The "October Revolution" brought Marxism to the dark land of China at that time. Advanced Chinese revolutionaries found that among various ideas and theories, only Marxism-Leninism revealed the laws of development of human society, provided the theory of social revolution against imperialism and colonialism that China urgently needed, and provided the correct way to organize revolutionary parties. So, a group of passionate young people and wise men resolutely chose Marxism-Leninism and the path of the October Revolution. But the waves wash away the sand. Some of them persist in their faith until the end of their lives, while others stop halfway, and some go against their original intentions.
The story of "Southern Chen Bei Li" meeting to establish the party is already familiar, so I won't repeat it. In the 100-year history of the Party, few people mentioned the original group of young people. Who are they and what is their ending?
Today's historical conclusion has a saying that before the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, communist groups had been established in various places. (Note: In fact, the term communist group was named after the time of recording and writing party history. At that time, it was not unified. For example, in Beijing, the first three-person organization of Li Dazhao, Zhang Guotao and Zhang Shenfu was first named "Communist Group". Before the First Congress, with the increase of personnel, it was renamed "Communist Party Beijing Branch", etc. In addition, the earliest group members recorded today were not complete. In many of today's party history discussions, the "early party organization" has been replaced by "communist group"), and in the dark night of , the sparks were beating from beginning to beginning.
Shanghai Initiative Group (early organization of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai):
Chen Duxiu: One of the most important founders of the Communist Party of China, a great scholar of the generation. Later, he was expelled from the party for historical reasons and died of illness in Jiangjin, Sichuan in 1942.
Li Da: The first major of the Communist Party of China represents. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the president of Hunan University and Wuhan University, a member of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, president of the Chinese Philosophy Society, and a famous Marxist philosopher. Died in 1966.
Li Hanjun: Martyr, representative of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China. In 1927, he was killed by warlord Hu Zongduo in Wuhan.
Yu Xiusong : Martyr. The first fighter who fought against Wang Ming and was the first secretary of the Chinese Socialist Youth League. He was framed by Wang Ming and Kang Sheng in the late 1930s and was taken to the Soviet Union. He was later killed in the Soviet Union's "anti-counterattack".
Chen Wangdao: The first Chinese version translator of " Communist Manifesto ", he left the party in the summer of 1923, joined the Democratic League in 1951, and rejoined the party in 1957. He died of illness in Shanghai on October 29, 1977.
Shao Lizi: A famous contemporary Chinese literati. He withdrew from the Party in 1926 and later became an important influential figure in the Kuomintang. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as a member of the of the State Council and a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In 1956, he served as the first deputy chairman of the "Peaceful Liberation of Taiwan Committee" of the Democratic League. He died of illness in Beijing on December 25, 1967.
Shao Lizi
Shen Xuanlu : Destroy the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party , was expelled from the party, and became a member of the right-wing "Xishan Conference faction" of the Kuomintang at that time. He was assassinated in August 1928.
Shen Zemin : One of the founders of the China Socialist Youth League, formerly the Minister of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of and the Secretary of the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Provincial Party Committee. He died of illness in Tiantai Mountain, Huang'an County, Hubei Province on November 20, 1933.
Li Qihan : Martyr, a famous leader of the labor movement. He has served as executive member and director of the Organization of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions of China, and member and secretary-general of the Provincial and Hong Kong General Strike Committee. He was arrested and killed in the counter-revolutionary coup in Guangzhou in April 1927.
Yang Mingzhai : Martyr, the earliest party member in China ( Russian Communist Party ), is known as "the midwife and guardian of the early party organizations of the Communist Party of China". He is one of the few Marxist theorists within the Communist Party of China during the founding of the Party. Later, he suffered injustice in the Soviet Union, and was framed and arrested in the Soviet Union in 1938, and was killed in May of that year.
Shen Yanbing : that is, Mao Dun , a great contemporary Chinese writer, a pioneer of the Chinese New Culture Movement , and one of the founders of China's revolutionary literature and art. His representative works include "Midnight" and so on. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and Minister of Culture. He died of illness in Beijing on March 27, 1981.
