However, after arriving in Jiangning, Zhang Jiuling did not enter Jiangxi from Changzhou, Suzhou, or Hangzhou to Quzhou, but went directly up the Yangtze River, passed Xuanzhou Dangtu to Jiangzhou, entered Pengli Lake and Lushan to Hongzhou.

(I)
During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Jiuling went south from the eastern capital Luoyang to take office in Hongzhou. The route from Dongdu to Jiangning was the same as that of Li Ao later, and they went south through the Cao Road. However, after arriving in Jiangning, Zhang Jiuling did not enter Jiangxi from Changzhou, Suzhou, or Hangzhou to Quzhou, but went directly up the Yangtze River, passed Xuanzhou Dangtu to Jiangzhou, entered Pengli Lake and Lushan to Hongzhou. On the way, Zhang Jiuling left behind poems such as "Lushan Waterfall at the mouth of the lake", "Above Pengli Lake", "Entering Lushan Looking Up at the Waterfall", "Going out to Yuzhang County and under the East Rock of Lushan", and "Entering from Pengli Lake to the River". From the inferred "from the beginning of Pengli Lake entering the river", Zhang Jiuling should have followed the Ganjiang River Waterway to Hongzhou after visiting Mount Lu. From this point of view, the river waterway landscape between Pengli Lake and Hongzhou in the early Tang Dynasty, and the northern part of the Junyang Plain has not yet fallen into a lake. In addition to Zhang Jiuling, Wang Bo, Li Bai, Meng Haoran, Bai Juyi and others have traveled to Jiangzhou, Pengli Lake, Lushan and Hongzhou, but they have no record of the hydrological changes in the Junyang Plain in many of their poems. For example, the Junyang Plain has been lake-like, these literati and poets who have personally traveled to northern Jiangxi should be able to directly feel this geographical change than some geography editors.
The earliest and more complete local general archival in my country is the famous geography of the Tang Dynasty, "Yuanhe County Map Chronicles", written in the eighth year of Yuanhe (813) of Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty. Earlier ones included Li Tai's "Guodizhi" in the early Tang Dynasty, but the content was brief. "Guodizhi" Jiangzhou article downloaded "Pengli Lake is fifty-two miles southeast of Xunyang County, Jiangzhou", but there is no record of "Pengli Lake" under the Raozhou article. Although the "Yuanhe County Map Chronicles" expanded the content based on the "Guodi Chronicles", there is still only downloaded "Pengli Lake, sixty miles west. It is divided into lakes with Xunyang County." There is no record under the Hongzhou and Raozhou articles. Du You also recorded that "Emperor Wu of Song defeated Lu Xun in Zuoli, which was the mouth of Pengli Lake." It is worth noting that Li Jifu and Du You both served as the governors of Raozhou, but they did not mention the expansion of the Pengli Lake body in the historical records they compiled. They gave people the impression that the "Pengli Lake" in the middle of the Tang Dynasty was still only located in the narrow area of ​​the North Lake of Poyang today, and did not cross the Songmen Mountain line to expand to the southeast.
Yuanhe 4th year (809), Li Ao passed through Quzhou, Zhejiang and crossed Yushan, Jiangxi to Xinzhou, "Bingshen, Shanggan Yueting. Jihai, crossed directly to Danshihu. Xinchou, and arrived in Hongzhou." At this time, Li Ao crossed the "Danshi Lake" to Hongzhou, and there was no "Poyang Lake" yet. Judging from "118 miles from the lake to Hongzhou, countercurrent", the waterway passed was mainly rivers rather than lakes. This channel is likely to be a tributary separated by the Ganjiang River after passing through Hongzhou. The northeast Huiyu Ganshui River flows northward through Danshi Lake. According to Du You's "Tongdian", "Poyang County... reaches Danshi Lake in Zhangjun in the west, and the middle stream is the boundary, 170 miles." According to the judgment of "Zhang County... 440 miles northeast to Poyang County", it can be seen that "170 miles" is from Poyang County to Danshi Lake, not from Zhang County. The sentence should be between "west to Danshi Lake in Zhang County" and "the middle current is the boundary", and Danshi Lake is within the jurisdiction of Yuzhang County. Li Ao and Du You both noticed that in the southern area of ​​the Junyang Plain in the mid-Tang Dynasty, the "Danshi Lake" water body had formed downstream of Yugans, becoming the boundary lake between Hongzhou and Raozhou. However, Li Ao and Du You did not give more information about the scope of "Danshi Lake". The eastern boundary of this water body is likely to be at the junction of Yuzhang County and Poyang County, and has not yet entered the jurisdiction of Poyang County.
