is mainly anti-customer, which is one of the thirty-six strategies in the classical Chinese art of war. The key is to turn passivity into initiative. For those who are good at fighting, temporary passivity will not shake their will to win. On the contrary, it will become an opportunity for them to fight back. The Hengbao Battle at the end of the Liberation War was a typical example of anti-customer tactics.
1. Outflank Bai Chongxi
Since the three major battles , Chiang Kai-shek 's direct troops have been basically destroyed. Without the support of the army, Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to "step down" sadly, and Li Zongren, who was from the Guangxi clique, took office as the "acting president". The reason why Li Zongren was able to come to power was naturally because among the Kuomintang factions, the Guangxi faction's military strength was still relatively intact and it had not suffered a devastating blow.
The Gui clique was one of the new warlords of the Republic of China and was once the largest opposition within the Kuomintang. After the Northern Expedition , the Guangxi clique and Chiang Kai-shek fought many times, but they were defeated and defeated. However, after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and Chiang Kai-shek reconciled. After the end of the Anti-Japanese War, the strength of the Guangxi Army was greatly strengthened, and Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces became the sphere of influence of the Guangxi clique.
Although the Gui army was born as a straw-shoe soldier, he was fierce and brave in fighting. From the beginning of the first civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, our army suffered greatly. They are completely different from other local troops. They never collapse in one strike. Instead, they use tactics skillfully and dare to launch continuous counterattacks against our army.
Unlike the Central Military Commission, which has a full set of American equipment, the Gui Army does not particularly rely on equipment. They are good at fighting mobile warfare and even guerrilla warfare. Traveling through mountains and rivers and forced marches are their old profession. Chen Yi once commented on the combat effectiveness of the Gui Army:
"The Gui Army is very tenacious and has the strongest combat effectiveness among the Chiang Kai-shek Army. If you refuse to surrender your guns, you are really a barbarian who will beat you to death." The wounded soldier would beat you with his gun, and the cook would pick up the load and run away and scold you, "You're a loser." If you catch him, he'll beat him with a pole when he puts down the load. They don't do any fortifications. As soon as they arrive at the village, the platoon leader will put a bayonet on the wall. Draw a few circles on it and use html The 1 heavy machine gun was set up and fired, and everything became a hole. The position was set up in ten minutes, and the shooting was very accurate. "
" They were all veterans, and some of the battalion company commanders were students from the Huangpu era. We are regarded as foreign races, and feudal unity is very powerful..."
Therefore, when the Central Army was destroyed, the Gui Army became the main opponent of our army. During the Battle of Crossing the Yangtze River , Chiang Kai-shek did not forget to cause trouble for the Guangxi clique. He knew clearly that with his remaining troops, he could not defend the Yangtze River , so he violated a military taboo and abandoned the Yangtze River defense line to allow the People's Liberation Army to easily cross the river. This operation will directly expose Bai Chongxi's flanks stationed in Wuhan to the People's Liberation Army, which can be said to be harmful to others and not beneficial to himself.
However, Bai Chongxi, known as "Little Zhuge", was indeed cunning. He seemed to have anticipated Chiang Kai-shek's destabilizing behavior, and immediately sent his main force of five corps and 11 armies, totaling more than 200,000 troops, from Wuhan south to Changsha, In the Hengyang and Baoqing areas, we are preparing to use the complex terrain south of Xiangxi to block the People's Liberation Army. The Gui Army has always been good at mountain combat, short assaults and battlefield maneuvers. Once the offensive is launched, it will be fierce and determined. If there are mountains as a backing, it will be very stubborn.
Bai Chongxi believed that his 200,000-strong army was well-equipped, and as long as it was deployed properly, he could organize the Fourth Field Army to go south. If the war in southern Hunan goes unfavorably, it will not be too late for him to lead his troops to retreat to Guangxi. If it doesn't work, they will lead their troops to retreat to Vietnam and cooperate with the Baoda regime.
Therefore, in order to defeat Bai Chongxi's tribe, his main force must be wiped out before he flees south. To this end, Mao Zedong conceived a bold idea, which was the Great Detour Strategy.
Mao Zedong judged that the location where Bai Chongxi was preparing for a decisive battle with our army was in southern Hunan, Guangxi, and Yunnan, among which Guangxi was the most likely.
