’s new ETFE membrane structure, the station decoration of wheat ear yellow ceramic panels, the ceiling of the waiting hall in the shape of a caisson, the 100-meter-long roll of 3D printing, more than 200 light pipes on the platform floor, and the precisely laid out 5G infrastructure facility… …On July 24, a reporter from Securities Daily walked into the "old-style and new-style" Beijing Fengtai Station. He saw the unique "Made in China Intelligent" beauty of Asia's largest railway hub passenger station, and also felt that China's railways have grown from scratch. , "China speed" from weak to strong.
data shows that as of the end of 2021, my country's high-speed rail operating mileage has exceeded 40,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world. From 2012 to 2021, my country's high-speed rail industry has experienced rapid development in the past ten years. The total operating mileage has quadrupled, and its proportion of the total railway operating mileage has increased from 9.6% to 27.53%.
China's high-speed rail has grown from scratch and has grown from a "chaser" to a "leader" in the world's railways. At present, my country has become the country with the most complete high-speed railway system technology, the strongest integration capability, the longest operating mileage, the highest operating speed, and the largest scale of construction in the world.
How is the "China speed" of high-speed rail achieved? What are the wonderful stories behind this “China business card”?
"Seeing China from the high-speed rail" comes into reality
"Although the development of my country's high-speed rail is more than 40 years later than that of developed countries, relying on the party's leadership and the advantages of the new national system, after several generations of railway people's continuous struggle, it has achieved from scratch to From catching up to running alongside and then leading the way, the world's largest and most modern high-speed railway network has been successfully built since 200. Since my country's first Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway with a design speed of 350 kilometers per hour was completed and put into operation in 2008, a large number of high-speed rails have been completed and put into operation. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the development of my country's high-speed rail has entered the fast lane, with an average annual production of 3,500 kilometers. Its speed and high quality have amazed the world, and it has become a 'bright business card' of China's image," a relevant person in charge of China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China Railway Group") told a reporter from Securities Daily.
Looking back at the history of China's railway speed increases, from 1997 to 2001, it carried out four major speed increases, with the maximum speed of passenger trains reaching 140 kilometers per hour; the fifth major speed increase began on April 18, 2004, mainly in Beijing and Shanghai , Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Harbin and other lines running at a speed of 160 kilometers per hour Direct express with the prefix Z. The train departs in the morning and arrives in the morning. It does not accommodate passengers on the way and only makes technical stops for a few minutes at certain stations. Starting from April 18, 2007, the national railways officially implemented the sixth large-scale speed increase, reaching a speed of 200 kilometers per hour. Among the above, some sections of the Beijing-Harbin, Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou, Jiaoji and other speed-increasing trunk lines can reach 250 kilometers per hour.
On August 1, 2008, the Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway was put into operation, achieving a 30-minute connection between Beijing and Tianjin. It also became my country's first high-speed railway with completely independent intellectual property rights and a running speed of 350 kilometers per hour, marking the China has officially entered the era of high-speed rail.
"my country is the only country in the world that has achieved commercial operation of high-speed rail at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour. It has set a benchmark for commercial operation of high-speed rail in the world and demonstrated 'China Speed' to the world in the most intuitive way. By the end of 2020, the operating mileage of my country's high-speed rail will reach 37,900 kilometers, accounting for 69% of the world’s total high-speed rail mileage; among them, the speed is 300 kilometers per hour to 35 kilometers per hour. The operating mileage of high-speed rail with a speed of 0 kilometers is 13,700 kilometers, accounting for 36%; the operating mileage of high-speed rail with a speed of 200 kilometers to 250 kilometers per hour is 24,200 kilometers, accounting for 64%. Currently, in Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Tianjin, Beijing-Zhangjiakou, and Chengdu-Chongqing. On the 1,910-kilometer high-speed rail line, the Fuxing train operates at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour," the above-mentioned relevant person in charge of the China Railway Group told a reporter from Securities Daily.
In June 2022, An Lusheng, deputy director of the State Railway Administration, introduced at the "China in These Ten Years" series of themed press conferences that in the past ten years, my country's railway fixed asset investment has exceeded 7 trillion yuan, and the production mileage has increased by 52,000 kilometers. By the end of 2021, the national railway operating mileage will reach 150,000 kilometers, including 40,000 kilometers of high-speed rail. Railways have covered 81% of counties across the country, and high-speed rail reaches 93% of cities with a population of more than 500,000. A railway network with reasonable layout, extensive coverage, clear layers, safety and efficiency has been basically formed. In the past ten years, the "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed rail network has been fully completed, and the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed rail network has been densely formed, which has strongly supported major national strategies."Seeing China while sitting on the high-speed rail" has become a true portrayal of people enjoying a better life.
