"India Today" has taken stock of Indian space achievements and proposed 2022 and future Indian space planning. One of the things that makes people interested is very interesting, because Indian space 's goal in 2022 is to complete the test launch of manned space, and send India's first astronaut to space in early 2023, becoming the fourth country in the world to launch manned space missions after the United States, Russia and China.
The author also expressed his blessing to India, so he posted a micro headline. As a result, netizens' comments shocked the flower grower. Many friends said that India had just sent the Chief of Staff of the Ministry of National Defense away, and was going to send the astronauts away? Some people say that Indians have not even sent a monkey to space and have to send it to people. Why not give it to a monkey to try it?
Indian manned space rocket: Benchmarking China, what is the technology?
Of course, netizens’ comments are just jokes, so what is the technology of Indian manned space flight? We will not talk about other problems such as astronaut training, we believe that Indian friends have no problems, they can get training from Russia and the United States and learn from them.
What kind of rocket is Indian manned space flight? How is the performance?
There are two main rockets that have recently carried out launch missions in India. One is the polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV), and the other is the geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle (GSLV). The former has LEO (low-Earth orbit) carrying capacity is only 3.8 tons. It is obvious that this cannot be used for manned space flight. The performance of the geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle is better. India's manned spacecraft will mainly be completed by it!
GSLV rocket, compared with Long March 7 , the gap is a bit far!
GSLV rocket is a typical bundled structure. Its Gundam Power booster is tied to the core-class rocket, which is very similar to my country's Long March 5 , but it is still an third-stage rocket , while my country's Long March 5 B is a first-stage rocket. Friends who know the Rockets should know that of course GSLV and Long March 5 B are not at the same level at all.
GSLV has multiple modifications, among which the improved model used for manned space flight is GSLV Mark III. Here is a standard for this model to talk about the performance of GSLV Mark III:
GSLV Mark The first-stage rocket of III is two S200 solid boosters, with a diameter of 3.2 meters and a length of 25 meters. It carries 207 tons of HTPB solid propellant in three sections. It is said to be the world's third largest solid rocket booster with a thrust of about 500 tons;
second-stage rocket is L110, which is the lowest section of the core stage. This is the liquid fuel rocket of dimethylhydrazine and nitrous tetroxide , commonly known as toxic, it is a version of two Vikas engines, with a parallel thrust of 157 tons, a 262-second thrust (sea level);
3rd-stage rocket is C25, CE-20 Provide power, this is a low-temperature fuel rocket ( liquid hydrogen liquid oxygen) developed by ISRO. The gas generator used is circulating, with a thrust of about 20 tons and a vacuum ratio of 443 seconds;
8 tons rocket is also very embarrassed to put it together with these big guys
. These data are not easy to obtain, but they are boring and dull, and are still translated into data that everyone can understand, roughly as follows:
- Height: 43.43 meter
- diameter: 4 meters;
- takeoff weight: 640 tons;
- LEO orbit carrying capacity: 10 tons;
10 tons carrying capacity is still OK. It is targeted at the Long March 7 rocket , which has just been launched by China recently. The following is the data of Long March 7:
- height: 53.075 meters
- diameter: 3.35 meters
- total mass: 597 tons,
- low-Earth orbit LEO load: 14 tons
How? The gap is not ordinary, and the data of GSLV Mark III is at the bottom in the world. I guess everyone is a little stunned when this data is listed, because the load ratio of GSLV Mark III is so low that it is outrageous. So how low is it? The load ratio of
GSLV Mark III is only a pitiful 0.65%. Of course, this problem is also related to its strange takeoff method. I wonder if you guys have a very confusing phenomenon when watching the launch of the GSLV Mark III rocket. That is, when two solid rocket boosters are started, the L110 of the core-class rocket did not start, but will go through the following process:
114 seconds after the first-stage rocket is ignited, the thrust of the solid rocket decreases, causing the acceleration to drop, and the L110 room temperature liquid rocket will be started. Then the solid rocket and the liquid rocket run together for 14 seconds and the solid rocket shut down, and the solid rocket is thrown away in the 140th second. The liquid rocket was also thrown away when it continued to advance to the 313th second.
