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Earth Knowledge Bureau - Korean Place Names China
NO.921 - Korean Place Names China
Author: Tunan
Map: Sun Lu / Proofreader: Maostu / Edited by: Cotton
Visitors who have been to South Korea will have an impression of the place names of some places in South Korea, many of which are duplicated with China, such as Hainan , Liangshan, Jinzhou, and Lishui, which is a replica of the small China.
This reflects the history of close exchanges between East Asian countries and frequent cultural exchanges over the past thousands of years. The regimes on the ancient peninsula respected Confucianism and had the same music and rules. The scholars and officials even took pride in being able to memorize the chapters and sentences in Chinese classical literature. These place names on the peninsula also carry the scholars' yearning for the poetic artistic conception depicted in the poems.
Today's article will let you know why there are many place names on the peninsula the same as those in China.
Reading changes destiny
Nearly two thousand years ago, the Korean Peninsula was divided into three parts, and the southeast part is a small country Silla .
Since there was no text on the Korean Peninsula at that time, people were carved into books when they communicated with each other. To put it more specifically, they were chiseled at the edge of the wooden board and recorded the information according to different arrangement orders. The result was that the king not only wanted to become a monarch who was good at governing the country, but also to be a skilled carpenter, which caused many troubles to administrative management, and inventing writing was an urgent task.
Silla, Baoje , Goguryeo
Silla people unexpectedly learned from their neighborsGoguryeo and Baekje people that people in a certain Western country not only dress well, but also write and write poems, determined to be humble and learn, and hug this thigh tightly.
In 381 AD, Silla followed Goguryeo to the Former Qin Dynasty. In 565, King Silla received the enthronement of the Central Plains dynasty, and in 660 and 668, he destroyed the two senior brothers Baekje and Goguryeo next door, and unified the Korean Peninsula with the help of his teacher.
A piece of Silla Golden Crown
(from Wikipedia)
However, as the territory gradually grew, they found that the residents of the peninsula had no habit of naming their locations at all, the management of place names was chaotic, and the flow of people and logistics could not be accurately arrived.
So in 514 before the Unification War, the Silla people chose a place called Ashi Village (now Ankang) in their mountain, and followed suit and set it as the "Beijing", which kicked off the prelude to the rectification of the landmark name. But everyone was under pressure to come up with so many place names out of thin air, so in 757, King Jingde simply "borrowed" some place names from his elder brother.
is placed on the entire Korean Peninsula. The location of
is actually quite remote. However, this location is also the "base" of the Silla people.
0 They copied the Dongfang Big Brother's prefecture and county system in the division of administrative regions and set up Jiuzhou. Many place names are still preserved today, such as the original Wuzhou County Gwangju, which was upgraded to Guangyuan City today. There are also a large number of them, such as Guangzhou (now in , Gyeonggi-do, ), Gangneung (now in Gangwon-do) and Liangsan (now in Gyeongsang-do). The Chinese people really smiled knowingly after seeing it.
Another type of Jiuzhou to learn about
However, unlike the long historical evolution of Chinese place names, the place names on the peninsula were simply and roughly pressed by the rulers.
In addition to the names of the residential sites being forced to be named, some peaks are not spared because they are too tall and too eye-catching.
Liangsan City near Busan
Looking at the Chinese and local literati and poets all talked about their "Five Mountains". The people of Silla should naturally feel that they should have the Five Mountains, otherwise they would be too uneducated. So the "Silla version" of the Five Mountains were born. "East Mountain" refers to Taishan in China. When it comes to Silla, it becomes Tuhan Mountain, "Western Mountain" is Jilong Mountain, "Southern Mountain" is geographical mountain, "Northern Mountain" is Taibo Mountain and "Zhongyue" Bagong Mountain. These local names reflect the simple and simple character of the working people in Silla.
Five Yues also came a set of
and other Silla after the demise of Silla, Xinsheng Goryeo took over a country with a good appearance and culture, and the worship of Middle-earth was increasing day by day. When dealing with the issue of place names, he also went from simply imitating naming to learning to avoid taboos.
