain as soon as possible and take refuge in the city. Staying in the mountains, the light people may fall into the predicament of traffic interruption and running out of food. If there is a landslide or mudslide at the accommodation point, I am afraid that there will be life worries.
convective rain in summer
Taiwan's whole island often has convective rain in the afternoon in summer,Lightning strikes mixed with lightning, called thunderstorms, usually occur in the afternoon and last for at most one hour before raining and clearing again. This is a typical summer climate in Taiwan, which has the effect of regulating the summer heat and will not affect the travel itinerary.
Northeast monsoon
The northeast monsoon prevails in Taiwan after October every year, which causes cold and wet winter rain type climates in Taipei and Yilan counties on the windward side, and the coastal areas from Hsinchu to Chiayi The dry, cold and strong northerly winds produce hot and rainy dry seasons from Taichung to Pingtung Mountains, and form dry, sultry strong Foehn winds on the Hengchun Peninsula.
For tourists, when the northeast monsoon prevails between October and February of the following year, the most unsuitable areas to visit are Taipei and Yilan counties, because the temperature is low and it rains frequently, resulting in low temperature and humidity. It feels even colder than the North China region of the same period. At this time, there are waves of foehn that exceed level 7 day and night on the Hengchun Peninsula. If you go to the beach to play, you must pay attention to being blown into the sea by this strong wind. At this time, it is the best season to visit western Taiwan, from Taichung to Pingtung. It is sunny almost every day, and the air is relatively dry. As for Hualien and Taitung at this time, as long as there is no cold front invading Taiwan, it is still Sunny and warm weather.
Spring rainy season
Every March and April after the Spring Festival and before the rainy season, is the spring rainy season in Taiwan. At this time, the northeast monsoon and the southwest monsoon are in a tug-of-war in Taiwan waters, and the weather changes rapidly, sometimes in just one day. It has experienced sunny, cloudy, and rainy weather patterns. It is nicknamed "cloudy and even showers when it is sunny". When visiting Taiwan in the past two months, be sure to prepare rain gear and cold-proof clothing.
As you can see from the map, the Tropic of Cancer passes through the waist of Taiwan. The province's location is just between the temperate zone and the tropics, and the climate characteristics are the same as those of the mainland Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong at the same latitude, belonging to the tropical and subtropical climates. However, it is surrounded by the sea and is regulated by the marine monsoon. It has a pleasant climate all year round, with no severe cold in winter and no extreme heat in summer. The trees are green in the four seasons, the flowers are fragrant, and the crops in the south are three crops a year.
The annual average temperature in Taiwan is about 22℃ except for the high mountains. The weather is always warm all year round. April-November is the summer in Taiwan, and July is the hottest month. The average temperature in the province is about 28°C. From December to March of the following year, it is a cool "winter", similar to the autumn in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in mainland China. In February, the coldest month, the average temperature in Taipei, the city with the lowest temperature in the province, is still around 15°C; at this time, in Hengchun, at the southern tip of Taiwan, the average temperature is still above 20°C, just like the early summer in the northern part of the mainland. It is called "Hengchun", which means "four seasons of Changchun". In general, there is no frost and snow all year round. The snow line is located in the area above 3000 meters above sea level.
Taiwan is one of the wettest areas in my country, with an average annual rainfall of more than 2000 mm. Beijing is a rare winter rain area in my country. Keelung has an average of more than 200 days of rain every year, known as " rain port ". There are many torrential rains in the central alpine areas, and the annual rainfall in some areas of the Central Mountains is as high as 6,000 mm. The low and flat areas in the west have less rain than Beijing. The rainfall time in most areas is concentrated in summer, especially from June to August, and there is a thunderstorm almost every afternoon.
Taiwan is the province most affected by typhoons in my country, and the nearby sea is the main channel for typhoons in summer. The typhoon season is from June to October every year, and the most frequent typhoons are from July to September.
5. Rivers
Taiwan Island has many rivers and dense water networks, but due to factors such as terrain, geological structure and climate, the river flow is short, the water potential is fast, there are many rapids and waterfalls, and hydraulic resources more abundant.
