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The Paper has learned that "With the Heavens - An Exhibition of the Essence of Cultural Relics of the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties in Shaanxi" opened today (July 15) at the Fengxian Museum in Shanghai. The exhibition selects more than 150 pieces (groups) of fine cultural relics from the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang cultural relics unearthed in Shaanxi in recent years, including bronzes, gold and silverware, jade, ceramics, etc. There are also national treasures such as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, Han Dynasty Yang Precious cultural relics such as pottery figurines from the mausoleum, secret color porcelain from Famen Temple, and gold and silverware unearthed from Hejia Village were unveiled.
The exhibition is arranged in chronological order and is divided into four units: "The Great Zhou Dynasty", "The Eastern Empire", "The Magnificent Style of the Han Dynasty" and "The Weather of the Tang Dynasty". , demonstrating the splendid history of the Chinese nation and the cultural confidence of being enterprising, tolerant and generous.
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This exhibition is organized by Shaanxi History Museum , Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Museum , Shanghai Museum , Shanghai Fengxian District Cultural Center It is co-sponsored by the Huahe Tourism Bureau and hosted by Fengxian Museum. It also borrows important collections from many cultural and museum units in Shaanxi Province such as Xianyang Museum, Yangling Museum of Han Jing Emperor, Famen Temple Museum, Qianling Museum, etc.
There are a total of 156 pieces (groups) of exhibits, including 28 pieces (groups) of first-class quality. They are all selected from the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang cultural relics unearthed in Shaanxi in recent years. The representative exhibits include the Western Zhou Dynasty Fujia Gui, Bo Hu, Liang Qiding , King Zhao of Qin Gui, "Twenty-Six Years" bronze edict, bronze chariots and horses (replicas), terracotta warriors and horses, Han Dynasty "Wuji with Heaven" tiles , round-carved jade figurine heads, jade to ward off evil spirits, Yangjiawan painted equestrian figurines, Three-color horse-riding envoy figurines of the Tang Dynasty, gold and silverware from the Hejia Village hoard, secret-color porcelain from Famen Temple, etc.
This exhibition is also another multi-unit joint exhibition with the theme of Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang cultural relics after the "Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Civilization Exhibition" jointly organized by the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and the Shanghai Museum in 2004.
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Shaanxi, also known as Sanqin , its territory spans the Yellow River and ht The middle part of the two major river basins of the ml3 Yangtze River is bounded by the Loess Plateau to the north, the Qinling mountainous area to the south, and the vast Guanzhong Plain in the middle. It is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization. In China's thousands of years of history, it has successively Fourteen dynasties established their capitals here. Among these fourteen dynasties, the four unified dynasties of Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang wrote the most wonderful chapters of Chinese civilization, made important contributions to the development of world civilization, and influenced modern times across time and space. China's political economy, ideological culture and social life.
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The ritual and music culture founded by Guozuo of the Western Zhou Dynasty lasted for more than 300 years, forming the core of traditional Chinese thought and culture. It was an important development stage of China's early country and the heyday of ancient Chinese society; Qin Ziguan's central and western The vassal states began to develop, and in 221 BC Qin Shihuang Yingzheng unified the country and established the first empire in Chinese history. The unified dynasty established a variety of systems that laid the foundation for China's political civilization for two thousand years; the Han Dynasty was the first peak of ancient Chinese social development, with unprecedented prosperity in social economy and culture. With the opening of the Silk Road, China's first Once famous for its status as a civilized and developed power; Tang Dynasty was another prosperous era in Chinese history, with open politics, developed economy, national integration, and cultural prosperity, creating a country that makes people proud, memorable, and always inspires people to hold their heads high. The golden age of endeavor.
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The ancient civilization of Shaanxi, represented by the Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang dynasties, has left us a large number of historical relics that condense the light of civilization, cultural scenes that have solved doubts through the ages, and many spiritual wealth worthy of rational publicity.
Unit 1 The Hezong Zhou
Exhibition site
The Western Zhou Dynasty went through 11 generations and 12 kings. It was an important development stage in the early days of China and the heyday of ancient Chinese society. The political system, economic form, especially the ethical spirit and bronze casting technology of the Western Zhou Dynasty fully demonstrated the characteristics of early Chinese civilization.The Zhou people who had been active in Shaanxi for a long time established the model of Chinese ritual and music civilization by "making rituals and making music", making "rituals" the cornerstone of the politics and culture of subsequent dynasties.