However, "Taiping Huanyu Ji" Hongzhou Xiang downloads: "Danshi Lake is in the northeast of the state, with a 260-mile water road. There are two stones in the lake with holes, like a man passing through a harp. The ancient Yun hero carries these two stones in the lake, so he is named after it." According to this, the origin of the name "Danshi Lake" is because there are two stones in the lake, which seems to be a powerful man carries these two stones in the lake. In recent years, the author of this book has conducted field inspections in Ruihong and Kangshan areas of Yugan County many times. Only Nanji Mountain in the northwest direction of Kangshan is in line with the scene of "stalking stones".Nanji Mountain is now affiliated to Nanji Township, Xinjian County. It consists of Nanshan and Jishan Mountain. The passage between the two mountains in Fengshui Sea is flooded with water, forming a scene with a hole in the middle of the two mountains. From this we infer that Nanji Mountain should have been in Danshi Lake in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, and the northern boundary of this lake had at least crossed Nanji Mountain. In addition, in Yugan County, "Taiping Huanyu Ji", there is: "Wuzigang, twenty miles northwest of the county, is a branch of the Yugan River, and the water outlet is Danshi Lake." This shows that the southern boundary of "Danshi Lake" is roughly located in Wuzigang at the Yugan River outlet. At this point, we can roughly determine that the scope of "Danshi Lake" has reached the area near Ruihong in the present Yugan County, and the northern boundary crosses the Nanji Mountains in the present Xinjian County, and the eastern boundary is at the junction of Yuzhang County and Poyang County.

taiping Huanyu Ji
At the end of the middle of the Tang Dynasty, "Danshi Lake" was already a larger body of water between Hongzhou and Raozhou, and became a major waterway transportation route between people at that time. The records about Danshi Lake include not only Li Ao's "Let's South Notes" mentioned in the previous article, but also the famous poems of Liu Changqing of the Tang Dynasty, "Dragon's Lake in the evening, dreaming of Luoyang's relatives" and Shu Qian's pursuit of "passing Danshi Lake". The former used "I can't see the ends of the world" and "The clouds and seas are everywhere" to describe the vastness of the water body, while the latter has the sentence "The sun is high and the waves come out, and the sky enters the four empty spaces". However, anyone who has been to Poyang Lake in the field should know that during the flood season, as long as you enter a small lake alone, you can feel the vastness of the lake. In addition, there are plains around you, which makes the lake more vast. Therefore, we cannot regard "Danshi Lake" as a large lake similar to the current Poyang Lake based on this.
The name "Poyang Lake" appeared for the first time in the poems and essays of people in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. This name was then used and became the main name for this body of water. Now, two poems titled "Poyang Lake" in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties are listed as follows:
(Tang Dynasty) Shi Guanxiu: After spring, the storm is seen at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. The birds in Wushan are gone, and the color of Chu is cold in the clothes.
Only after passing this sad place can you realize that the road to action is difficult. On the sand island in the setting sun, I looked back and sighed.