There are about 150 large and small rivers in Taiwan, with a total length of 42,000 kilometers and an average of 1.17 meters of rivers per square kilometer. It is one of the areas with the densest water network in my country. The towering central mountain range has become an important watershed between Taiwan Island's water system and rivers. The east and rivers flow into the Pacific Ocean or the East China Sea, and the west rivers flow into the Taiwan Strait. The longer rivers are mainly distributed in the west, and the eastern rivers are not more than 100 kilometers.
There are 19 main rivers in Taiwan.There are 6 rivers with a length of more than 100 kilometers, namely Zhuoshui River, Gaoping River, Danshui River, Dajia River , Zengwen River and Dadu River. The Zhuoshui River is the largest river in Taiwan, with a total length of 186.4 kilometers. It originates from the Wuling between the main peak and the east peak of the central mountain range. The drainage area is 4324 square kilometers. Gaoping Stream, also known as Xia Tamsui River, has a total length of 170.9 kilometers and is the second largest river in Taiwan. It originates from the eastern foothills of Yushan Mountain and the western foot of Xiugulan Mountain in the Central Mountains, with a drainage area of 3,256 square kilometers. The Tamsui River has a total length of 158.7 kilometers and is the third largest river in Taiwan. Its main tributaries are Keelung River, Xindian River and Dahan River, with a drainage area of 2,705 square kilometers. Dajia River originates from the west foot of the Central Mountains, with a total length of 140.2 kilometers and a drainage area of 1272 square kilometers. Zengwenxi has a total length of 138.5 kilometers and a drainage area of 1,212 square kilometers. Dadu River, also known as Wuxi, has a total length of 116.8 kilometers and is the sixth largest river in Taiwan, with a drainage area of 2,072 square kilometers.
There are relatively few lakes in Taiwan, and many of them have been artificially transformed into artificial lakes, namely reservoirs, which have various functions such as water storage, flood control, irrigation, power generation, public water use, and sightseeing. The distribution of lakes and reservoirs in Taiwan is obviously affected by the water system, and it is also characterized by more in the west and less in the east. There are about 90 large lakes and reservoirs in Taiwan. Only Liyu Lake and Guangfu Lake in Hualien County, Dapi Lake in Taitung County, Longtan Lake and Meihua Lake in Yilan County are distributed in the east. The rest are distributed in the west.
Sun Moon Lake
Taiwan's largest natural lake is Sun Moon Lake. Sun Moon Lake is located in Shuishe Village, Yuchi Township, Nantou County. The lake is 750 meters above sea level and covers an area of more than 900 hectares. There is a small island in the lake. The northern half of the island is shaped like a sun wheel, and the southern half is shaped like a first quarter moon , hence the name Sun Moon Lake.This is the most famous scenic tourist area in Taiwan, with green mountains and green lakes, beautiful scenery, and was known as one of the "Eight Sceneries" in Taiwan as early as the Qing Dynasty.
In addition to Sun Moon Lake, there are Longluan Lake and Liyu Lake with an area of more than 100 hectares of natural lakes in the province. Longluan Lake is located on the Hengchun Peninsula plain at the southernmost tip of Taiwan Island. It covers an area of about 137 hectares and has a water storage capacity of 3.42 million cubic meters. It is the main source of water for local irrigation. Liyu Lake is located in Chinan Village, Shoufeng Township, Taitung Rift Valley, Hualien County. It is named after Liyu Mountain . It covers an area of 104 hectares. It is the largest lake in eastern Taiwan and a well-known scenic spot.
In addition, there are more than 10 alpine lakes on both sides of the ridges of the Central and Snow Mountains. Among them, the largest area is Colorful Lake, also known as Qixing Lake. The lake is 2,900 meters above sea level and covers an area of about 2 hectares. The highest alpine lake is Cuichi, which is located on the west side of the main peak of Snow Mountain.