From the perspective of Bai Chongxi's military characteristics, one word to describe him is "slippery", as slippery as a loach. Every time Siye was about to seize the main force of the Gui army, they were unable to give an annihilating blow. While retreating south, Bai Chongxi also always paid attention to whether there were protrusions in our pursuit troops.Once a salient appeared, Bai Chongxi concentrated his main force to attack it, thus taking advantage of it.
Therefore, Mao Zedong believed that our army's past close-range, roundabout and interspersed fighting methods might not be effective. Therefore, he believed that the tactics should be changed and a super-long-distance outflanking method should be adopted. Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Lin Biao, Deng Zihui and others on July 16, 1949:
"...that is, completely ignoring the temporary deployment of the White Department, and far surpassing him, occupying his rear, forcing him to finally have to Fight with me. Because the white bandit has little capital and is extremely clever, he will never fight with me unless it is absolutely necessary. Therefore, you. We should be prepared to lead 100,000 white bandits to Guilin, Nanning , Liuzhou and other places to annihilate them, and even be prepared to chase them to Kunming and annihilate them. "
To put it simply, it is to draw fire from the bottom of the cauldron and completely cut off Bai Chongxi. The retreat route forced the Gui army to engage in a decisive battle with our army, and finally achieved the effect of defeating the enemy with one move.
After Lin Biao received the order, he immediately ordered the 38th Army and the 39th Army to go from Changde, Taoyuan via Zhijiang, and go straight to Liuzhou to cut off Bai Chongxi's westward escape from Guizhou. The 13th Army, 14th Army, and 15th Army of the Second Field and Fourth Army of the East Road and the
As for the Siye Middle Route Army led by Lin Biao personally, the troops were divided into three groups to attack the Gui Army entrenched in the Hengbao area. However, at this moment, Bai Chongxi, who always did not follow the routine, gave Mao Zedong and Lin Biao a surprise - he was not going to escape.
2. Bai Chongxi did not follow the routine
While Lin Biao's middle route army was still gathering, the east and west route armies had already begun to move towards Bai Chongxi's two wings, and the close combat went very smoothly. The Eastern and Western Route armies soon approached the border between Guizhou and Guangxi, and Bai Chongxi's 200,000-strong army was already in danger of being cut off and surrounded.
It stands to reason that Bai Chongxi should have fled southward even more desperately, otherwise the Gui army would become the turtle in the urn if the iron wall merged with the dragon. But what about Bai Chongxi? Instead of escaping, they attacked northward.
On October 2, when the 49th Army attached to the Siye Middle Route Army advanced to the Qingshuping area of Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province, they were suddenly ambushed by Bai Chongxi. In Bai Chongxi's pocket formation, the 49th Army suffered a serious defeat and suffered heavy losses. The Battle of Qingshuping became one of the few victories for the Chinese army after the Battle of Crossing the River.
After Bai Chongxi won his first small victory, he immediately got carried away. He thought that he already had the capital to have a good fight with Siye. At this time, his subordinates suggested that he retreat to Guangxi or Guangdong. However, Bai Chongxi believes that repeated rejection will only affect the international outlook and thus affect US aid. If you want to get American weapons, money and food, you must at least show that you can fight!
Therefore, Bai Chongxi determined to use his 200,000 main troops to build fortifications in Hengyang and Baoqing and fight another battle of Qingshuping. Then he gathered the strength of five armies and counterattacked Changsha.
So why did Bai Chongxi suddenly think of launching the Battle of Qingshuping? This is because although the People's Liberation Army's grand detour plan can cut off the Gui Army's retreat, it also disperses its own forces, leaving a huge gap between the three armies.
The Central Route Army moved eighteen days later than the East and West Route armies. The West Route Army and the Central Route Army were in western and central Hunan respectively. The Central Route Army and Chen Geng's troops on the eastern front were separated by one province.
Bai Chongxi believed that the People's Liberation Army's troops were scattered and it was difficult for the flanking troops to pose a serious threat to themselves in a short period of time. Therefore, he decided to adopt the strategy of breakthrough in the middle, counterattack at Hengbao, and crush Lin Biao's middle army. Compared with Bai Chongxi's troops, the strength of the Central Route Army did not actually have much advantage. If you are not careful, it may cause trouble that is difficult to deal with. The most serious problem is that the center may be penetrated, and the roundabout tactics on both wings will become useless.