pass Poyang Lake in spring
Shi Guanxiu was born in the sixth year of Dahe in the Tang Dynasty (832) and died in the second year of Qianhua in Liang Dynasty (912). He was a famous poet monk, painter and calligrapher in the late Tang and early Five Dynasties. In the 11th year of Dazhong in the Tang Dynasty (857), he traveled west from Chuzhou, Zhejiang, entered Jiangxi for the first time. He practiced at Kaiyuan Temple in Hongzhou for three years, and then traveled back and forth between his hometown of Zhejiang and Xishan, Lushan, Poyang and other places in Jiangxi many times. The poem quoted above was written by Shi Guanxiu when he was traveling to Jiangxi again in the 11th year of Xiantong in the Tang Dynasty (870) and passed by Poyang to Hongzhou. Among them, the sentence "Wushan is everywhere, and the color of Chu falls into the cold clothes", "Wushan" refers to the hometown of Zhejiang, and "Chu color" refers to Jiangxi, which describes the scene of him passing through Poyang Lake from east to west by boat. Because Yuzhang County is known as "Chu Head and Wu Tail", it is the land of Wu Yue in the east and Chu in the west. Because he had been active in this area for many years, Shi Guanxiu was familiar with the northern part of Jiangxi at that time. In the autumn of the first year of Zhonghe in the Tang Dynasty (881), Guan Xiu escaped chaos and entered Mount Lu again. When passing through Poyang, there was a poem "Written in the Poyang Road", which included the sentence "The sails fell all over the lake, and the sky was light and the moon was full at the beginning", which once again described the vast scene of the lake.
(Fifth Dynasties) Weizhuang: Pan Poyang Lake
, birds cannot fly around, the big waves shocked the diaphragm of Chu Mountain. The rain is raining and the spirits are passing by, and the emperor's son returns in the clouds.
The carp burst into the distance like a shuttle, and the boat is like a leaf beside the slanting sun. Who will come after the turtle and the turtle are gone? Even if there are many lovers, there are fewer people.
This poem was written in August of the autumn of the first year of Jingfu in the Tang Dynasty (892). In 891, Wei Zhuang left Zhejiang and traveled to Jiangxi and Hunan, and then entered Beijing to answer the exam. Among them, the sentences "The big waves shocked the faintness of the Chu Mountain" and "The small boat is like leaves beside the slanting sun" mean that due to the vastness of the lake, the mountains and boats in the west appear small. In another poem at the same time, Weizhuang has the sentence "Birds live on the Pengli tree, and the moon builds the boat", but the word "Pengli" is still used. This can be understood as the difference between "Poyang Lake" and "Pengli Lake", and does not refer to the same water body, but can also be regarded as "Pengli Lake" and "Poyang Lake" are already common.Guanxiu and Weizhuang both used "Poyang Lake" as the title. If the title was indeed not added by the later publisher, it means that at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the name "Poyang Lake" had been formed and was recognized and used by poets at that time.
It is worth noting that, like Guanxiu, Weizhuang also travels from Zhejiang to Hongzhou and passes through Poyang Lake. In the traditional period, the convenient way to Quzhou and Wuzhou in Zhejiang to Hongzhou in Jiangxi was to cross Yushan to Shangrao in western Zhejiang, and then follow the river to Yiyang, Yugan or Poyang. This is a definite journey. As for how to go to Hongzhou after arriving in Yugan and Poyang? Guanxiu and Weizhuang mentioned the scene of sailing through Poyang Lake to Hongzhou or Lushan, but did not mention the specific route. Combined with the previous route Li Ao took when he went south to Lingnan, the "Poyang Lake" that Guanxiu and Weizhuang passed by should be what Li Ao, Liu Changqing, and Shuxiang called him "Danshi Lake". However, in the poems of the late Tang Dynasty, the "Danshi Lake" mentioned by poets who passed by Jiangxi in the middle Tang Dynasty historical books had gradually been replaced by "Poyang Lake". It is speculated that by the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the water body of Pengli Lake in the north may have crossed the Songmen Mountain area, expanded to the southeastern Junyang Plain, and connected with the "Danshi Lake" in the south.