Reservoirs in Taiwan were built earlier, and there are currently about 40 reservoirs, mainly Zengwen Reservoir , Shimen Reservoir, Qingcheng Lake, Deji Reservoir and Qingcao Lake , etc. The earliest reservoir built in Taiwan is the Hutoupi Reservoir in Xinhua Township, Tainan County, which is also a famous scenic spot. At present, the largest reservoir in Taiwan is Zengwen River, also known as Dayu Lake. It is located in the upper reaches of Zengwen River and in Dapu Township, Chiayi County. The water storage capacity is more than 700 million cubic meters. It is the main irrigation water source in Tainan area.
6. Resources
In addition to the lack of energy resources, Taiwan is rich in forest resources, biological resources, fishery resources, and hydraulic resources, so Taiwan is known as a treasure island.
Mineral resources
Compared with biological resources and hydraulic resources, Taiwan's mineral resources are single in type and not abundant in reserves.At present, there are about 110 kinds of mineral resources discovered on Taiwan Island, of which there are only more than 20 kinds of mineral resources with actual development value. Some of the valuable minerals have been mined for a long time, and their reserves have been greatly reduced, and some have been depleted. Therefore, Taiwan Province is China's mineral resources. and one of the provinces with the least reserves.
Datunshan Crater
Taiwan's mineral resources can be divided into three categories: energy, metal and non-metal. Energy minerals mainly include coal, oil, natural gas and geothermal. Among them, coal was developed and utilized earlier and has been gradually exhausted. The reserves are only about 100 million tons, and the annual output is less than 100,000 tons. Oil and natural gas are the most important energy deposits in Taiwan. At present, the geological exploration area of oil and natural gas has completed over 500 square kilometers. By 1999, the proven oil reserves were over 300 million liters, and the natural gas reserves were about 10.7 billion cubic meters, mainly distributed in the central The western part of the mountains and the Taiwan Strait. Geothermal resources are relatively abundant, and more than 90 hot springs have been discovered, of which more than 10 are more valuable for economic development, mainly distributed in the northern Datun Mountain volcanic group.
There are relatively many types of metal deposits in Taiwan, but the reserves are not much. The proven metal deposits with development value are mainly gold, silver, copper, iron, etc. In addition, there are also deposits of manganese, titanium, zirconium, monazite , mercury, nickel and chromium. Gold mines are the most important metal deposits in Taiwan, with proven reserves of about 5.8 million tons, most of which are symbiotic deposits of gold and silver or copper. Copper reserves are also relatively abundant, about 4.7 million tons. Iron ore is relatively poor, with a total reserve of about 2 million tons. The reserves of other financial minerals are even smaller, and the required metal minerals are mainly imported in large quantities.
Taiwan has many kinds of non-metallic mineral resources and abundant reserves. Those with higher economic value and reserves are mainly marble, limestone, dolomite, sandstone, feldspar, serpentine, talc, asbestos, mica and sulfur, etc. Among them, marble is the most abundant non-metallic mineral in Taiwan, with reserves of nearly 300 billion tons.
In addition, Taiwan still has minerals such as sea salt and precious stones. Taiwan sea salt drying began after Zheng Chenggong regained Taiwan.The immigrants from the mainland spread the method of drying sea salt to Taiwan, and successively established salt fields such as Beimen, Budai and Qigu on Taiwan Island starting from the coast of Chiayi in the north and the coast of Tainan in the south. Since then, Taiwan's salt industry has developed.
Taiwanese gem mines mainly refer to nephrite , distributed in the Toyota and Xilin areas of Shoufeng Township, Hualien County. In the serpentine layer, there is a small part of the nephrite belt, with an early reserve of about 600,000 tons, which has now shrunk significantly. The main varieties are blue stone, opal , emerald jade, etc., collectively referred to as "Taiwan jade", and its exquisite color is one of the world's famous jade.
Biological resources
Taiwan is located in the subtropical zone and is rich in plant and biological resources. From plains, hills to mountains, it can simultaneously present tropical, temperate and subarctic plant landscapes, so Taiwan Island is called the island of Taiwan. "Natural Botanical Garden". According to the latest survey published in Taiwan in 1998, there are currently 10,438 plant species in Taiwan, including 1,139 endemic species and 334 native species conservation. Among them, includes 4228 species of vascular plants (3600 species of angiosperms, 28 species of gymnosperms, and 600 species of ferns), 1100 species of bryophytes, 3800 species of fungi, 700 species of lichens, and algae ( Seaweed) 600 species.
