The Tang Dynasty was an extremely glorious dynasty in history. While the country was strong, the royal family was also a huge group. The large number of royal concubines was the norm in ancient China. However, when it comes to women who were well-known in the Tang Dynasty, we have to say that Wu Zetian, Yang Guifei and Shangguan Wan'er .
1. Wu Zetian and wine
When Wu Zetian visited Jiulongtan, the poem "Visiting Jiulongtan" was circulated, which reads "The bamboo leaves floating in the wine, and lotus on the cup." The simple description of the scenery can no longer satisfy the author's feelings. It is necessary to use wine to describe the scenery. It can be seen that "wine" is an important part of Wu Zetian's poetic sentiment.
However, as a powerful ruler of the dynasty, Wu Zetian had very few opportunities to go out and mostly lived in the palace on weekdays. Banquets are naturally indispensable in the place where the emperor lives. No matter what kind of banquet it is, it is normal to have a few drinks during the period to make the atmosphere. In Wu Zetian's " Early Spring Night Banquet ", there is "You only need to give wine to full, but you don't need to have a thin glass." During the night banquet, enjoying the moon and drinking, it is extremely refreshing, and the lines reveal a sense of straightforwardness and generousness that is as good as men. From this point of view, Wu Zetian has a deeper relationship with wine. It is not only used to play and fun, but also "wine" is also indispensable when attending banquets on weekdays.
In addition to drinking by himself, Wu Zetian also gave wine to his ministers and the people. " Old Tang Books . Etiquette II" records:
"On the first month of the first month of Yongchang, I personally enjoyed the Mingtang, and the general amnesty was changed... Since the Mingtang was completed, even women from the Eastern Capital and the elders of the states entered the temple and gave them wine and food, and it was stopped after a long time."
Which Mingtang was established during the reign of Wu Zetian to serve as sacrifices. After completion, women from Dongdu were allowed to visit and wine and food were provided to the women who came to visit. Although this behavior is mainly intended to demonstrate the greatness of the emperor's grace, it can also be seen that the emperor's methods are diverse when exerting the emperor's grace, and giving people wine and food is also one of the means. It was also specifically mentioned that women in Dongdu could come to visit, which shows how much women were valued at that time. Women could share the same benefits as other men.
2. Compared with Wu Zetian, Yang Guifei wrote very few poems. However, because of the legendary character of Yang Guifei, others left some poems with her as the protagonist, so the connection between the imperial concubine and wine mostly comes from third parties' records of Yang Guifei.
As the most popular concubine, Yang Guifei would naturally accompany Tang Xuanzong to drink and have fun. Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" shows the origin of a favorite concubine and "wine" to readers. The sentence "Have no leisure to serve the banquet" points out the high frequency of Yang Guifei accompanying Emperor Xuanzong of Tang to participate in the banquet, and drinking is naturally indispensable at the banquet. "The golden house is made up and served at night, and the jade house banquet is drunk and spring" , the banquet on the jade house ended, and Yang Guifei, who was already drunk, had her eyes flowed and her eyes shining brightly. The beauty of this drunkenness made the king "possessed with three thousand people". It can be seen that although "wine" is not necessarily as common as eating and sleeping in Yang Guifei's life, it is also essential.
"Wine" In Yang Yuhuan 's career as a concubine, it is not only something that must be touched when participating in some occasions, but also used to increase the quality of life and add interest in life. "Miscellaneous Records of Pine Window" records "The concubine holds a glass of seven treasures, drinks the wine of Xiliangzhou, laughs and songs, and has a strong meaning." This is the scene when Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and Yang Guifei enjoy the flowers together. There was a palace servant next to him, and the imperial concubine sang with a hazy and drunken smile.
Holding a glass of seven treasures in your hand, you can see the exquisiteness of the wine utensils, which are filled with valuable wines in the Western Regions. The red wine in the glass glass reflects a confusing color, which complements the dazzling starry eyes of the beauty when she sings. It is such a beautiful woman singing and drinking.
also added a little legendary color to the "wine". "The Legend of Kaiyuan Tianbao" records:
"The Emperor Ming and the Imperial Concubine were at the Huaqing Palace. After being drunk, they woke up and looked at the same time with their concubines. They broke a branch and sniffed their beauty with their concubines. The emperor said, "Not only daylily forgets worries, but this flower is fragrant, which can be sober.’”