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Unit 2 The Eastern Empire
The Qin Dynasty was developed from the Qin State . After more than 500 years of hard work, it jumped from the initial small border country to the first of the seven heroes of the Warring States Period . In 221 BC, Qin King Yingzheng unified the six countries, created a centralized monarchy, and established the first unified dynasty in Chinese history. Abolition of feudal divisions, establishment of counties and counties, cars on the same track, and books on the same text... The Qin Dynasty transformed ancient China's political system from the "feudal state-building" of the Western Zhou Dynasty to a centralized "empire" that established local counties and counties to manage its politics and economy. , military systems, and serve as examples for future generations.
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Unit 3 The Great Han Dynasty
In 202 BC, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu and established the Western Han Dynasty . The Han Dynasty was the first peak of ancient Chinese social development and the golden age of China. The early state policies of levying light corvee and low taxes, resting with the people, and the implementation of Emperor Wu's strengthening of the centralized system promoted the unprecedented prosperity of the social economy and culture of the Western Han Dynasty. At the same time, with the opening of the Silk Road connecting Eurasia, , the external world Openness and exchanges became increasingly frequent. The Han Dynasty became the world's leading power at that time, and also showed the open, enterprising, and vigorous style of the times.
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Unit 4 Weather of the Tang Dynasty
In 618 AD, Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty. Several generations of monarchs worked hard to govern, and successively created the rule of Zhenguan and the prosperous Kaiyuan Dynasty, which were praised by future generations. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road was unprecedentedly prosperous, with business travelers from all over the world gathering, thousands of countries visiting , frequent cultural exchanges, and the comprehensive national strength and external influence reached its peak. Shaanxi is located in the center of the Tang Dynasty, which was politically open, economically developed, ethnically integrated, and culturally prosperous. A large number of exquisite Tang Dynasty cultural relics have been unearthed, witnessing the glory of the Tang Dynasty.
Key exhibits:
Geng Ding (Western Zhou Dynasty) collected by Shaanxi History Museum
Explanation of the inscription: Genzha (authored by) Luding
The bronze tripod is a vessel for cooking meat, and it is also the most popular vessel for the aristocratic class to carry out banquets, sacrifices and other ritual activities. One of the important ritual tools . The so-called "Zhongming Dingshi" refers to the tripod and bell as the representatives of the ceremonial instruments used by the nobles. After the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the use of tripods gradually became institutionalized, usually in odd number combinations, and the number of tripods was stipulated according to the user's hierarchical status. The bronze tripod is a symbol of royal power. In ancient times, the migration of the tripod was often used as a metaphor for the change of dynasties.
Youfu Gui (Western Zhou Dynasty) Collection of Shaanxi History Museum
Explanation of the inscription: Youfu Zha (made) Bao Gui, used by his descendants Sun Yongbao
Gui is a food-holding utensil in ancient China, mainly used to place cooked meals. Gui was also an important ritual vessel in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. During banquets and sacrifices, even numbers were often used in conjunction with the tripod.
Armored Warrior Warriors (Qin) Collection of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Museum
Armored Warriors are symbols of ordinary soldiers in the Qin Dynasty army. Warriors were unearthed from pits No. 1, 2 and 3 of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses. The armored samurai figurines were hoplites. According to the analysis of their excavated locations in the figurine pits, some of them are subordinate infantry figurines following chariots, while others are independent infantry figurines, and almost every warrior figurine looks like it is holding a weapon. The large number of warrior warriors unearthed from the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit are of great significance to the study of the history of infantry in ancient China.
Two Imperial Edicts Bronze Quan (Qin) Collection of the Mausoleum Museum of the First Emperor of Qin
After the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, the country was unified in weights and measures under the Qin system, so the imperial edict of the First Emperor was engraved on this instrument and designated as a standard instrument. The copper weight is shaped like a bell, hollow, with a tall body and square shoulders, a ring button on it, and 17 edges on the surface. The power body is engraved with the edicts of the 26th year of the First Emperor and the first year of Qin II. Among them, the edict of Qin Shihuang has 40 words, and the edict of Qin II has 60 words. After Qin II succeeded to the throne, he issued an additional edict. Both edicts recorded the historical facts of Qin Shi Huang's unification of weights and measures.
"Hetianwuji" tiles (Han Dynasty) Collection of Shaanxi History Museum
tiles are the front-end shielding of palaces or larger buildings that cover the eaves of the building. This tile has the four characters "With Tian Wuji" in seal script . "Wuji" means there is no end, and "With Tian Wuji" means good wishes and heading towards a better future. The name of this exhibition comes from this tile.