The plant ecological community in Taiwan can be divided into coastal plant community, plain and low hilly area plant community and mountain plant community. According to the relationship of species, it can be divided into Taiwan Island and Hengchun Peninsula. Plant species on Taiwan Island include three groups: sparse forest, forest and tundra. The sparse forest group is an intermediate group between forests and grasslands. The trees are short and scattered, and the lower plants are mostly the same height as the tree layers. They are mainly distributed in the coastal zone to the west of the Da'an River and the Beigang River and the Penghu Islands. The forest community is the most widely distributed flora in Taiwan, mainly including seven types of forest communities, namely coastal forest community, tropical rain forest community, sulfur spring plant community, subtropical and warm temperate rain forest community, warm temperate mountain coniferous forest community, and cold temperate zone. Mountain coniferous forest community and subalpine coniferous forest community.The tundra community is distributed above the tree line to the snow line in Taiwan's alpine mountains.
Taiping Mountain
Forest resources are the largest biological resources in Taiwan. The natural forest coverage area once accounted for two-thirds of the island's land area, equivalent to the sum of the forest coverage areas of Jiang, Xi and Fujian provinces. Today, the island's forest area is about 1.86 million hectares, accounting for 52% of the island's land area. It is the province with the largest forest coverage rate in China. There are a wide variety of forest trees, nearly 4,000 kinds, and more than 300 kinds of high economic value. It is a well-known natural botanical garden in Asia. In Taiwan's forest resources area, tropical forests account for 56%, subtropical forests account for 31%, temperate forests account for 11%, and boreal forests account for about 2%. Divided by tree species, broad-leaved forest and bamboo forest are the most widely distributed, accounting for about 69% of the island's forest area; broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest accounts for about 9%. The most well-known forest tree in Taiwan is camphor , the number of camphor trees ranks first in the world, and the production of camphor and camphor oil extracted from camphor trees accounts for about 70% of the world's total output. The trees with higher economic value are oil fir, Xiao Nan, Taiwan fir, red juniper and Luan Da fir, which are known as "Taiwan's five trees", all of which are world-renowned high-quality materials. Taiping Mountain in Taipei, Baxian Mountain in Taichung and Alishan in Chiayi are the three famous forest areas in Taiwan.
There are more than 100 kinds of crops grown and cultivated in Taiwan. Food crops mainly include rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, sweet potato, soybean, etc.; economic crops include sugarcane, tea, peanut, sesame, tobacco, cotton, hemp, sisal, citronella, etc. Among them, rice, sugarcane, and tea were called "Taiwan's Three Treasures" in the early years. There are various kinds of vegetables that grow in four seasons and continue all year round, from ordinary cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, to bamboo shoots, asparagus, lotus roots, as well as local specialties such as wasabi, burdock , yellow quail, and nine-story pagodas. The favorable climatic conditions allow Taiwan to produce a wide variety of fruits throughout the four seasons. Common fruits include banana, pineapple, citrus, longan, papaya, mango, guava, lotus mist, ginseng fruit, avocado, peach, passion fruit, cantaloupe and pear.
Clouded Leopard
Taiwan's warm and humid climate,The rich flora provides good conditions for the reproduction and growth of animals. According to the records of the "Taiwan Vertebrate Chronicles" published in 1984, excluding marine organisms such as fish, there are 14,935 species of animals in 6 categories, 356 families in Taiwan. The latest research results published in 1998 show that there are 25,151 animal species in Taiwan, including 11,195 endemic species and 174 native species conservation. The main wild animals are Taiwan black bear, clouded leopard, Taiwan long-maned goat, macaque, sika deer, mountain muntjac, pangolin, flying squirrel , snakehead, mountain pepper fish, sambar and so on. The livestock and poultry raised mainly include pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, etc. The perching birds include the burgundy scarlet finch, the chestnut-backed robin, the titmouse, the red-headed tit, the orchid pheasant and the black long-tailed pheasant. Among the many animals, islands and insects in Taiwan, the most famous is the butterfly, which has 10 families and more than 400 species. Therefore, Taiwan is known as the "Butterfly Kingdom".
marine fishery resources. According to statistics, there are 191 families, 597 genera, and 1,276 species of fish in Taiwan waters, as well as shrimp, crabs, various algae, shellfish, coral , etc., so it is called a natural "marine life pasture".