During the Tiansheng period of Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Empress Dowager Zhang's father had the word "tong" in his name, so Tongzhou in Jiangnan was renamed Chongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu). The news reached Goryeo, which was more than 1,000 kilometers away from Bianjing City. The Goryeo people also renamed Tongzhou in their territory Xuanzhou (now Ping'an North Road Xuanchuan).
has always learned to behave well in administrative technology
After that, whenever the Song people avoid taboos the royal family, the Khitan people avoid taboos, and the Confucius sages, Goryeo will change its city name to avoid taboos, which is somewhat suspicion of forcing the show to himself.
Name requires imagination
In the late Goryeo society collapsed, and in 1388 Li Chenggui "delivered" Goryeo, but he did not ascend the throne himself, but supported the last descendants of Goryeo to power, and then pulled that person down again in a few years. Li Chenggui's approach shows that he is extremely conflicted in his heart. He wanted to be the king after destroying Goryeo, but he was afraid that the reputation would be unjust and would be punished by the whole world after ascending the throne.
Quanzhou Qingji Temple, which enshrines the portrait of Li Chenggui,
He needs a "god" to be his backer, which means that God will make him ascend the throne legal and reasonable, so the eldest brother is naturally the first choice.
1392, Li Chenggui drafted the names of "Henning" and "North Korea", and then acted like he had difficulty selecting syndrome, and immediately sent an envoy to Nanjing to ask for the name of Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang originally hated this kind of usurpation of power, but he never advocated sending troops to North Korea. Finally, he approved: "The name of Dongyi is only known as the United States." Then he gave "North Korea" as the national name to Li Chenggui.
The Ming Dynasty was still very beneficial to North Korea.
When the Ming Dynasty was in crisis, North Korea was also a firm ally for a long time
was enthroned by the emperor, and the peninsula entered the Korean era. Under the influence of "majorism", the place name of the peninsula ushered in a new step in its name.
Lee's North Korean borrowed the traditional Chinese political "dao" system and divided the peninsula into eight paths. In order to further align with the orthodox Ming Dynasty, North Korea "massed imports" famous place names in different directions of the Ming Dynasty, and then named different cities on the peninsula according to the method of "same position substitution".
"Tao" has continued to today's South Korea
For example, in the southern part of the peninsula, there are Hepu County , Nanhai County and Quanzhou Prefecture. The place name Hepu comes from Hepu County in southern Guangxi and is famous for producing pearls. The same name also appeared in the northern part of the peninsula, such as Huining and Texas; in the central part of the peninsula, there are place names such as Jinling (now Gimpo, Gyeonggi Province), Wenzhou and Taoyuan.
The most well-known place name among them is Pingchang. The place name of this city that hosted the Winter Olympics comes from Pingchang County, Sichuan, but it has nothing to do with Beijing Changping .
can quickly reflect a Korean place name with a domestic place name
can be said to be very numerous
Compared with Silla and Goryeo, which had ruled the peninsula in the past, by the Lee Korean period, Han culture had penetrated into the bones of Korean scholars and officials. In 1446, King Sejong Li Xu created the proverb , which is now open to the peninsula, and ordered promotion.
" Training the Min Zhengyin " will bring a
However, at that time, the literati and officials were extremely disgusted with the proverbs and wrote letters to accuse the proverbs of making North Korea "close to the barbarians and far away from China". The proverbs were also called "the pill of the dung beetles", and the Chinese characters were praised as "the fragrance of Suhe". The literati and officials in Korea were proud of speaking Chinese characters and scrambling to use Chinese characters to recite poems and make them elegant in the vassal of the Middle Land. The beautiful scenery depicted in the Middle Earth poems, such as the south of the Yangtze River and famous mountains, are the concerns that scholars and officials have been thinking about day and night but are invisible.
Proverbs culture is difficult, and it is even more difficult to go to Chinese.
Middle-earth is far away, and those poetic beautiful scenery that carries thousands of years cannot be seen. The scholars and officials use their imagination in their own territory.
