Pengpai News reporter He Liping Intern Lu Jinyang
9 million Israel, as one of the countries with the highest level of vaccination and the first country to fully liberalize epidemic control. However, when facing the new coronavirus delta strain , the epidemic rebounded. On the evening of August 20th local time, the latest data on the new crown epidemic released by the Israeli Ministry of Health showed that from 20:00 on August 19 to 18:00 on the 20th, Israel added 7,605 new confirmed cases of new crown pneumonia .
According to data from Johns Hopkins University, the positive rate of all nucleic acid tests in Israel reached 5.5% on August 18, which was only 0.3% at the end of May. The second outbreak of the epidemic in Israel also sounded the alarm for the delta mutant strain for various countries.
Nature quoted Ran Balicer, chief innovation officer of Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest public health network in Israel, saying, "This is a very obvious warning sign for other countries in the world. If this can happen in Israel, it can happen anywhere else." According to GISAID, a global shared influenza data initiative, Israel's Delta variant infections accounted for 84.2% of the total number of new coronavirus infections in the past four weeks.
Previously, studies from various countries showed that although vaccination can reduce the incidence of critical illness and death, the Delta variant is more likely to spread among people who have been vaccinated with the new crown vaccine than other new crown variants.
Research published by the Chinese research team on the medical preprint website shows that the load of the new crown delta strain is 1260 times that of the original new crown strain. Internal documents from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that the Delta strain spreads quickly, and the basic infection number of R0 can reach 8 to 9 people, and it is more likely to cause severe illness. This means that the transmission power of the Delta strain is far greater than that of the original strain of the new crown, SARS , smallpox and other viruses.
Israel is one of the countries with the highest level of COVID-19 vaccination in the world. 78% of people aged 12 and above have been fully vaccinated, and the vast majority of them have received the mRNA vaccine of Pfizer . However, Israel is now one of the countries with the highest rates of COVID-19 infection in the world, with nearly 650 new cases per million people per day, and more than half are fully vaccinated. This highlights the transmittance of the Delta mutant strain, which has strong ability to break through sexual infection. Breakthrough infection refers to the situation where the vaccinated person is still infected after more than 14 days after the vaccine is completely vaccinated.
The situation in Israel also shows that the protective effect of vaccination has gradually declined over time - Israel is the first country in the world to promote the new crown vaccine, and it began to promote it quickly in December 2020. But a report released by the Israeli Ministry of Health in July stated that the protection rate of those who had completed two doses of Pfizer mRNA vaccinations was only 39% from late June to late July, compared with the data from January to April 2021 that the vaccine has a protection rate of up to 95% for other variant strains.
html A study of 19,109 UK cases published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August showed that the difference in effectiveness of a vaccine for the alpha variant and the delta variant can be as high as 12% to 19%. However, the protection rates of the two doses of vaccines for the two variant strains are not very different.
The report also shows that complete vaccination still has a good effect on alleviating critical illnesses. The report shows that the vaccine is 88% effective for hospitalized cases and 91% effective for serious diseases. This is similar to the previous study of 4,920 patient samples in Houston Methodist Hospital System. The study was conducted when the delta variant accounts for the majority of COVID-19 cases. The results show that complete vaccination has a positive effect on reducing severe COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths.
Breakthrough cases are not a small number of. On August 15, 514 Israelis were hospitalized for severe or critical COVID-19, an increase of 31% from 4 days ago. Of these 514 people, 59% were fully vaccinated. Among those who have been vaccinated, 87% are 60 years of age or older. "Most hospitalized patients are vaccinated," said Uri Shalit, a bioinformatician at Israel Institute of Technology, . "The vaccine has some effect, but it is not good enough." The weakening of the effectiveness of the
vaccine is particularly evident in Israelis who were vaccinated in the early stages.A study published in medRxiv in July showed that early vaccinated people had a significantly higher risk of breakout infection than those who were later vaccinated. The study used data from 2.5 million members (25% of Israel’s total population) from Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS), the second largest health maintenance organization in Israel, to compare the incidence of breakthrough infections in early stages (individuals who received the second dose from January to February) and those who received the advanced stages (individuals who received the second dose from March to April).
study results show that the risk of breakthrough infection in early vaccines increased by 53%. When stratifying the results by age, similar trends were found for all age groups. In addition, compared with individuals who received the vaccine in April 2021, the risk of breakthrough infections in January 2021 increased by 2.26 times.
8 A study published in medRxiv proved the July study through comprehensive data on real-time cases in Israel and the dynamic Monte Carlo algorithm (dynamic Monte Carlo algorithm) fitting model. The results show that early vaccinated people have a significantly higher risk of infection with the Delta variant than those who received the vaccine later. It is worth noting that for the elderly who are vaccinated in the early stage, the vaccine has also declined for their serious illness protection rate.
"For the government and the Ministry of Health, the most terrible thing is the burden on the hospital." Dror Mevorach, a doctor at Hadasa Hospital and professor of medicine at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. "The staff are exhausted." Mevorach conducts a weekly support group activity for them, "to avoid some kind of PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) response."
To control the surge in COVID-19 cases, Israel has turned to strengthening injections of its citizens. Since July 30, Israel has begun to inject third doses of vaccines to people over 60 years old, and this vaccination scope has been expanded to citizens aged 50 and above on August 13. According to data from the Israeli Ministry of Health, as of August 17, more than 1.13 million Israelis have received the third dose of the new crown vaccine. The surge in
delta strain cases still attracts attention from many countries to strengthen the injection. The UK initially plans to provide vaccines to people over 50 and other high-risk groups starting September. Several senior US health officials said on August 18 that they will vaccinate the people with the new crown vaccine from September.
enhancement needle may better strengthen its ability to resist the new coronavirus. According to preliminary data from the Israeli Ministry of Health, people over 60 years old are half as likely to be hospitalized in recent days after receiving the third dose. Clalit Health Services (CHS) reported that among more than 4,500 patients receiving intensive injections, 88% said that any side effects from the third injection were not serious, and were even less effective than the second injection.
Editor in charge: Li Yuequn
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