In this case, the wood peony is called sober and hops, and the "Miscellaneous Records of Pine Window" written by Li Jun of the Tang Dynasty wrote: "In the Kaiyuan period, the first ban on the middle is heavy on the wood peony, which is now peony. Kaiyuan Tianbao flower, Humu and peony, this record is a peony flower. " It shows that the Tang people in the palace were used to calling peonies wood peony. Naturally, in "The Legend of Kaiyuan Tianbao", the sober hops mentioned by Emperor Minghuang of Tang are the favorite peony of the Tang people. This flower does have medicinal functions, but its sober function has not been circulated. It can be seen that this sober hops are a joke by Emperor Xuanzong to the imperial concubine. Emperor Xuanzong favored Yang Guifei and went to the garden with the imperial concubine after waking up from a hangover. The imperial concubine's appearance is very beautiful, even better than peony. Emperor Xuanzong He loved it very much. So he borrowed peony to imply the hops and hops to Yang Guifei, which was used to indicate that the gentle and charming concubine after the hangover was also the hops in the mind of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, which shows that she was very fond of.
3. Shangguan Wan'er and wine
mentioned the example of women as officials in the Tang Dynasty, and it was Shangguan Wan'er. "Zhongzong Shangguan Zhaorong, named Wan'er, was the grandson of the Xitai Shilang Yi. "
Shangguan Wan'er is the granddaughter of Prime Minister Shangguan Yi, and is a famous female official and poet in the Tang Dynasty. "Old Book of Tang" records:
" When Tianshi was in the time of heaven, Wan'er should be punished against the order, and then Tian cherishes his talent and does not kill him, but just tattoo his face. Since the Holy Calendar, hundreds of officials have commended the memorial service and ordered them to participate in the judgment. When Zhongzong ascended the throne, he ordered his destiny to be controlled and was deeply trusted. "
Shangguan Wan'er is a descendant of an official family and has a family background as an official. Later, because her talent gradually revealed, she was promoted to a female official. This woman not only had a long sleeve and good dance in the officialdom, but also had extremely high literary attainments. "Wan'er often advised Zhao Literature to recruit the ministers of the dynasty, and gave him several banquets and wrote poems and singing. "
Shangguan Wan'er is very good at banquets, entertainment, poetry and songs, and she left many good sentences when she was in the mood. As a woman who was very close to the center of power, Wan'er often accompanied her to , Tang Zhongzong , and served her. Not only did she assist Tang Zhongzong in government affairs, but she also did something about drinking and having fun. The "Three Poems of the Happiness of Xinfeng Hot Spring Palace" written when she was accompanying her, it was written by , "The green curtains, pearl curtains, and the moon camp is open, and the golden lining and jade are spread across the Lanying. I always hang out every year, and I will enjoy peace for a long time. "
It mentions that the wine glass used in the hot spring palace is gold, and the wine warming utensil is jade, which is very exquisite. The wine "Lan Ying" contained in it is of high quality. Han Meicheng wrote in " Qifa " that "Lan Ying's wine is to cleanse her mouth. "
It can be seen that Lanying used to refer to fine wine in the Han Dynasty, and this is what Wan'er said in her poems may be the name of a wine or other fine wines. Shangguan Wan'er accompanied Zhongzong to visit the Hot Spring Palace. The scenery of this palace is pleasant and the environment is beautiful. The king under relaxation takes a few drinks with this scene, and thus was written by Wan'er in his poem.
References:
(Last Jin) Liu Bing et al.: "Old Book of Tang"
(Song Dynasty) Wang Pu: "Tang Huiyao"
(Song Dynasty) Ouyang Xiu et al.: "New Book of Tang"
(Song Dynasty) Editor of Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House: "Tang Five Dynasties Novels Daguan"
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