Gao Yuhan: A famous modern and contemporary literati and a pioneer of the "May Fourth Movement". He was one of the "Four Great Masters of Huangpu Military Academy" among the instructors. He followed Chen Duxiu and was expelled from the party in November 1929. He died of illness in Nanjing in 1948.
Shao Lizi
Lin Boqu: an old member of Tongmenghui, a famous educator in modern and contemporary China. One of the famous "Five Old Masters of Yan'an" in northern Shaanxi, the Communist Party of China was once the chairman of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as Secretary-General of the Central People's Government Committee and Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress. He died of illness in Beijing on May 29, 1960.
Li Zhong: Also known as Li Shenglian, there is an article introducing him as "the first working party member in the history of the Communist Party of China" (with doubts). After being arrested and released in 1927, he lost contact with the organization (withdrawal from the party). Later, he worked in his hometown of Hunan. On July 9, 1951, he died of illness in Nan County, Hunan Province on his way to Beijing by Mao Zedong.
Early Party organizations in Beijing:
Li Dazhao: Martyr, one of the most important founders of the Communist Party of China, thinker, and an indispensable great leader in the early days of the founding of the Communist Party of China. After the founding of the Party, he represented the Central Committee to guide the Party’s work in the northern region. On April 28, 1927, he was killed by Zhang Zuolin, a warlord of in Beijing.
Deng Zhongxia: Martyr, Marxist theorist. He served as Secretary-General and Minister of Propaganda of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and led the "Provincial and Hong Kong General Strike". Later, he served as Secretary of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and Acting Secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee. He was elected as a member of the Central Executive Bureau of the Red Workers International, Secretary of the Hunan-Jiangxi West Special Committee, Political Commissar of the Red 2 Corps, Director and Party Secretary of the National Red Mutual Aid Association. He was killed on September 21, 1933 in Yuhuatai, Nanjing.
Zhang Guotao: Traitor. A representative of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, who was the actual leader of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Area and the Red Fourth Front Army, rebeled in the Kuomintang when he was worshiping the Yellow Emperor Mausoleum 8. After many efforts by the Central Committee, he was expelled from the party on April 18 of that year. Later, he joined the Military Control Commission and engaged in anti-communist spy activities as a major general. He died of illness in Toronto, Canada on December 3, 1979.
Gao Junyu : Also known as Gao Shangde , a famous student movement leader, and his love with Shi Pingmei has become a legend of revolutionary romanticism. He served as Secretary of Sun Yat-sen, a member of the Central Committee of the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China, and also served as the editor of the party newspaper " Guide ". The "Three National Congresses" of the Communist Party of China took office as a member of the Central Education Commission. After participating in the "Fourth Congress" of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai in March 1925, he unfortunately died of appendicitis surgery.
Luo Zhanglong: A famous Chinese sociologist and economist, an early leader of China's labor movement. He served as a member of the Third Politburo of the Communist Party of China, Secretary of the Working Committee of the CPC Central Committee, Secretary-General of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and Secretary of the Party League. However, because of the disagreement with the leadership of the central decision-making level at that time, the "Central African Committee (Central Extraordinary Committee)" was organized and was expelled from the party in January 1931. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he taught in Hunan and Hubei University. He died in Beijing on February 3, 1995.
Liu Renjing: A representative of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, later became a "Trotskyist" member and was expelled from the party in November 1929. He was arrested and sentenced to two years in prison by the Kuomintang. Shortly after he was released from prison, he defected to the Kuomintang and became a cultural spy (serving the Three Youth Leagues, the War Cadres League, etc.), and published anti-communist articles. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he taught at Beijing Normal University and compiled in People's Publishing House. He was later arrested and detained. After being released from prison, he served as a special translator for the People's Publishing House and a consultant to the State Council.
Fan Hongli: Martyr, formerly served as a member of the Beijing District Executive Committee and Chairman of the Beijing Prefectural Committee, Organization Minister, and Organization Minister of the Northern District Committee. On April 28, 1927, he was arrested with Li Dazhao and died together.
