Author: Sasha
This article is original by Sasha, and any media is not allowed to reprint
Today in Sasha's history.
Daming artillery bombardment 2,500 shots in one day: On January 25, 1662, Zheng Chenggong captured Taiwan Relan Chacheng
in the Ming Dynasty, Taiwan was also a sparsely populated place, with only a few hundred thousand Han people, and many places were deserted.
Dutch, to be precise, the Dutch East India Company has only occupied a large population area like Tainan since it occupied Taiwan. This is mainly because the East India Company is a commercial company after all, and is unwilling to invest a lot of money in building a colony. After all, Taiwan does not have any previous production.
East India Company does not have the ambition to build a colony regardless of everything, what it needs is to make money.
However, the Dutch still built two solid fortresses, Prominzha City (Chician City) and Jelanzha City (Taiwan City), spending huge funds in Taiwan.
Among them, Relan Cha City is the most sturdy, and the first phase took 5 years to build.
Relanzha City is very famous and is the most advanced lever in Europe at that time.
The so-called bastion is a special castle from Europe from the 16th to the 19th century. After the artillery appeared, traditional European castles became useless. In ancient times, infantry swarmed up the city walls and encountered bows, falling rocks and even hot oil, which is now impossible. The cannons would only fire a large number of solid shells from far away, breaking the castle into ruins. In combat like
, the attacking side has a great advantage. It can choose any direction to attack, especially the firepower blind spots of the castle.
There is a spear and a shield, and a bastion appears. The stolen castle system is a complex castle system, with a low, inclined and high thickness anti-cannon wall.
anti-aircraft wall has an angle, high thickness, and shells are difficult to penetrate. Once the anti-aircraft wall is hit, the shells are prone to bounce, greatly reducing the power of the shells.
At the same time, the special design of the castle makes the castle free of dead corners in firepower, increasing its defense ability.
Zheng Chenggong's army first surrounded Promin Chacheng after he entered Taiwan.
Promin Chacheng has a design flaw, that is, drinking water must rely on the stream outside. After Zheng Chenggong and Ming army cut off the stream, the defenders opened the city and surrendered three days later, which was also considered smart.
However, Relan Chacheng is not so easy to deal with!
Zheng Chenggong's Ming army's cannon cannot destroy this bastion head-on.
Speaking of which, Zheng Chenggong's cannon is actually very advanced.
Many people say that the Ming Dynasty's artillery was behind, which is nonsense. In the history of the Ming Dynasty, artillery was always highly valued, including early and mid-stage destroying artillery, general artillery, etc., which were all very practical artillery.
However, the performance of these guns has certain defects, mainly because they do not have the most appropriate proportion.
Everyone knows that after the gunpowder of the artillery is ignited, a huge chamber pressure will appear, and the shells will be pushed out of the chamber. While the shell was fired, all parts of the cannon were also subjected to great impact. If the metal of the artillery is insufficient, it will cause the cannon sound to collapse or even explode, with serious consequences.
However, artillery is used for war and cannot be made infinitely heavy, which will lead to too much weight, difficult to maneuver, and difficult to cast.
More importantly, the pressures under different parts of the artillery are different. The medicine room has the greatest bearing capacity and the barrel is smaller. Therefore, the medicine chamber can be made thicker, while the cannon chamber can be thinner.
So, we need to find the most suitable ratio.
In the beginning, the Ming Dynasty was not as good as the Europeans. Most of the early artillery were cylindrical or large and small chimney-shaped.
In the middle and late Ming dynasties, by purchasing and imitating Western artillery, the Ming Dynasty mastered the best proportions in the West and produced the famous red-clothed cannon.
The red cannon is spindle-shaped, with different thicknesses in each part, generally reaching a perfect proportion. The basic size ratio of the red-clothed cannon remains unchanged until the Opium War 200 years later.It can be seen that the red-clothed cannon technology imitated by the Ming Dynasty is already world-class.
, and Zheng Chenggong's Ming army mostly came from his father Zheng Zhilong . As we all know, Zheng Zhilong was born as a pirate, half-thief and half-market, and attached great importance to naval warfare. Through cooperation with Westerners, he purchased and made a large number of advanced artillery, which reached the relatively advanced level in Europe in terms of firepower.
Naturally, in terms of artillery casting technology, there is still a certain gap in the technology of Zheng Chenggong's army, but it is not big.