(II)
in the Song Dynasty at the beginning of this article, the author pointed out the version issues of the two key historical materials of "Taiping Huanyu Ji" of Jinling Bookstore, so that the previous conclusions on the formation time of Poyang South Lake need to be rediscussed. Although there are "fake texts" that people in the Ming and Qing dynasties "entered" by people in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there are still several records in it that can be discussed in the Song version of "Taiping Huanyu".
First, under Poyang County, Raozhou, there is "Pojiang River Water". From Dangxian, Fuliang, Leping, Yugan and other counties combined into Pojiang River, passing through the south of the county city, passing through Duchang County in the east, and entering Pengli Lake." This shows that in the early Northern Song Dynasty, "Pengli Lake" had not yet expanded to the vicinity of Poyang County, otherwise the water of Pojiang River would not have to pass through Duchang County and enter Pengli Lake, but could directly pass through the county town to enter the lake; second, under Nanchang County, Hongzhou, there is "Songmen Mountain, 215 miles north of the county, there are many pine trees, so it is named after it. It is adjacent to the Dajiang River and Pengli Lake in the north." From this, it can be seen that Pengli Lake is still north of Songmen Mountain; third, under the Nankang Army, there is "crossing the river southeast to Songkou, and entering the boundary of Duchang County for thirty miles." Songkou is the Penglikou of Songmen Mountain. From Nankang Xingzi County to Duchang County, you must first cross the Ganjiang River to Songmen Mountain. However, the 30 miles from Songmen Mountain to Duchang boundary is not indicated as a water route. There is no lake in the southeast of Duchang County, so it can be judged that Pengli Lake has not yet crossed Songmen Mountain to expand south. From this we can see that although Leshi is from Yihuang, Jiangxi, he did not notice the changes in the large-scale expansion of the Pengli Lake water body to the southeast Junyang Plain, and did not mention the emergence of the "Poyang Lake" water body.
only looks at "Taiping Huanyu Ji", the location of Pengli Lake in the early Northern Song Dynasty did not expand to the southeastern Junyang Plain. It is worth noting that during the summer and autumn seasons, the water of Pengli Lake will rise upstream along the river roads, thereby preventing the river water from forming many local lakes in the Junyang Plain. For example, download in Yugan County, Raozhou: "Wuzigang is twenty miles northwest of the county. One branch of Yugan River, the water outlet is Danshi Lake." The water in Yugan River was affected by the rise of Pengli Lake, and Danshi Lake was formed at the mouth of Yugan River. In addition, in Nanchang County, Hongzhou, the water "through the Zhang River, the increase and decrease are the same as the river water", indicating that although the distance between the East Lake near Nanchang County is far away, it will still be affected by the rising water level of the Pengli Lake and changes. These records show that in the early Northern Song Dynasty, although the main body of Pengli Lake did not invade to the southeastern Junyang Plain, the water bodies of Pengli Lake had already experienced seasonal surging towards the upper reaches of the river. Even due to the detention of the downstream water bodies, local water bodies had begun to form in the upper reaches of the river.
In addition to the "Taiping Huanyu Ji", there are also "Yuanfeng Jiuyu Ji" and "Yudi Guang Ji". The former is the system of Yuanfeng in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the latter is the system of Zhenghe in the late Northern Song Dynasty. In the "Yuanfeng Jiuyu Chronicle", only the three words "Pengli Lake" are recorded, but there are no records in Raozhou and Hongzhou.Similarly, in "Yudi Guang Ji", "Pengli Lake" is only downloaded in Dehua County, Pengze County and Xingzi County of Nankang Jun, but there is no record in Raozhou and Hongzhou. The above information shows that until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was no record of "Poyang Lake" in the geographical records, nor was there any record of "Pengli Lake" extending to Raozhou and Hongzhou. "Pengli Lake" is only recorded in Dehua County, Jiangzhou. This shows that during the Northern Song Dynasty, almost no geographical records noticed the geographical changes in the Junyang Plain, and there was no obvious change in the scope of Pengli Lake. The water body of Pengli Lake gradually invades the Junyang Plain upstream along the river channel, thus forming seasonal fluctuations on both sides of the river. A lake surface of varying areas has been formed in low-lying areas, but the general scope of Poyang Lake has not yet been formed today.