With the world's largest high-speed rail operating mileage and speed, the strength of China's high-speed rail has been recognized by the international community, and it has become a bright "China business card." Data show that in recent years, the carrying capacity of the high-speed rail industry has increased year by year as a proportion of the railway industry, and the quality of transportation has improved significantly. The high-speed rail industry focuses on meeting the people's growing demand for railway transportation, vigorously implements structural reforms on the railway supply side, and continues to improve transportation supply capacity, service quality, and safety levels. From 2012 to 2020, the national high-speed rail passenger volume increased by an average of 23.38% annually, and the high-speed rail passenger turnover increased by an average of 21.37%. Passenger travel has become more convenient, and the transportation of key materials such as energy and resources has been effectively guaranteed.
Independent innovation demonstrates the "hard power" of science and technology
The construction of high-speed railway is a complex systematic project, and its innovation process is full of thorns and difficulties.
From "imitating others" to leading the development of high-speed rail in the world, on this journey, countless scientists and engineers have pioneered and explored, and the road has been blocked. With their indomitable will and the courage to make the impossible possible, they have worked hard to learn technology and actively explored the unknown. field, which led to today’s great achievements.
"my country decided to develop high-speed rail through technology introduction in 2004. However, in the international market, the core technology is difficult to buy with money." Shi Xiang, chief expert of Kangni Electromechanical, which focuses on the research and development and production of rail transit door systems, told Securities Daily "reporter.
For example, a high-speed rail door is a complex electromechanical system that integrates multiple technologies such as machinery, materials, control and communication. It has extremely high requirements for safety and reliability. For example, the safety accident rate is less than 10-6/h, which is equivalent to the safety of a car door. The event must be "once in a century"; the number of faults per million kilometers (FPMK) ≤ 1, which is equivalent to 130 days of non-stop operation from Beijing to Shanghai, before a door failure is allowed. In an interview with
, Shi Xiang told reporters that the high aerodynamic load brought by high speed will cause the door seal to fail and the door to fall off; the high cold of -40℃ in the north and the strong wind and sand in the west may cause the door to freeze and cannot be opened. , lubricating grease loss The effect and the door movement wear are aggravated; the high-intensity electromagnetic interference of the EMU will cause the door communication reliability to decrease, leading to abnormal door opening; and the door design theory, test evaluation system and standards for speeds up to 350 kilometers per hour are still basically the same around the world. blank.
In order to achieve independent innovation in high-speed rail door technology as soon as possible, Shi Xiang led the R&D team of Canni Electromechanical to begin to tackle relevant technical difficulties.
In response to the harm of high aerodynamic loads to car doors, Shi Xiang invented a new door system with a "built-in plug" movement, which not only prevents the door from falling out, but also cleverly uses the pneumatic pressure difference to make the door more sealed. Compared with foreign products, the sealing performance is improved 55%, and the sound insulation effect is improved by 9%. While the door safety is improved, the riding comfort is also improved.
In addition, after more than ten years of overcoming difficulties, the four major difficulties of "three highs and one nothing" have also been solved one by one by Connie Electromechanical. The company has developed China's first domestically produced high-speed rail door system with completely independent intellectual property rights. The overall technical level has reached an internationally leading level and is listed as a national strategic innovation product. This system has been supplied in batches since 2014 and fully covers the main domestic EMU models. Up to now, more than 80% of the doors of "Fuxinghao" have been developed through its cooperation.
In addition to getting rid of dependence on foreign countries for high-speed rail door technology, my country has also achieved independent innovation in train operation control technology. As one of the three core technologies of high-speed rail, it plays a decisive role in the safe and efficient operation of high-speed rail. As the standard leader, system creator and technology leader of my country's high-speed train operation control system, CRSC, which focuses on rail transit control system technology, has helped the world realize high-speed rail automatic driving for the first time through high-quality intellectual property work, realizing the "high-speed rail" "Brain" has followed localization, autonomy, and reached the leap to fully autonomous and controllable, ensuring the safe operation of 9,800 passenger trains and the safe travel of 100 million rail transit passengers every day, and has embarked on a path of technology patenting, patent standardization, and standard industrialization. , the road of independent innovation in industrial globalization.
"In the past ten years, CRSC has taken the development of national communication and signal technology as its mission, completely breaking foreign monopolies, and comprehensively conquering train overspeed protection, automatic driving, and intelligent dispatching and command in the fields of high-speed railways, intercity railways, and train operation control in the subway field. , existing line modification The key is to use core technologies such as manufacturing and replacement to form train control system equipment with diversified product categories, standardized main products, independent core products, and differentiated product levels to achieve the goals of being independent and controllable, safe, reliable, advanced, efficient, green and energy-saving. Core equipment achieves 100% localization and deep autonomy . In 2017, China’s first fully independent high-speed rail C3 train control system was successfully tested on the Great Western Line. All safety performances are better than those of foreign systems, and it has been officially put into use on the He’an-9 high-speed railway; in 2021, the key Achieve breakthroughs in core technology research, independently developed 4 domestically produced models Chips and the 'Anda' operating system have been applied, and a batch of core equipment based on 100% domestic chips has entered the industrialization and engineering stage, laying a solid foundation for China's rail transit train control technology and industrial chain to be completely independent and controllable." The relevant person in charge of the number told a reporter from Securities Daily.