Fan Hongjiu
He Mengxiong: Martyr, politician, proletarian revolutionary. He served as secretary of the Beijing Prefectural Committee, secretary of the Tangshan Municipal Party Committee, and secretary of the Wuhan Municipal Party Committee. Member of the Standing Committee of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee.He was executed in Shanghai on February 7, 1931.
Zhang Tailei: Martyr, politician, one of the important early leaders of China, one of the founders of the Chinese Socialist Youth League, and one of the main leaders of the Guangzhou Uprising . It is the first representative of the Communist Party of China sent to youth Communist International . On December 12, 1927, during the Guangzhou Uprising, he was personally on the front line and was shot and died by a bullet. Become the first Central Committee member and Politburo member to die on the front line of the war.
年Boying: Martyr, the wife of He Mengxiong. The first female party member of the Communist Party of China became the first secretary of the Women's Committee of Hunan Provincial Party Committee. In 1927, at the time when the white terror was at its peak, I went to Shanghai to carry out secret work in China. In October 1929, he suffered from typhoid fever due to labor and died of typhoid fever at Shanghai Renji Hospital .
王Boying
Li Jun: He was the chairman of the Student Movement Committee of the Beijing Youth League Prefectural Committee, and was later expelled from the party.
Li Meigeng: He has served as the Finance Committee of the Beijing Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Secretary of the Beijing District Committee. During his time in Shanghai, the Central Committee served as the interpreter director of the Working Committee of the CPC Central Committee. Due to Wang Ming's persecution, he was lifted out of work and lost his source of life. Later, he was introduced to Nanning to teach and died of illness in Nanning on August 12, 1934.
Chen Weiren : Martyr, the most tolerant soldier on the hidden front of the Communist Party of China, the immortal unsung hero. He was the first secretary of the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee and the guardian of the largest and most core secret " Central Library " of the Communist Party of China. He was the founder of the miracle that created these confidential documents after the bloody storm and was completely handed over to the central government after the founding of the People's Republic of China. He worked hard and suffered from accumulated illness, and died of illness in Shanghai on March 12, 1937.
chen Weiren
Early Party organizations in Hunan:
Mao Zedong: Representative of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China, founding leader, and one of the founders of New China. The pioneer of the sinicization of Marxism, the great patriot and national hero of China since modern times, and the core of the first generation of the central leadership of the Communist Party of China, is one of the most influential figures in the world in the 20th century. He died of illness in Beijing on September 9, 1976.
Young Mao Zedong
He Shuheng: Martyr, representative of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China. He has served as a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic, a member of the Procuratorate of Workers and Peasants of the Procuratorate of the Provisional Central Government, acting minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and chairman of the Provisional Supreme Court. After the Long March of the Red Army, they stayed in the Central Soviet Area and insisted on the guerrilla war. They died in Changting, Fujian on February 24, 1935.
Peng Huang : At the end of 1929, he disappeared due to mental disorder in Changsha.
Chen Chang: Martyr, formerly served as secretary of Liuxite Committee and director of the Political Department of the Second Division of the 35th Army of the Northern Expedition Army. After 4.12, he served as the leader of He Long's army and participated in the Nanchang Uprising . Later, he worked in the Hunan Provincial Party Committee in Shanghai. In 1930, he was unfortunately arrested on his way to the western Hunan-Hubei base area as a central commissioner. He was bravely executed in Changsha on February 24, 1930.
Chen Chang
Xiao Zheng: Regarding this early member of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong once mentioned in northern Shaanxi when he talked to Snow : Xiao Zheng - a famous leader of the party, one of the six signers of the original program when the party was founded, died of illness soon.
Peng Pingzhi: Martyr, Mao Zedong. An outstanding activist in the early peasant movement in Hunan participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising . He once worked in the Central Soviet Area, but his time was no longer available to be sacrificed
Chen Zibo : Martyr, leader of the Hunan Youth Movement. In 1924, due to dissatisfaction with the warlord Zhao Hengti, who was in charge of Hunan at that time, he prepared for a bomb and failed to assassinate. He hid in the septic tank for three days, suffered injuries and poisoning, and died of illness in Xiangxiang, Hunan on January 23, 1924.
(To be continued)
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