There is a super strange thing about this rocket. The first-stage rocket ignites
core-stage rocket is not a fault, but it has not started
114 seconds + 14 seconds = 128 seconds, but the solid rocket is thrown away after 140 seconds. What's going on? They have already turned into corpses and still have to hang on the Rocket for 12 seconds? Although the solid rocket booster has become a shell at this time, for the Rockets, one kilogram is more than one. Not to mention two rocket shells of several tons, by the way, there is also strong air resistance.
booster separation
Such a weird design is probably the best in the world. The only possibility is that losing it at this time may affect the natural frequency of the rocket. Therefore, wait for the fuel to burn for a while to avoid resonance . If this is true, this brain circuit will be more clear.What is the security record for
transmission? The security record of
GSLV is not good. As of August 12, 2021, GSLV has launched 14 times in total, 8 successes, 4 failures, and 2 successes, with a success rate of barely 65%. As shown in the figure below:
However, the security record of Mark III is still OK, and it seems that it has never failed since its first launch:
at least now seems pretty good. After all, as the "Gaganyaan Project" carrier rocket for manned space flight, reliability is still the first priority. Once astronauts go to the sky, their lives are at stake!
India has never sent monkeys to space. Where is the manned spacecraft?
The manned space flight in India is the "Gaganyaan Project" mentioned above. This plan was originally planned to be completed in December 2021, but it has recently been postponed to 2023. Gaganyaan's goal is 400 kilometers of low-Earth orbit and will orbit for 7 days. This indicator is still a bit high for India, which has landed in space for the first time. However, these are not the key. The key is still safety and reliability. Let's take a look at how Indian spacecraft is?
Gaganyaan's spacecraft mass is 5.3 tons. The spacecraft is equipped with life support and environmental control systems, and will be equipped with an emergency mission abortion and crew escape system (CES). The rocket can escape economically when there is a failure in the atmosphere.
service chamber module is 2.9 tons, with hydrazine fuel (maybe the same fuel as the L110 rocket), 5 main engines with thrust of 440N and 16 attitude engines with 110N.
So far, Gaganyaan Project has conducted a suborbital test and a launch termination test. There are 2 more tests in the future to be launched in 2023.
I believe everyone will ask, has India sent animals to space? Is the monkey safe to return? In fact, the flower grower also wants to know, but searching through the Internet, I only found that there is a description in the Gaganyaan Project of Wiki:
ISRO aims not to fly animals onboard experimental missions unlike other nations that have carried out human space flight. Instead, it will fly humanoid robots for a better understanding of what weightlessness and radiation do to the human body during long durations in space.
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has no intention of letting animals fly in experimental missions, unlike other countries that do human space flights. Instead, it will place an humanoid robot to better understand the impact of weightlessness and radiation on the body over long periods of space.
BBC also reported the news on July 25, 2019, "Why is India sending humanoid robots into space?" (Why does India send humanoid robots into space?). In fact, there is no problem. After all, to obtain life-sustaining data, there is no problem with robots. If animals cannot be used, it is an option for manned space flight in the 21st century.
Astronaut Training in India
Gaganyaan Program started in 2006, starting in the spring of 2009, a crew model for astronaut training was built and delivered to the Satish Dhawan Space Center for training astronauts, India will select four people from 200 screened pilots for the first space mission training.
2019 India announced the establishment of the Indian manned space flight center in Bangalore , which is used to train astronauts and train astronauts to operate and monitor the radiation environment in rescue, zero-gravity environment, and other capabilities. In June 2019, the ISRO manned space flight center signed a training contract with Russian Glavkosmos , and the Russian side provides support in candidate selection, physical examination, aerospace training, etc.
In December 2019, the selection process ended, and four candidates began a 12-month training at the Gagarin Research and Test Astronaut Training Center (GCTC) on February 10, 2020. Astronauts will receive the following training: abnormal landings on various terrain including forests, rivers and oceans.In February 2020, Indian astronaut candidates completed winter survival training.
India is ambitious in the aerospace field. Although India's space safety record is not very good, it has also achieved success in the "Moon Ship One" and "Mangarian" Mars rover in recent years, which has given India great confidence.
But the repeated crashes of Indian aircraft have caused people all over the world to mock India. On the afternoon of December 8, 2021, an Indian Air Force helicopter crashed in Kunur, Tamil Nadu. General Biping Rawat and 13 other people were killed. This is one of the most tragic plane crashes in the history of the Indian military.
On January 4, 2021, Global Network reported the record of the crash in India over the past 20 years, and the data in it was shocking! The Indian military website IDRW released a report on the crash record of Indian Air Force fighter jets in nearly 20 years on January 1, 2021, and a total of 176 fighter jets were crashed.
Although aerospace and aviation are not necessarily related, everyone cannot help but lack confidence in manufacturing in India. We have no reason to mock India's efforts in the aerospace field. I wish Indian friends good luck!
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