Although various geographical records of the Northern Song Dynasty completely ignored "Poyang Lake" and there was no record. However, in the poems of literati at that time, there were still many mentions of "Poyang Lake". From the Southern Tang Dynasty to the early Northern Song Dynasty, Xu Xuan mentioned "Poyang Lake" in both the poems "Moving Raozhou to Farewell to Zhou's envoy" and "Sending cousin Dashi to Poyang". In addition, Zhao Yan, a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, also mentioned "Poyang Lake" in the two poems "passing through Poyang Lake" and "passing through Poyang Lake, first sending Hongshou to Tang Jie to the system". These poems and essays were written by Xu Xuan and Zhao Yan during their trip by passing Poyang Lake. Compared with those who sit in their study and write geography books based on historical books, they can undoubtedly feel the hydrological and geographical changes of the Junyang Plain more personally. This also reminds researchers to note that geography books from all dynasties cannot reflect the changes of natural geography in a timely manner, but have obvious lag. In addition, in the early Northern Song Dynasty, Yan Shu mentioned in "Yan Yuanxian Gong Lei Yao": "Poyang Lake is twenty miles south of (Duchang County) and originates from Raozhou." In fact, in the early Northern Song Dynasty, the water body of Pengli Lake in the northern part had crossed the Songmen Mountain line and expanded to the southern part of Duchang County. However, the Northern Song Dynasty geographies neglected the "Poyang Lake" water body, which may indirectly reflect that the water body is still in the process of small to large, and many of the Pihu Lake and rivers that were originally scattered in the Junyang Plain are gradually connected with larger water bodies such as Pengli Lake and "Danshi Lake".
There were two important geographical records in the Southern Song Dynasty, namely "Yu Di Ji Sheng" and "Fang Yu Sheng Lan". The former was written during Jiading and Baoqing in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the latter was written during the Jiaxi period of Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty, about ten years later than the former. As mentioned above, the earliest record of the place name "Poyang Lake" appears in "Yudi Jisheng". Download in Poyang County, Raozhou: "Poyang Lake, there is Poyang Mountain in the lake, hence the name. The lake stretches for hundreds of miles, and is also called Pengli Lake." At the same time, the Pojiang River "passes the city and enters Pengli Lake", without passing through Duchang County, and enters the lake directly. In addition, under Nanchang County, Longxing Prefecture, it is also recorded that "Pengli Lake, 120 miles from Jinxian County, connects Nankang Rao Prefecture and the three prefectures of our prefecture. It is vast and vast, and it is boundless with the sky." Under the Nankang Army, there is a record that "Poyang Lake is twenty miles southeast of Duchang and originates from Raozhou", indicating that Pengli Lake has been immersed in the southeastern area of ​​Duchang County. This reminds us that by the Southern Song Dynasty, Pengli Lake in the north had undoubtedly crossed the Songmen Mountain line and expanded to the southeast to Poyang County and Nanchang County, spanning the three prefectures of Nankang, Raozhou and Longxing, and the name "Poyang Lake" appeared in the geography.
