On the afternoon of May 5, 2020, the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in the National in 2019" sponsored by China Cultural Relics Newspaper and the Chinese Archaeological Society was officially announced. The Paleolithic Cave Site in Zhengjiegedong, Nanzheng, Xiaonanshan Site in Raohe, Heilongjiang, Huangchengtai, Shenmu Shimao Site in Shaanxi, Pingliangtai City Site in Huaiyang, Henan, Xiwubi Site in Jiangxian, Shanxi, Hanxia Yu Mine Site in Dunhuang, Gansu, Zengguo Noble Cemetery in the Spring and Autumn of Zao Shulin, Suizhou, Hubei, Shichengzi Site in Qitai, Xinjiang, Wulanquangou Tubo period mural tomb in Qinghai, and Guangdong's "Nanhai I" underwater archaeological excavation project was selected.
2019 National Top Ten Archaeological New Discoveries
South Zheng Jiandong Paleolithic Cave Site
Excavation Unit: Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Institute of Vertebrate Paleoanthropology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Nanjing University
Project Leader: Wangshejiang
South Zheng Jiandong Site stratigraphic accumulation (west-east)
South Zheng Jiandong Site is a relic from the late Paleolithic Age. Due to the serious safety hazards of the site, from 2018 to 2019, with the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, rescue archaeological excavations were carried out. In the 27 square meters of excavation area, relics such as human activity surfaces, stone processing points, fire pits, etc. were found, and more than 10,000 human fossils, stone products, burn bones, animal fossils and other relics were unearthed. A series of important discoveries are of great value for studying the physical characteristics, living modes, behavioral modes, stone industry appearance, cultural development and evolution process and environmental background of the late Paleolithic Age in the Qinling region.
Xiaonanshan Site in Raohe, Heilongjiang
Excavation unit: Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Raohe County Cultural Relics Management Institute
Project leader: Li Youqian
0Jade unearthed in tombs in 2019
Xiaonanshan Site is located on the left bank of the Wusuri River in Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province, with a total area of more than 400,000 square meters. From 2015 to 2017 and 2019, Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Raohe County Cultural Relics Management Institute continued to excavate, with a total disclosed area of 1,600 square meters, five new cultural relics from different periods were confirmed, and the earliest evidence of systematic use of jade in East Asia was discovered. This archaeological discovery greatly deepened the understanding of the cultural connotation of the Xiaonanshan site, and provided precious information for studying the evolution of tombs in the early Neolithic period of the Ussuri River Basin; the discovery of a large number of jade artifacts such as jade rings has added important information for studying the origin and dissemination of my country's jade culture.
Shenmu Shimao Ruins, Shaanxi Province, Imperial City Platform
Excavation unit: Shaanxi Provincial Archaeology Research Institute, Yulin City Cultural Relics and Archaeological Exploration Team, Shenmu Shimao Ruins Management Office
Project leader: Sun Zhouyong
Working Area
The Shimao Ruins are located in Gaojiabao Town, Shenmu City, Shaanxi Province, located on the southern edge of Mu Us in the northern part of the Loess Plateau. A stone wall consisting of Imperial City Platform, inner city and outer city has been discovered. The city area exceeds 4 million square meters, making it the largest prehistoric city site discovered in China. Among them, the Imperial City Platform is the core area of the Shimao site. Nine years of systematic archaeological work shows that the Imperial City Platform may have the nature of an early "palace city". It is currently the best preserved and largest early palace building in East Asia, showing the ultimate glory of a mysterious kingdom capital on the Loess Plateau. Archaeological achievements of the Shimao site are constantly refreshing the academic community's understanding of early Chinese civilization.
Henan Huaiyang Pingliangtai City Site
Excavation unit: Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Peking University School of Archaeology and Arts
Project leader: Qinling, Cao Yanpeng
City Site Layout diagram
Pingliangtai City Site is located in the west of Dazhuzhuang Village, Dalian Township, Huaiyang District, Zhoukou City, Henan Province. It is an important empirical evidence of Chinese prehistoric civilization 4,000 years ago. The site is square in a regular and symmetrical in the internal central axis, which is of milestone significance in the history of urban development. The city gate and the many pottery water pipe drainage facilities found in the city provide important clues for studying the development of water resources management systems in early cities.As the regional social center in eastern Henan, various remains unearthed from Pingliangtai Ancient City show the geographical advantages and cultural characteristics of the Longshan culture in the Central Plains from different levels, and are a concentrated reflection of the intersection and integration of regional civilizations in the late Neolithic Age.
Xiwubi site in Jiang County, Shanxi
Excavation unit: China National Museum, Shanxi Provincial Archaeology Institute, Yuncheng Cultural Relics Protection Institute
Project leader: Dai Xiangming
Charcoal kiln from the Erlitou period
The Xiwubi site is located in the south of Xiwubi village in Gujiang Town, Jiang County, Shanxi Province, with an area of 1.1 million square meters. It also contains the remains of Yangshao, Miaodigou Phase II, Longshan, Erlitou, Erlitou, and Zhou, Han, and Song dynasties. The site presents a large-scale and highly specialized copper smelting workshop, which provides precious physical materials for in-depth exploration of early copper smelting handicraft technology and production methods, and even explores the relationship between the rise of the Xia and Shang dynasties and the control, development and utilization of copper, which is of great academic significance. The copper smelting relics and relics discovered are the early and large-scale copper smelting handicraft relics in the Central Plains region, filling the gap in China's bronze industry chain.