In order to prevent the Central Route Army from being defeated one by one by Bai Chongxi, Lin Biao decisively ordered on October 5:
"Currently, our front-line troops are not strong enough, so all units will be on standby at the same place and in full preparation, waiting for the concentration of my troops."
According to Lin Biao's plan was that he wanted to wait until all the Central Route Army troops were concentrated and their strength completely surpassed that of Bai Chongxi, before engaging in a decisive battle with the Gui Army. However, at this juncture, an accident happened.The 135th Division, led by the brave general Ding Sheng, has disappeared!
3. Lin Biao violated military conventions and overstepped his command
Just when Lin Biao was getting angry and looking for the whereabouts of the 135th Division. Ding Sheng sent a message the next morning:
"Our army has advanced to the Shaping and Lingguandian areas just south of Shetian Bridge."
Lin Biao quickly checked on the map, what a guy! The 135th Division actually traveled 80 kilometers throughout the day and night, inserting itself far behind Bai Chongxi and entering the belly of the Gui army.
135 Why didn't the division listen to Lin Biao's command to stand by on the spot? It turned out that when conveying the command from the headquarters, the confidential department made a serious omission and even forgot to send a telegram to the 135th Division to stop advancing. This was a real accident. The movements of the
135 division not only surprised Lin Biao, but also surprised Bai Chongxi. Just when Lin Biao received Ding Sheng's call, Bai Chongxi also discovered this unit. For our army, the 135th Division went deep alone and was separated from other troops, and could easily be eaten by the enemy. For Bai Chongxi, the insertion of this force became a nail driven into their rear, posing a serious threat to Bai's rear. So Bai Chongxi immediately ordered the troops of the Seventh Army in Lingguan Palace to immediately attack the 135th Division. Subsequently, troops and generals were deployed to prepare to directly encircle and annihilate the 135th Division.
For a time, the 135th Division was in trouble.
At the beginning, the headquarters was very worried about the situation of the 135th Division. However, after considering the entire situation as a whole, Lin Biao was not angry but happy. To turn against the guest is to turn passivity into initiative and reverse the offensive and defensive trends. In his opinion, the actions of the 135th Division are bound to bring drastic changes to the battlefield.
Lin Biao was very cautious in using troops, but when the 135th Division penetrated Bai Chongxi's abdomen, he changed from his cautious style and decisively ordered Ding Sheng, the commander of the 135th Division:
"Your division is temporarily unavailable." I am now under command. Please tell the radio station to contact us! The division and regiment radio stations of the division must be on call. The regiment and army radio stations can only be listened to but not commanded. "
As the commander-in-chief of a million-strong army, he must be on call directly. Giving orders to division-level troops goes against the grain. But in emergencies, Lin Biao will also take command beyond the level, and even directly command regiment-level troops. This command method can reduce the time for information transmission. The battlefield at that time was changing rapidly. If we followed the old method of transmitting it step by step, it would often take 2 hours for a telegram to be turned into a code by the translator and sent out. If the corps, then the army, and then the division are relayed layer by layer, I am afraid that daylily and will be cold.
According to Lin Biao's plan, the 135th Division should ""make trouble in heaven"" in Bai Chongxi's belly. It should act independently in a mobile and flexible way to find and destroy small enemies and intercept retreating enemies. As for the main force of the Central Route Army, it should split its way and rush towards Bai Chongxi's department. Advance forward and encircle it.
If Bai Chongxi surrounded the 135th Division, it was a small circle. , Lin Biao used the main force of the Central Route Army to create a large circle for Bai Chongxi, and the large trap surrounded the small circle, and finally annihilated the opponent.
Therefore, what the 135th Division had to do was to attract the enemy as much as possible, block them layer by layer, and slow down the Gui army's escape south. Speed. Therefore, the existence of the 135th Division has become the key to a complete victory in the Hengbao Battle. 13 Can the 5th Division complete this arduous task?