"Fang Yu Sheng Lan" generally follows the records of "Yu Di Ji Sheng". At the same time, records of "Poyang Lake" began to appear in large quantities in poetry and travel notes from the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhou Bi wrote a poem "Poyang Lake", which says: "Poyang Lake is soaked in the southeast, and some people once counted 360,000 hectares." It vividly describes the changes in the southeastern Junyang Plain. In "Chengzhai Collection", the poet Yang Wanli of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote a large number of travel notes about Poyang Lake, such as "On April 13th, a mountain in the middle of the lake was called Kanglang Mountain, which looked like a leech and floated on the water." This strongly shows that Kanglang Mountain in the northern part of Yugan in the early Southern Song Dynasty was already in the middle of the lake. Along the way, Yang Wanli "Watching the Poyang Lake" the day before the Dragon Boat Festival. Due to the strong wind and waves in Poyang Lake, it is inconvenient to sail in the boat when there is wind and choke, so there are twelve songs "Three nights in Xiaozhou beside Kanglang Mountain in the middle of the lake, and the song is written and performed".Then, he "passed the lake and entered the port" from Kanglang Mountain and "small dock in Tangyin". After leaving Tangyin, he stayed in Siwang Mountain (the former site of Junyang), and then passed through Duchang County and entered Pengli Lake from Siwang Mountain. From Yang Wanli's travel poems, Tangyin and Siwang Mountain in the southeast of Duchang County are already in Poyang Lake.
In addition to Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda also recorded the scene of staying in Wuzikou, Yugan County in "The Legend of the Condor Heroes". "On the first day of the leap month, staying in Wuzikou. Wuzi is the tail of Poyang Lake. It is called the thief area. It must be windy and windy, and you must have a boat companion." Fan Chengda's travel notes show that by the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, Poyang Lake had been connected with Danshi Lake, and the southern end was near Wuzikou, the southern boundary of Danshi Lake in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, the author found an epitaph from the Southern Song Dynasty in Wangjia Village, Kangshan, Yugan County, which can also prove the fact that Kanglang Mountain was already in the lake at this time. The full text of the content of "The Records of the Old King of Song Dynasty" is quoted as follows:
has a record, which is the year and month, and is the surname. If a filial son and grandson are obedient, you can write it in calligraphy, so how can you use writing? When Wang Gongzheng was buried, his son Zheng recorded the incident before his burial, but he did not find any resignation, so he wrote it to him. Gong's surname is Wang, his name is Dazhong, and his courtesy name is Zhengzhi, and his father Min, and Kaogui. He was from Yu Ganfuying, Raozhou. The Duke moved to Hongya, and now he is from Kangshan, Hongya. The Duke is calm and calm, and his words are gentle and elegant. In the past, he heard that he said that he was young and attending Mr. Xu from Mingyuan to visit Hongya. When he saw a good man from a village, he must respect him. However, he was familiar with the predecessors, so his family rules and punishments were familiar with him, so he was in harmony with the principles and principles. The Duke first moved to the land with the name of Tangli. Sometimes, some people looked down on him and left him. It was like abandoning his old lords. People all praised him for his righteousness. Kangshan's quid was under the jurisdiction of the official, and the bandits were granted in the year, and the name was preserved and the actual situation was lost. Some officials did not know a single qian. The second order was to discuss it with him. The following document book was given to the Duke. The Duke lived in the land. The Duke was the classics and painted the classics. The Duke was explained to the time and lived in Kangshan from this. When the king was in the morning, the gentleman was invited to support him. He was willing to do so every day and was the same as before. When he died, he would be responsible for all the attacks and slandering matters and not to entrust the Kunqu. Zhu Kun died one after another, and the Duke handled his affairs for him, so that his sons would all return home like their daughters. The marriage family is far away and there are those who cannot give it to others, and they will also take off their clothes and push them to eat without any slut. After getting married in his later years, he ordered the family matters to be decided. The next moment of Chen leaked, and several volumes of Buddhist scriptures were written all over the place, and the summer heat was hot and cold. The three