Gansu Dunhuang Hanxia Jade Mine Site
Excavation unit: Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Project leader: Chen Guoke
Gobi material unearthed from Dunhuang Hanxia Jade Mine Site
The Hansu Yu Mine Site is located in the back mountain of Sanwei Mountain in the southeast of Dunhuang City. The site has an area of about 3 square kilometers. In 2019, the excavation area was 300 square meters, and 12 places including house sites, mines, and guard posts were cleared, including 1 stone-built house site and 5 semi-underground house sites. The early days were the Xichengyi culture and Qijia culture relics. The carbon 14 dating date was 4,000 to 3,700 years ago. The late days were the marshal culture relics, which were earlier than the marshal culture relics of the marshal Jade Mine in Jingbaoer Grassland. A series of evidence shows that the tremolite jade material from Gansu has entered the east and surrounding areas early, and has played a unique role in the formation of a diverse and integrated Chinese civilization.
Zhao Shulin Spring and Autumn Zengguo Noble Cemetery in Suizhou, Hubei
Excavation unit: Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Peking University Archaeology and Museum, Suizhou Museum, Zengdu District Archaeology Team
Project leader: Guo Changjiang
(Madam Zeng fishing) Copper ritual vessel combination photo
The Zao Shulin Cemetery is located in Wenfeng Community, Dongcheng Office, Suizhou City, Hubei Province. Its Wenfeng Tower Cemetery has been excavated in recent years, both belong to the Yidigang tomb group. It is a Zengguo noble tomb group from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the mid-Warring States Period. The cemetery can be divided into 5 large "A"-shaped tombs, 19 medium-sized tombs, and 62 small tombs, all of which are east-west. The Zao Shulin Cemetery made up for the shortage of Zeng State in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, constructed the most complete materials and the most important cultural sequence of archaeological excavations in the Zhou Dynasty of China, and constructed a yardstick for bronze culture in the Jianghan region, which is of great significance in the archaeological field of Zeng State and even the two weeks.
Shichengzi Ruins in Qitai, Xinjiang
Excavation unit: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute
Project leader: Tian Xiaohong
Northwest Residence in Zicheng (from south to north)
The Shichengzi Ruins are located in the hilly area near Magouliang Village, Banjiegou Town, Qitai County, Changji Prefecture. The ancient city is built on the cliff, with high in the north and low in the south, with large fluctuations. Exposed rocks can also be seen on some surfaces. Its plane is approximately rectangular, with a total area of about 110,000 square meters. The Shichengzi site is a historical witness to the effective governance and jurisdiction of the Western Regions of the Central Plains dynasty of the Han Dynasty. Its archaeological achievements have important historical value and practical significance for explaining that Xinjiang has been an inalienable part of China's territory since the Han Dynasty, the exchange and integration of the cultures of various ethnic groups in Xinjiang and the Central Plains culture, and are closely connected, and for promoting the historical and cultural construction of the core area of the "Belt and Road".
Music Tombs of Tubo Period in Wulan Quangou, Qinghai
Excavation unit: Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Qinghai Haixi Prefecture Ethnic Museum
Project leader: Wang Peng
Inlaid turquoise four-curved turquoise fingers Jinbei
Quangou Cemetery is located 2 kilometers east of Hedong Village, Xiligou Town, Wulan County, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, and is distributed in the valley area around Quangou. Based on the characteristics of the unearthed objects and the style of the mural content, it can be inferred that the tomb was in the Tubo period, during which Tubo had occupied the Qinghai region. The rich accumulation of wealth and civilization development during the Tubo rule, as well as the continuous cultural inputs from the Tang Dynasty and Central Asia, had an important influence on the formation of multi-ethnic culture in Qinghai. The discovery of this tomb has great academic value for exploring the process of the integration of ancient Han-Tibetan cultures and the grand cultural exchanges of the Qinghai Silk Road.
Guangdong "Nanhai I" Southern Song shipwreck underwater archaeological excavation project
Excavation unit: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage
Project leader: Sun Jian, Cui Yong
2019 The ship cargo cleaning is completed and then the post-processing is done after removing the steel beams and steel pipes supporting the caisson and hull
"Nanhai I" Southern Song shipwreck underwater archaeological excavation project is another important achievement of underwater archaeology in my country. In terms of archaeological excavation techniques, there are more difficulties and innovations than in the past underwater archaeology. It is more important to discover cultural relics in a larger scale and more important way. It is also the oldest ancient shipwreck discovered in the waters of China. Its hull is well preserved, and more than 140,000 cultural relics have been unearthed. The discovery and salvage and excavation of "Nanhai I" took nearly 30 years and is also a microcosm of the protection and development of underwater cultural heritage in my country, witnessing the development process of my country's underwater archaeology disciplines from nothing to something, and then to a mature and powerful underwater archaeology discipline.
Source: People's Daily Cultural Channel Source: China Cultural Relics Newspaper
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