TraitorShi LangWhen he defeated Zheng Chenggong's Ming army in Penghu, he seized a large number of artillery on the warships, including 12 red-clothed copper cannons, all of which are four or five thousand kilograms of cannons, with shells weighing more than twenty kilograms; there are also two red-clothed iron cannons, weighing more than seven thousand kilograms, and shells weighing more than 30 kilograms.
According to European saying, the red-clothed iron cannon should be a 40-pound cannon. This is very scary.
In the First Opium War 200 years later, the standard artillery of British warships was only 32-pound cannons, which weighed the same as the five thousand kilogram cannons of Chinese cannons.
It’s a pity that even a red cannon of this level is still not enough to deal with such a huge bastion as Relanzhe.
In artillery battle, the red-clothed cannon cannot quickly destroy the bastion, but will be counterattacked by the enemy's artillery and will be easily suppressed.
without artillery destroying the bastion, forcibly siegeing the city with infantry is equivalent to killing death.
In this case, Zheng Chenggong turned to siege Relanzha City for a long time to reduce casualties. At the same time, the sea reinforcements of the Dutch people were repelled by Zheng Chenggong in succession.
Dutch defenders struggled to support him for 9 months, with ammunition and food exhausted, and the morale of the army was declining, and some people began to surrender. After a Dutch soldier surrendered, he pointed out the shortcomings of the defense of Jelancha. There is a branch fort in Jelancha, Utrecht fort. Utrecht Fort is located on a hill near Jelanzha. Its terrain is very high. The artillery set up above can cover the entire area and provide side fire support.
However, Utrecht Fort is much smaller than Helan Cham, with weaker defense and is more likely to be broken. Once Utrecht Fort was captured, Zheng Chenggong could use cannons from a high position and violently bombard the main city of Relanzha. On the contrary, the Dutch artillery was difficult to fight back effectively and would undoubtedly lose.
Therefore, Zheng Chenggong adjusted his strategy, built three forts near Utrecht Fort, deployed 28 red cannons, and 2 cannons were used to restrain the main city of Relanzha.
On January 25, 1662, Zheng Chenggong launched a general attack, and 30 cannons began to bombard violently!
Normally, ancient artillery cannons cannot be compared with today. The number of artillery bombardments in a single day is very limited, usually only 200 to 300 shots, and if there are more, it is easy to cause danger.
However, these 30 cannons fired more than 1,000 shells in just one morning, which is equivalent to more than 30 fires per cannon. Under the slam of these 1,000 shells, the smaller Utrecht Fort was quickly smashed into ruins. Most of the Dutch defenders in the fort were killed and the remaining troops fled.
After defeating Utrecht Fort, Jelanzha City will inevitably fall. At this time, Zheng Chenggong's 30 cannons continued to shell until the afternoon, and 2,500 shells were fired in 9 hours that day.
Relanzha City was shelled, although it was not as destroyed, it could no longer hold on.
As long as Zheng Chenggong sets up a fort at the Utrecht Fort and continues to bombard, sooner or later, the Rhlanzha will be beaten into a pile of rubble. Moreover, the terrible shelling of 2,500 shells a day also made the Dutch lose their fighting consciousness.
Sure enough, on the 26th, Zheng Chenggong began to adjust the artillery deployment and prepare for a new round of artillery attacks.
At this point, the Dutch could no longer hold on. On the 27th, more than 900 people left to surrender, and the Battle of Taiwan ended.
It can be said that the Battle of Taiwan is a decisive battle between the two strong men, and it is also a very exciting artillery battle and offensive and defensive battle.
The ultimate winner was the Ming Dynasty, which shows that the level of artillery technology in the Ming Dynasty has always remained world-class.
On the contrary, until the First Opium War, the artillery technology of the Qing Dynasty not only did not make any breakthroughs, but many artillery were even worse than the red cannons.
In the first Opium War, it was considered an impregnable Humen Fortress by Lin Zexu , but it was captured by the British army within one day. At that time, the British army dispatched a total of 18 large and small ships to the estuary of the Pearl River, and the 460 cannons from the Humen Fortress did not hit the enemy. All 10 turrets of different sizes fell into the hands of the enemy.
If you either destroy the country, you will have a ghost!
Statement:
The pictures in this article are from Baidu pictures on the Internet. If there is any infringement, please notify us to delete them.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-