Text/ China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute Vice President Qu Jian, Director of the Regional Development Planning Institute Liu Rongxin, Director of the Industrial Development and Urban Planning Center Peng Jian, Director of the Institute of Finance and Modern Industry Liu Guohong
Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel Project is a national key construction project approved by the State Council. It is the first cross-border highway project in China to date under the background of "one country, two systems", setting a successful precedent for cooperation between the Mainland and Hong Kong in the field of large-scale infrastructure. On July 1, 2007, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland, after 16 years of planning and construction, the western channel of Shenzhen-Hong Kong was officially opened to traffic. As of the end of June 2019, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel has been operating smoothly for 12 years.
//Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel Engineering Project Decision Process Schematic
2008, according to the requirements of the Shenzhen Municipal Government, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel owner Shenzhen Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel Engineering Construction Office organized the technical research and experience summary of the project. China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute is responsible for coordinating and promoting close cooperation between Hong Kong Road Administration, Tongji University , Shenzhen Urban Planning and Design Institute, and Shenzhen University and other Western Channel project technical support units, coordinate the research sub-achieves of related projects and compile the "Research on the Early Management Integration of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Large-scale Cross-border Engineering Projects Integrated Preliminary Management Integration Research" , one of the sub-achievements of projects, , independently won the third prize of the 2008 National Excellent Engineering Consulting Achievements. In addition, six academic papers were published publicly and participated in a national academic exchange meeting, which played a positive reference and promoting role in summarizing the experience of decision-making and implementation of major national engineering projects.
1. Background of construction of major engineering projects
As a national key project, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong western channel project is not only a concrete practice of "one country, two systems", but also a successful precedent for cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong in large-scale infrastructure under "one country, two systems", but also an important breakthrough in the field of highway and bridge construction technology. Its completion and access are of great strategic significance and positive external benefits for opening up the context of Guangdong-Hong Kong cooperation and Pan-Pearl River Delta cooperation, ensuring the smooth flow of people and logistics in the two places, and promoting the integration and coordinated development of economy and culture.
//Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel Project— Shenzhen Bay Bridge
Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel Main Project includes the Shenzhen Bay Cross-Sea Bridge connecting Hong Kong and Shenzhen and the "One Place and Two Inspections" (hereinafter referred to as one Place and Two Inspections) port. Among them, the Shenzhen Bay Highway Bridge is currently the widest and highest standard highway bridge in China. It has a design life of 120 years and a designed driving speed of 100 kilometers per hour. Although the Shenzhen Bay Highway Bridge is jointly invested by the governments of Shenzhen and Hong Kong, both Shenzhen and Hong Kong have strict unified technical standards in terms of bridge deck width, driving lane width, road cross slope, etc. Therefore, the bridge is actually a whole with completely consistent external shape and bridge structure, reflecting the results of the heavy hard coordination and docking work between Shenzhen and Hong Kong in the preliminary research, project preparation, project implementation and other stages. Shenzhen Bay Port is the throat project of the Western Channel. After completion, it has become the largest modern and intelligent port of similar ports in the world with the most advanced facilities. The Shenzhen Bay Port one-site two-inspection model is a concrete practice of the great concept of "one country, two systems". It breaks through obstacles at the administrative and judicial levels of the two places and creates a new cooperation model between the two places, fully reflecting the creativity and flexibility of one country, two systems.
2. The necessity of carrying out research and consultation
Under the background of "one country, two systems", Shenzhen and Hong Kong belong to different political and economic systems, which makes the construction of the western channel of Shenzhen and Hong Kong not smooth sailing. Many complex problems in the construction process have been properly handled and resolved one by one through the outstanding arduous exploration, coordination and innovation of both Shenzhen and Hong Kong.