There are more than 20 kinds of fishes with economic value in Taiwan, and the important ones are tuna ( tuna), mullet, bonito, yellow croaker, white hairtail, swordfish, sea bream, etc. . The seaweeds mainly include lily, seaweed, cockscomb and seaweed, among which lily is the most important. Taiwan's coral is very well-known, and its output once accounted for about 80% of the world market, so it is known as the "Coral Kingdom".
Nature Reserve
Kenting Nature Reserve
In order to protect Taiwan's biological resources, animals and plants, Taiwan has strengthened its protection work, and has established 18 nature reserves, 11 There are 1 coastal reserve, 8 wildlife reserves and 24 public forest nature reserves. Among them, there are 11 species of precious and rare plants designated for protection in accordance with the "Cultural Assets Protection Law",23 kinds of animals. According to the Wildlife Conservation Law, there are more than 1,900 species of wild animals designated for conservation inside and outside the island. Since 1986, Taiwan has successively established 18 nature reserves, namely Danshuihe Mangrove Nature Reserve, Guandu Nature Reserve, Pinglin Taiwan Oil Fir Nature Reserve, Yuanyang Lake Nature Reserve, and Nanao Broad-leaved Forest Nature Reserve. District, Miaoli Sanyi Huoyan Mountain Nature Reserve, Penghu Basalt Nature Reserve, Taiwan Yiyelan Nature Reserve, Izuun Mountain Nature Reserve, Taitung Hongye Village Taiwan Cycad Nature Reserve, Wushan Mud Volcano Nature Reserve, Dawu Mountain Nature Reserve, Dawu Taiwan Suihuashan Nature Reserve, Huaziwei Nature Reserve, Wushibi Coast Nature Reserve and Kenting High Coral Reef Nature Reserve, etc. Since 1981, 8 wildlife sanctuaries have been established: Maoyu Seabird Sanctuary in Penghu County, Nanzi Xianxi Stream Squid Sanctuary in Sanmin Township, Kaohsiung County, Wuweigang Waterbird Sanctuary in Yilan County, and Zhongxing Bridge Huazhong in Taipei City. Bridge Wildlife Reserve, Tainan City Sicao Wildlife Reserve, Penghu County Wang'an Island Green Turtle Spawning Habitat Reserve, Daduxikou Teal Reserve and Keelung City Mianhuayu Vase Island Wildlife Reserve.
Hydraulic resources
Taiwan has abundant rainfall and many rivers. In addition, due to the influence of topography, most of the rivers have multiple terraces and flow through many canyons. The rivers have a large drop and rapid water potential, so they are rich in hydraulic resources. According to statistics, the entire island's rivers have a maximum hydropower reserve of 5.3 million kilowatts, making it one of the regions with the richest hydropower resources in China.
Among the rivers in Taiwan, there are 25 rivers with hydropower reserves, of which the hydropower resources of Dajia River are about 1.48 million kilowatts, ranking first among all rivers in Taiwan. Followed by Zhuoshuixi, the hydraulic reserves are about 1.36 million kilowatts. The hydraulic reserves of these two major rivers account for about half of the island. Other rivers with more than 100,000 kilowatts mainly include Danshui River, Xiuguluan River, Gaoping River, Liwu River, Hualien River, Wu River, Ping River, Zengwen River and Beinan River. Taiwan has built hydroelectric power stations on major rivers, such as Deji, Qingshan, Guguan and Tianlun, etc. in Dajia River.
Taiwan's water resources distribution,Affected by the distribution of river systems, the reserves are more in the west than in the east. The hydraulic resources of the western water system account for about 73.2% of the total reserves of the island, and the eastern water system accounts for 26.8%.