The children of North Korea's "two squads" saw Jeolla Dosuncheon Protectorate , with beautiful mountains and rivers and beautiful scenery, so they called it "Little Gangnam". There are twelve steep and upright peaks near the Chengchuan Protectorate of Ping'an Road, which looks like the scenery of Wu Peak in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in the poem. Korean poets call it "The Twelve Peaks of Wu Mountain". Regarding the capital Seoul, which he is proud of, the Korean scholars and officials designated the area near the capital as Gyeonggi Province.
Finally, the Imperial Palace Gyeongbokgung Palace must also be symmetrical to the left and right. Although the roof of Jingfu Palace cannot be made of yellow tiles, the scale cannot exceed that of the Forbidden City. However, the literati and officials all believed that the architectural style should not be easily abandoned.
Seoul Gyeongbok Palace
All the bad place names depend on others
1910, Japan and South Korea merged. North Korea became a Japanese colony. In order to cut off the relations between the Korean Peninsula and China and also suppress the idea of the Koreans to restore the country, Japan forcibly changed Seoul to Beijing.
Li Yin , Li Jian, Li Yan Visit the Yasukuni Shrine
They are all royal families of the Lee North Korean
After World War II, the Korean Peninsula was independent of the north and south. The special survival history in the cracks casts a layer of shame in the hearts of Koreans . Narrow nationalism began to prevail, and South Korea set off a wave of "decolonization" and "de-sinicization" of place names. South Korea, which had just become independent in 1946, named its capital "Seoul", but the Chinese translation name is still "Seoul".
In 1968, South Korea Park Chung-hee government rebuilt Gwanghwa Gate
and wrote the three words "Gwanghwa Gate" in Korean
2006. In 2006, digital technology restored the Chinese font
By the 1970s and 1980s, South Korea's economy developed rapidly, jumped into the ranks of developed countries, and held the Olympic Games. The national self-esteem expanded unprecedentedly, and the place name "de-Sinicization" entered a new climax. However, many place names derived from Han culture have penetrated into the lives of Koreans. The texts on important historical sites and historical buildings on the entire Korean Peninsula are basically Chinese characters, and they cannot be modified at all.
Little clever politicians can always find space for operation. They believe that changing place names is the best way to incite nationalism and increase support rates, so they repeatedly advocated that the "de-Sinicization" of place names be dealt with in the same position as the North Korean nuclear issue. In 2005, Lee Myung-bak, who had just been elected mayor of Seoul, formally proposed to change the Chinese translation of the South Korean capital, from "Seoul" to "Seoul".
This approach immediately aroused opposition from many public opinion, including domestic Korean scholars. One of the reasons for opposition is the necessity. The name Seoul was named by the King of Korea himself hundreds of years ago. Now I feel that the name is not good and I still rely on others through the ocean. There is no need to do so.
The second is that the Han cultural circle affects more than one billion people around the world. The name Seoul has been called for hundreds of years. If it is suddenly changed, it will cause cognitive confusion. Many famous cities in transportation and tourism will change accordingly, greatly reducing the popularity of the city. The most typical case is that until today, many people in the Chinese circle do not know what the relationship between the Seoul Olympics and Seoul is.
The third reason is pronunciation problem. As a capital, the translation must be catchy, loud and clear. "Seoul" sounds clear and atmospheric, while "Seoul" is relatively weak. Moreover, from the perspective of cultural association, the name "Seoul" means only the capital, and it cannot remind people of this an ancient city that has been in history for thousands of years. The final reason for
is the chain reaction of name change. After the name change of "Seoul", there will inevitably be politicians who will use Chinese and Korean names such as "Hanjiang" and "Hanshan". If they want to change their names, the lives of the Korean people will be completely messed up.
Of course, in the end, "Seoul" was renamed "Seoul". As the domestic teaching community in South Korea discovered the serious consequences of "de-Sinicization", the "de-Sinicization" movement began to come to an end. In recent years, Chinese character education has shown a trend of revival in Korean education. In some transnational chaebols, Chinese-speaking employees have become popular.
As for the place names under the influence of Han culture on the peninsula, as well as the historical stories and cultural education behind them, we will face them directly in the future.
*The content of this article is provided by the author and does not represent the position of the Earth Knowledge Bureau.
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