First, there are differences in the system, model, method and process of construction projects in Shenzhen and Hong Kong for the preliminary management and decision-making of construction projects, which determines that in the preliminary research and decision-making process of Shenzhen and Hong Kong, there are a lot of arduous coordination work in demand forecasting, construction plans, technical standards, economic evaluation results, environmental benefit assessment, etc. in the preliminary research and decision-making process of the Western Channel project.
Second, Shenzhen Bay Port adopts the one-site and two-inspection model for the first time in China. This model involves the jurisdiction of Hong Kong and the Mainland, cross-border law enforcement, customs system and entry and exit supervision, transportation policies and urban planning, technical standards, construction management coordination, etc., especially the cross-border law enforcement and judicial jurisdiction issues of Hong Kong and the Mainland. Due to the differences in social, legal, tariff and other systems in Hong Kong and the Mainland, their profound differences are limited by factors such as one country, two systems, judicial jurisdiction, policy and port control. There is no precedent for the one-place, two-inspection model of the Western Channel at home and abroad.
3, as a large-scale cross-border basic project, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel Project has gone through more than ten years from decision-making to implementation, and there are many project participants. Under the traditional project management organization model, all parties involved in the project only pay attention to phased goals and their own interests, making it difficult to ensure the overall goal of the project. There are a large number of management interfaces in the decision-making stage, preparation stage, implementation stage and post-management stage of the project, which increases the coordination volume during the project construction process. The multi-level organizational structure makes project decision makers have no control over certain links, the decision-making process is slow, and the information island phenomenon is prominent. For large projects such as the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel, how to manage the full life cycle of the project, that is, from the perspective of the full life cycle of the project, planning and integrated organizational management of construction project goals has also become an important topic. Fourth, as a large-scale infrastructure construction project with a total investment of more than 10 billion yuan, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel will inevitably have certain negative social impacts in environmental protection, relocation and resettlement, and protection of vulnerable groups during the construction and operation process. The social benefits of actual operation are biased from the preliminary research and evaluation results of the project. In some areas, external uneconomic phenomena of the project need to be evaluated and summarized in a timely manner and learned relevant experiences and lessons.
At present, with the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the in-depth implementation of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the demand for large-scale cross-border infrastructure construction is increasing. To this end, we will carry out scientific review and summary of the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel Engineering Project to deepen our understanding and understanding of the research and coordination of such cross-border/cross-border projects, and provide useful experience reference for other similar construction projects, ensuring the smooth progress of decision-making work of such engineering projects and the full realization of established social benefits goals, which is theoretical necessity and realistic urgency.
III. Main contributions and innovations in consulting work
(I) Carry out integrated integration research on the main preliminary work areas of complex large-scale cross-border projects, which will help further explore and form work guides in the field of early integrated management. This consulting work started from the integrated perspective of the integrated management of early integrated management of large-scale engineering projects. It carried out special research in the fields of preliminary research on investment decision-making, cross-border supervision and jurisdiction, technical standard system docking, early work interface coordination, and full-life life perspective. With special research as the support, systematic management integration becomes the goal, and has built a model and framework for the integrated preliminary management of large-scale cross-border engineering projects, laying a solid foundation for further exploration and development and forming a work guide for the field of early integrated management of in the future.
(II) In the preliminary research of investment decision-making, this special subdivision , this consulting work focuses on the "Preliminary Research Comparison of Investment Projects" under one country, two systems, and proposes innovative coordination structure support for the preliminary work of large-scale cross-border projects. On the one hand, there are significant differences in the three research stages of the Western Channel Project Concept, preliminary feasibility study, and feasibility study. There are differences in the research starting points, research processes, research methods, and research depth, and the comparative research is difficult. This consultation conducted a detailed comparative analysis of the above differences and summarized the useful experience of the preliminary research work of cross-border engineering. On the other hand, there is no precedent for the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel from preliminary research on the project, coordination of differences between the two sides, to project decision-making and implementation, and requires a lot of arduous exploration and coordination work.This consulting work proposes to establish a "three-level" innovative coordination structure for the country, the administrative region to which the project belongs, and the project's location, and provides pioneering solutions for the preliminary coordination of large-scale cross-border projects.