sons lived in their own lives. The officials served in the morning and kept walking with their hands. The descendants welcomed each other and were content with their children and grandchildren. They loved each other and were surrounded by mountains. The four sides were covered with slimness. The old man and his mother were swaying in the middle, and they were regarded as the place where the fur coats were the old. Kangshan is in the lake. Those who travel southeast of the scholars and officials must sail under the boat and climb up to see it. The lord walked out to welcome him, fearing that the future would be the one who was fond of the people who were fond of the people to stay (faith) for the people who were still reluctant to let him go. He would have to use the thick ink and big characters as the wall of the poem. Cheng Shijun (Mingfeng) has the sentence "It is not like a furnace to smoke a scroll of scriptures", which is probably the words of envying Gong. Looking at this, you can tell that Gong is a human being. The Gong was born in the ninth month of Bingyin in Kaixi, and died in the fourth month of Jiazi in Jingding, Renshen in the age of fifty-eight. He married Dong, his son three sons, Yuanliang, Yuanshan, and Yuanli, his daughter-in-law Kang, Dong, and Jiang, and his daughter-in-law, Chen Tingzuo, Jiang. Sun Nanliu, Sanfeng married Yuan, Sanren, Sanjie, Sanpeng, Shisun and Wu Ge. The granddaughter is eight, the eldest son is Wang Mengbing, the second son is Yuan Youduan, the third son is Shao Yingrui, the fourth son is Liuxin, the fourth son is Liuxin, the second son is Liuxin, the second son is not yet a clan. Great-grandson male first, he is the grandson. In the ninth month of Xianchun, the emperor was buried in the tower of Kunchi in the nineth month of Yichou, which was a hundred steps away from his residence, which was like a decisive observation. Let me tell you the outline and take in the clouds of the Yougu Palace. The story of Hu Xian, a Jinshi at the end of the village.

The Southern Song Dynasty recorder discovered in Kangshan (all pictures provided by the author) The signature of "The Record of the Sword" on
is "The Record of the Jinshi Hu Xian". Hu Xian, a native of Yugan County, Southern Song Dynasty, participated in the "Examination for Examination" in the first year of Jingding (1260). At the same time, the protagonist of the Song Dynasty also lived between the Kaixi period from the Southern Song Dynasty to Jingding. From this, by recording the author and the protagonist's information, we can conclude that this is a tombstone from the late Southern Song Dynasty. What is particularly important is that the record says that "Kangshan is still in the lake. Those who travel southeast of the scholars and officials must stay at the bottom of the boat and climb up to see it." Although the word "wan" means "just like" and "as if", combined with the previous record of Yang Wanli "Seeing Poyang Lake on April 13th, a mountain in the middle of the lake is called Kanglang Mountain, which looks like a leech and floats on the water", it can be confirmed that Kangshan was undoubtedly in the lake in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty.In addition, the inscription above also shows that Kangshan was one of the important waterways on Poyang Lake at this time, so the Song Dynasty government established the "Qiuqi" in Kangshan to collect alcohol taxes. Now the ancestors of the Wang family of Kangshan settled in Kangshan because they were appointed as "Qiuqi" by the Agent of Kangshan.
In addition, Wu Xiu'an, based on the records of "The Tombstone of Zhao Shanshi of the Song Dynasty" unearthed in 1983, "the north of the public house is adjacent to the Poyang Lake" and combined with other relevant historical materials, he believed that the southwest boundary of Poyang Lake in the early Southern Song Dynasty had reached the Zhaojiawei area. At the same time, Hong Mai of the Southern Song Dynasty recorded in "Yi Jianzhi": "Poyang is close to Guo (Shuanggang) for dozens of miles and many lakes, and the wealthy family is responsible for it." From this we can see that there are many large and small lakes in Shuanggang, not far from Poyang County. In the early Southern Song Dynasty, the eastern boundary of Poyang Lake roughly crossed Lianhe Mountain and Poyang Mountain to reach the vicinity of Poyang County. The southern boundary of Poyang Lake is basically the same as the southern boundary of Danshi Lake since the middle of the Tang Dynasty. It is roughly in the Wuzigang and Ruihong areas, and Kanglang Mountain is already located in the middle of the lake. Tangyin and Siwang Mountain at the northern boundary are already in the lake or by the lake, and the boundary site is basically the same as the northern boundary of Poyang Lake today. At this point, the general scope of Poyang Lake has been basically formed.