4. Ding Daudao and the commander of the 135th Division
135 Division Ding Sheng, he is of medium build, does not speak much, and looks very gentle. But the old subordinates said that as long as there is a war, the commander will be the best. It's like he's become a different person, in his eyes Full of murderous intent. Ding Sheng participated in the Long March in his early years. He fought bravely and was not afraid of death, so he was known as "Ding Bold".
A strong general has no weak soldiers. According to Ding Sheng's old subordinates:
"Ding Sheng." The troops he led turned red-eyed when they saw the enemy, and charged up with howls. ”
135 Division’s predecessor was the 1st Regiment of the 1st Division of the 1st Army of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army established in Sanwan Village, Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province in September 1927. From Agrarian Revolution to the Liberation War, the 135 Division participated in almost all fierce battles. . The "Eighteen Warriors" of the Red Army period and the "Five Heroes of Langya Mountain" during the Anti-Japanese War all came from this heroic army.
The Battle of Hengbao is destined to make the 135th Division and Ding Sheng famous all over the world!
After receiving Lin Biao's order, Ding Sheng immediately held a mobilization meeting. Ding Sheng said: "We must be prepared to be attacked on two sides or even on three sides, and be ready to fight tough and vicious battles at any time! Because we are sharp-sword masters and cannot embarrass the heroic People's Liberation Army."
At this moment, Bai Chongxi's troops were overwhelming the ground. Pounced up. They are the 171st Division and 172nd Division of the "Seventh Steel Army", and the 138th Division and 176th Division of the 48th Army. They are all the main forces of the Guangxi Clan. With one against four, this is bound to be a brutal and fierce battle.
At this moment, Lin Biao sent a telegram:
"You are in a critical situation. You can choose your own path to go west and occupy favorable terrain to block the enemy. We have ordered the western troops to move closer to you."
The art of war has this saying: "We will lose the enemy." The 135th Division was trapped behind enemy lines for five days and five nights, and was always in danger of being destroyed. A slight mistake could result in the entire army being annihilated. In the case where the enemy's situation is never clear and clear, everything can only rely on Ding Sheng's judgment and handling.
But fortunately, Ding Sheng was both smart and brave, and there was no mistake in the decisions he made. Inspired by Ding Sheng, the soldiers of the 135th Division sacrificed their lives and taught the arrogant Gui Army a lesson.
htmlAt dawn on the 6th, the 171st Division of the Guangxi Army launched the first attack. At that time, the white bandits were condescending and attacked me with mortars and heavy machine guns. "The commanders and fighters of the 405th Regiment of the 135th Division" took advantage of the favorable terrain, fought bravely, and fought fiercely for two hours to repel the 171st Division.In a specific battle, our army withstood 4 fierce attacks by an enemy battalion with only 2 platoons, allowing the so-called "Steel Seventh Army" to taste the power of our army. From then on, under the dark and fearful eyes of the white bandit officers and soldiers, On the soul, another heavy stroke was applied.
Subsequently, the strength of the Gui army increased, and the enemy surrounded the 135th Division in a narrow area of only a few square kilometers from the east, south, and west. At this time, the 403 regiment lost contact, and Ding Sheng only had two troops, the 404 regiment and the 405 regiment.
Ding Sheng observed the enemy troops on a mountainside and found that the mountain road more than ten miles from Lumenqian to Shuanghe Pavilion was full of enemies. In the telescope, troops of the "Seventh Steel Army" wearing American large trousers and carrying American weapons were crowded everywhere.
So Ding Sheng made a quick decision: "Playing is the trump card." So he immediately ordered nine companies of troops to attack downwards without leaving any reserves. In this way, our army and the Seventh Steel Army fought hand to hand and fought together.
There were eight armies participating in the Northern Expedition . The most capable ones were the Fourth Army in Guangdong and the Seventh Army in Guangxi. Because one is called "Iron Army" and the other is called "Steel Army". The Seventh Army is brave, powerful, dares to fight with bayonets, and dares to fight tough battles. It is the army that originated from the Guangxi Clan. It is the eyeball and lifeblood of Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi. The
battle is so brutal. The Guangxi army is quite difficult to attack. Many of them are veterans who have been in the army for seven or eight years. They all have submachine guns and everyone has a shell gun. They are extremely arrogant. They launched seven consecutive charges and refused to retreat even though they were badly wounded. Some even though they were injured, they were pinned down and refused to surrender. They continued to curse, "Shame on you!" At dawn the next day, part of the Seventh Army was wiped out, and the arrogant Gang Seventh Army was finally defeated.