//The "three-level" innovative coordination decision-making structure after Hong Kong's return
The research results in this special field independently won the third prize of the 2008 National Excellent Engineering Consulting Achievements of the China Engineering Consulting Association. is part of the special research support for this consulting work in the early stage of cross-border project investment.
(III) In the special field of cross-border supervision and jurisdiction, this consultation work focuses on exploring and studying unprecedented port inspection models at home and abroad, providing technical support for the reform of my country's port supervision model. The research and determination of one-site and two-inspection system is the core of the Western Channel Project. Although the State Council approved the implementation of one-site and two-inspection system in the western channel of Shenzhen-Hong Kong, there is no research data on one-site and two-inspection system in the western channel, and there is no precedent for the one-site and two-inspection model of the Western Channel.
//Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Channel Project "One Place and Two Inspections" Travel Inspection Building
This consultation work has been proposed for the first time in China through a comprehensive study of domestic and foreign port models, one country, two systems system, customs supervision policies and legal systems in Hong Kong and the mainland, cross-border transportation characteristics of Hong Kong and the mainland, port transportation organization and engineering technology and project construction management models. It has proposed for the first time in China , one place, two inspection implementation model under the background of one country, two systems, one place, two inspections, one place, two inspections implementation system and technical system, and one place, two inspections development model under the background of one country, two systems. It has an important guiding and reference role for the port setting of large-scale cross-border projects and the development direction of domestic port future supervision models, and also provides technical support for the simplification and reform of my country's future port supervision model.
Research results in this special field is the first preliminary research in China . The research results have been adopted as the final implementation plan for one place and two inspection ports in the Western Channel.
(IV) In the special field of technical standard system docking, , this consultation work focuses on carrying out a comprehensive comparative study on the standard investigation, coordination, docking, and management of bridge construction in Shenzhen and Hong Kong under the " one project, two standard ", and summarized the engineering design under "one project, two specifications" that should systematically grasp the standards of the two places, avoiding simple mixing of different standards, and the final design results must be reviewed at the same time according to the requirements of the two places.
(V) Comparison of cross-border project bidding and tendering in this special sub-field , this consultation work summarized and refined the practices and experiences of Shenzhen-Hong Kong in the bidding and tendering process in the preliminary management field of Western Channel projects. Through comparative analysis of the content of domestic and Hong Kong construction projects, the differences in the bidding content, standards, procedures and other fields of the two places are summarized and pioneering coordination solutions are proposed.
(VI) In the special field of engineering design and on-site management, this consulting work extracts the cooperation design management model and on-site management model of Shenzhen-Hong Kong consultant cooperation design management model and on-site management model through analysis and summary of the experience accumulated in the field of project planning and construction (travel inspection building) for ten years, which has high reference value for early management and cooperative design projects similar to large-scale cross-border projects.
(VII) In the special field of project risk management and control, this consultation work conducted a subdivided preliminary study on the traffic safety management of the western channel of Shenzhen-Hong Kong and the integrated comprehensive disaster prevention and relief risk control of the integrated channel prevention and relief, and proposed early warning mechanisms and measures for the western channel of Shenzhen-Hong Kong in various disaster weather, countermeasures for handling occasions, traffic safety management measures in bad traffic states, fire relief plans and strategies for quickly restoring normal operation of the channel.
(VIII) This consulting work starts from the system theory, cybernetics and information theory, combined with various special research results in the early field of the project, and summarizes and studies the preliminary integrated management of the Western Channel project from the perspective of full life cycle, including the preliminary integrated management mechanism, the preliminary integrated management target system, the preliminary integrated management organization, and the full life cycle information management technology. It also proposes corresponding models, systems and integrated implementation structures, which provide a new research foundation and starting point for large-scale cross-border projects to do a good job in integrated early management integration work, and at the same time promotes the development of project management theory and practice.
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