Physical Examination
As the economic level improves, more and more people have begun to pay attention to physical examinations, and many units have also regarded physical examinations as an important part of employee welfare. But many people were confused when they got the physical examination report: "Does there be an arrow or a plus sign at the end mean abnormality?" "Do I really need to see a doctor?" With these questions, let's interpret the "password" of the physical examination report together.
What problems can be found in the physical examination?
Physical examination is different from medical treatment. Visiting a doctor is to see a doctor after you feel uncomfortable. The doctor chooses targeted tests based on your symptoms and signs to diagnose the disease. During the physical examination, you don’t feel uncomfortable, but just hope to detect the disease early through the examination. It is difficult for current physical examination institutions to tailor physical examination items for everyone. Generally, they can only choose physical examination package based on gender and age. You should know that some diseases can be detected early through regular physical examinations, such as hypertension , diabetes , dyslipidemia , cervical cancer , colorectal cancer, etc., and more diseases are difficult to detect early. Therefore, we must correctly view the significance of physical examination. Physical examination is not omnipotent. If you feel uncomfortable, you should still see a doctor in time.
Obest is also a disease
Weight problem has attracted more and more attention from each of us, especially women who love beauty. But unlike us, doctors do not simply look at the measurements, but use a more scientific indicator - body mass index (BMI) to measure a person's weight and thinness.
Putting aside worldly aesthetics and values, obesity is really the source of all evils. Hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases , arthritis, and even tumors are all related to obesity, so World Health Organization has listed obesity as a disease. If your BMI has exceeded the standard, don’t take it lightly. Everyone knows the truth - keep your mouth shut and move your legs!
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in adults
0The most common chronic disease in physical examination is undoubtedly high blood pressure, because hypertension is the most common. The diagnostic criteria for hypertension are systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. Of course, one blood pressure exceeds the standard cannot confirm hypertension, and multiple repeated measurements are required. If the physical examination finds that the blood pressure exceeds 140/90 mmHg, it is best to buy an blood pressure monitor and immediately, and test it several times at home. If the standard exceeds the standard many times, it is time to see a doctor.
Someone may ask: "Is electronic blood sphygmomanometer not as accurate as mercury blood sphygmomanometer ?" You don't have to worry about this question at all. artificial intelligence has developed so rapidly. The mercury blood sphygmomanometer, which is not environmentally friendly and inconvenient to operate, will soon be eliminated. The blood pressure self-tested at home is also of certain reference value.
Can a physical examination diagnose diabetes?
can! The current diagnostic criteria for diabetes only need to meet one of the following three items: fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/liter; blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/liter 2 hours after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5%. Regular physical examinations include fasting blood sugar tests, and many physical examination packages also contain glycated hemoglobin, so routine physical examinations are fully capable of detecting diabetes. If your fasting blood sugar or glycated hemoglobin meets the above standards, hurry up and seek help from a doctor.
You may have found that the upper limit of the normal value of fasting blood sugar in the physical examination report is not 7.0 mmol/liter but 6.1 mmol/liter, and the upper limit of the normal value of glycated hemoglobin is not 6.5% but 6%. People who have exceeded the normal value but have not met the diagnostic criteria for diabetes are on the dangerous road to diabetes, and there is still a chance to stop, so we must pay attention to it. How to read the
blood lipid test form?
Commonly used blood lipid indicators in clinical practice include total cholesterol, triglyceride , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Among them, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol have the same properties. The former is "good cholesterol ", which is better if the level is higher; the latter is "bad cholesterol", which is more likely to occur than normal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Therefore, the term "hyperlipidemia" is not scientific, and the more reasonable name for the disease is "dyslipidemia".
LDL cholesterol is the indicator that doctors pay most attention to because its heightening is most closely related to dangerous diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, , etc. The normal values of LDL cholesterol are different for different populations. The higher the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the lower the level of LDL cholesterol needs to be controlled.
is used to manage LDL cholesterol levels, and doctors generally carry out stratified management. The extremely high-risk groups are those who have been clearly diagnosed with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, such as having myocardial infarction, heart stent , and having stroke; the high-risk groups have diabetes or hypertension, plus 1 to 2 risk factors; others are temporarily a healthy group.
Sometimes the results of LDL cholesterol do not show arrows after the results, but in fact the results have exceeded the range of <3.37>
blood regular ?
There are more than 20 blood routines in the physical examination report. People often find that several of their examination results are not within the reference range, and there are upward or downward arrows. There is an arrow that is a problem? Actually, it is not the case. Let me secretly tell you that for routine blood tests, doctors generally look at three items: leukocyte , hemoglobin, platelet . If these three items are normal, there are one or two arrows in the others and don’t need to worry about it. So even if the blood-regular test sheet has arrows, as long as these three items are normal, it is not a problem! Of course, if there are arrows in the three items of leukocytes, hemoglobin and platelets, it is best to see a doctor.
Is there any kidney problem with in urine?
The discovery of red blood cells in urine (the medical term is "microscopic hematuria") is a common problem that everyone encounters during physical examinations. In most cases, this is not a serious matter. Possible causes include before and after menstruation, urinary tract infections, urinary tract stones, etc. Even if the doctor judges that hematuria comes from the kidneys, there is no need to worry too much. nephritis, which is simply manifested as microscopic hematuria, is the mildest nephritis, and often it does not even require treatment. Only a very small number of microscopic hematuria is caused by tumors in the bladder or kidney.
So don’t be nervous when you find red blood cells in urine routine. The key is to check. If microscopic hematuria persists, you can find a doctor to see it and clarify the source of hematuria.
tumor marker is reliable?
The physical examination packages of many physical examination institutions include tumor marker detection. Is it reliable to use tumor markers to screen tumors?
is of course unreliable! These so-called tumor markers cannot be increased by 100% indicating that there is a tumor, and normal cannot be ruled out 100%. The vast majority of tumor markers are examinations used by doctors when performing auxiliary diagnosis of patients with suspected tumors (that is, patients with clinical manifestations). They cannot be used for tumor screening in normal populations. The significance of the tumor marker prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which can be used for prostate cancer screening, is also questioned.
Here we need to remind everyone that tumor screening needs personal treatment, and it is by no means possible to solve it in one blood. What should I do if I find a cyst in
B ultrasound ?
Most of the abnormalities found in B ultra- in physical examination are benign, such as breast cyst , liver cyst , liver hemangioma , gallbladder stone , gallbladder polyps , kidney stone , kidney hamartoma , uterine fibroids, attachment cysts... These benign lesions do not require treatment in most cases.
You just need to look out last year's physical examination report. If the B-ultrasound of last year also prompts an abnormality and the size has not changed, you can be relatively at ease. If the lesion is significantly enlarged, you need to go to surgery or gynecology.
has said so much, the most important thing is to remind everyone that they must view the physical examination report correctly. The physical examination is to make yourself healthier. Since you have undergone a physical examination, please read the physical examination report carefully. Don’t be nervous if you find a problem. If you should see a doctor, see the doctor, and if you should review it. If you don’t think about tea or food because of a little abnormality, the meaning of the physical examination will be lost.
Finally, I would like to remind everyone that you must save the physical examination report for each time. Physical examination reports at different times can provide some dynamic changes in indicators, which is more meaningful for doctors' diagnosis.
Content source: People's Health Publishing House published "The Truth of Health Behind Rumors Doctors Have Good Words"
Author of this article: Peking Union Medical College Hospital Huang Xiaoming
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