However, even so, the situation of the 135th Division did not improve much. All units of the 135th Division are still fighting to the death with the enemy. Sometimes they are attacked, sometimes they are surrounded; sometimes they attack, sometimes they move. Sometimes we march on the same road as the enemy; sometimes the enemy appears in front of our troops, sometimes at the rear; sometimes the enemy and we camp in the same village.
When the 404th Regiment and the 405th Regiment were fighting fiercely with the enemy. The 403rd Regiment also fought bloody battles with the enemy near the Shenxian Cave south of Chibi Ridge. There, the 403rd Division was surrounded by two enemy regiments, the 138th Division and the 176th Division, and a fierce battle began. Qi Baoqian, the commander of the third battalion, died heroically.
At dawn on the 8th, the 403rd Regiment and the 404th Regiment reunited. During the breakout process, more than 50 people from the 403rd Regiment's guard platoon fought tenaciously against the enemy in order to cover the main breakout of the regiment. In the end, only more than 10 people were able to escape.Many comrades fired the last grenade while holding the enemy in their arms.
Li Jiulong, then commander of the 2nd Company of the 405th Regiment of the 135th Division, recalled that his company at the time was completing the attack on the last stronghold held by the enemy. Finally, there were only 6 comrades left in the company. The
135 division was firmly nailed into the Gui army's belly, causing Bai Chongxi to be in chaos. On October 7, Bai Chongxi could no longer hold on and began to telegraph the entire army to retreat.
Previously, the Gui army was tightly entangled and difficult to annihilate. Once the order was given to retreat, not to mention that the morale of the army would collapse in an instant. Simply escaping in separate ways would leave many gaps in the various departments. These gaps are just suitable for our army to attack, detour, and encircle and annihilate.
Lin Biao saw that the time had come, so he sent a telegram to the entire army in the western and central areas to quickly intercept and pursue the enemy. Lin Biao also sent the last telegram to the 135th Division, ordering them to resolutely block the enemy's retreat southward, like a dam, delaying or even blocking the enemy's retreat.
Just like that, the entire Guangxi Army collapsed. The headquarters of the Seventh Steel Army was wiped out, and the 172nd Division was wiped out. When the 171st Division, the 138th Division, and the 176th Division fled to the southeast, they were blocked by the 119th Division of our 40th Army. In this battle of Hengbao, the Kuomintang army was annihilated 47,000 people, and our army suffered more than 4,000 casualties.
The significance of this battle is not to annihilate how many enemies, but to annihilate four elite divisions and break the backbone of the Gui Army. As Ling Yun, deputy commander of the Seventh Army, said: "After these two armies were wiped out, Bai Chongxi's remaining troops who fled to Guangxi, although they were said to be 300,000, were frightened by the news. Once they came into contact with the People's Liberation Army, they fell apart."
In the subsequent battles, Our army rushed into Guangxi like the autumn wind sweeping away fallen leaves, and attacked the Guangxi warlords in one fell swoop. The "Seventh Steel Army" has since become history. Bai Chongxi, who was heartbroken, had no choice but to fly to Taiwan in despair with tears in his eyes. This "China's most cunning warlord" in Mao Zedong's mouth finally embarked on a road of no return in depression.
In the Battle of Hengbao, the 135th Division achieved astonishing results. They fought against enemies several times their own, experienced hundreds of battles in just a few days, and finally captured 4,311 enemies. Near Lingguan Hall, more than 500 revolutionary martyrs are buried, and there are currently 24 tombs of martyrs that can be checked.
Those soldiers who fell on the land of southern Hunan failed to see the New China for which they lived and died, and fell on the eve of dawn. But their sacrifice was not without meaning. As a People's Liberation Army officer once wrote to his daughter - "What is New China?" The letter said:
"Let fathers, shovel the foundation of new democracy flat, so that the next generation can build a free, happy, civilized, progressive, dignified, and luxurious world on our land!"
And their sacrifice finally created a peaceful and powerful new China!
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