Figure of a Male Attendant in Plastic Clothes (Han Dynasty) Collection of the Yangling Museum of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty
The pottery figurine is painted in yellow. It has a round face, a black beard and red lips. There are ribbons on the cheeks hanging down to the chin, and the back of the head is combed in a bun under the crown. Wearing straight train three-layer deep robe, tied at the waist, the edge of the robe is trumpet-shaped and reaches to the feet. The arms hang down and are gathered inside the sleeves. There is a rectangular narrow hole on the inside of the left elbow, which should have been the place where the sword should be inserted. The knees are slightly bent and the shoes are worn with square toes. Show the image of a civil official or attendant who is dedicated to his duties, respectful and obedient.
Round-carved jade figurine head (Han Dynasty) Collection of Xianyang Museum
This cultural relic is the head of a jade figurine, broken diagonally from the neck. The jade material is green and is carved using a combination of round carving, relief carving and negative line carving. He has a high crown, long face, willow leaf-shaped eyes, long nose and pursed mouth. The eyebrows, beard, and bun are engraved on the negative lines. The bun is rolled up and has hairpin holes. This jade figurine head is made of excellent material, lifelike in shape, exquisite in carving, and basically well preserved. It is a rare fine jade carving from the Han Dynasty.
Secret-color porcelain bowl with five-petal sunflower mouth and ring (Tang Dynasty) Collection of Famen Temple Museum
Secret-color porcelain gradually disappeared after the Tang Dynasty. It was not until the excavation of the Famen Temple Pagoda Base Palace that the secret-color porcelain of Famen Temple was used as a The standard of secret color porcelain in the Tang Dynasty. Secret color porcelain is the beginning of Chinese official kiln porcelain. Its color was called Qianfeng Cuise by people in the Tang Dynasty. It is described as green like a mountain forest. Its texture is delicate. The bottom of some utensils is concave. This design allows light to shine into the container. , as if there is a lake in it.
"Twenty-Six Years' Edict" Pottery Quan (Qin Dynasty) Collection of Shaanxi History Museum
Made of gray pottery, the pottery is delicate. The overall shape is in the shape of an overturned bowl, with a bridge-shaped handle on the top and a round hole underneath. Engraved on the abdomen is the edict issued by Qin Shihuang in the 26th year of his reign to unify weights and measures, with a total of eight lines and four crosses. The content is an edict issued by Qin Shihuang to unify weights and measures after the destruction of the six kingdoms. It is exactly the same as the characters engraved on the bronze edict in the 26th year of the Qin Dynasty. Ceramic Qin Quan are rarely unearthed, and those with inscriptions are even rarer. This "Twenty-Six Years Edict" pottery dynasty is the historical witness of the First Emperor's unification of weights and measures, and is extremely precious.
Plain Silver Plate (Tang Dynasty) Collection of Shaanxi History Museum
A large number of silverware were unearthed from the Hejiacun cellar, which shows the development of silver smelting technology in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the "ash blowing method" was used to smelt silver, which used ash husks and blast combustion to refine silver. The main principle is to use silver and lead to fuse with each other, so that silver dissolves in lead, and air is introduced to oxidize and precipitate lead to refine silver. A total of 21 plain silver plates were unearthed from the Hejiacun cellar. They have the same specifications and shapes. It is speculated that they were made in the same batch or used as tableware sets. The concept of using gold and silver as utensils to increase longevity was generally popular among the royal families and nobles of many dynasties in ancient my country. In the Tang Dynasty, this concept was taken to the extreme, believing that "gold and silver as food utensils can lead to immortality."
Jianruo Zhishui Bronze Mirror (Tang Dynasty) Collection of Qianling Museum
This bronze mirror was unearthed from the Qianling Tomb Prince Zhanghuai's Tomb. It was probably used by Prince Zhanghuai Li Xian's wife Fang of Qinghe during her lifetime. The back of the bronze mirror is engraved with some auspicious flowers, plants, birds and beasts such as creepers, Qinglong, Luan, Qilin, phoenix, and a 32-word regular script inscription, which begins: "The mirror is like still water, the light is like water." The lightning shines, the cyclists come to grind it, and the concubines come to shine it." Therefore, it is named "Jianruo Zhishui" mirror. This bronze mirror has beautiful patterns, rich inscriptions and exquisite production technology. It can be said to have reached the ultimate level of bronze mirror production in the Tang Dynasty and can be called a classic among bronze mirrors.
Exhibition poster
This exhibition lasts until September 15th.
(The graphic and text materials of this article are provided by Shanghai Fengxian District Museum)
Editor in charge: Chen Ruoqian
Proofreader: Liu Wei
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