Capital empowers China Standard to "sail overseas"
On January 16, 2020, Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, "China's first high-speed rail stock", was listed on the main board of the Shanghai Stock Exchange. As a listed company under the China Railway Group, the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway has taken the express train of the capital market and continued to grow in strength.
Flush Data shows that as of December 31, 2021, there were 71 concept stocks in the high-speed rail industry, with a total market value of 1.512119 billion yuan, an increase of 316.02% compared to 478.79 billion yuan at the end of 2012. The successful listing of Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway, "China's No. 1 High-speed Railway", on the A-share market is not only conducive to improving the quality of the A-share market, but also sets an example for my country's railway joint-stock reform.
Incomplete statistics on the annual reports of relevant companies in the past ten years show that companies in the high-speed rail industry are constantly increasing investment in research and development. According to the 2021 annual report data, the total R&D investment of 71 high-speed rail industry companies reached 102.743 billion yuan, of which many companies invested more than 10 billion yuan in R&D.
"During the 'Thirteenth Five-Year Plan' period, CRSC has deeply implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, accelerated research on key core technologies, accelerated the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, strengthened the pace of collaborative innovation, strengthened the construction of scientific and technological talent teams, continuously promoted the reform of innovation systems and mechanisms, and accumulated investment Science and technology expenses are nearly 9 billion yuan, and it has undertaken 23 national-level scientific research projects such as the national key research and development plan, and has made breakthroughs in independent high-speed rail train control systems, urban rail train control systems, and independent special chips. and a series of key core technologies. As of June 30, 2022, CRSC has a total of 3,474 valid authorized patents, including 1,233 invention patents and 125 overseas patents. From January to June 2022, a total of 526 invention patents were applied for. There are 59 overseas patents, and the growth rates of invention patent applications in the past three years have been 40%, 52%, and 39% respectively, and the number of invention patents has continued to increase," the relevant person in charge of CRSC told reporters.
As the "Dinghaishenzhen" of transportation, to this day, China Railway has completed the transformation from the "Harmony" EMU to the "Fuxing" EMU with completely independent intellectual property rights, from "four vertical and four horizontal" to "eight vertical and eight horizontal" ” a huge change. While China's railways are constantly improving themselves, they are also gradually going abroad and rushing into the world. With the continuous and smooth advancement of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the influence of Chinese culture continues to expand. With the implementation of our country's transportation power strategy, the importance of railways fully reflected in various fields.
On June 21, 2022, Tunnel No. 2 of Indonesia’s Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway was successfully completed. As the first model project for China's high-speed railway to implement its entire system, all factors, and the entire industry chain overseas, the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway construction has always attracted market attention. This high-speed railway connecting Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, and Bandung, the fourth largest city, has a total length of 142 kilometers and a maximum design speed of 350 kilometers per hour. It is a landmark project for the "Belt and Road" construction and pragmatic cooperation between China and Indonesia. After the project is completed, the travel time from Jakarta to Bandung will be shortened from more than 3 hours to 40 minutes. The implementation of
overseas projects has effectively promoted the "going out" of my country's railway standards.According to the above-mentioned relevant person in charge of the China Railway Group, in 2021, my country presided over 9 of the 40 standard-setting tasks carried out by the Railway Application Technical Committee of the International Organization for Standardization and participated in 31; my country presided over the 99 standard-setting tasks carried out by the International Electrotechnical Commission. 13 items, Participated in 48 projects; of the 606 standards formulation work carried out by the International Union of Railways (UIC), my country presided over 26 projects and participated in 21 projects, including UIC high-speed railway implementation series standards, UIC high-speed railway design series standards, etc., among which the implementation series standards have been introduced to the world. release. At the same time, my country’s railways have also signed standardization mutual recognition cooperation agreements with Russia and 21 other countries along the “Belt and Road”, which has significantly enhanced the influence of my country’s railway standards.
In July this year, my country’s railway standards received another good news. Recently, the International Union of Railways (UIC) released and implemented the "High-speed Railway Design Infrastructure" standard and the "High-speed Railway Design Power Supply" standard formulated under the auspices of our country. The two standards were hosted by experts organized by China Railway Group, France, Germany, Japan, More than 20 experts from more than 10 countries including Spain and Italy participated and took 4 years to compile. The standard establishes the overall design of the International Union of Railways high-speed railways, lines, roadbeds, bridges, tunnels, tracks, stations, EMU operation and maintenance facilities, maintenance facilities, comprehensive protection, environmental protection, traction power supply and transformation, contact network, power supply and distribution The design concepts, key parameters and technical requirements in the fields of remote control and remote control systems have contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the construction and operation of high-speed railways in the world.
"Smart" high-speed rail has soared to "50,000 kilometers"
According to data from the National Railway Administration, from 2012 to the end of 2021, the cumulative investment in railway fixed assets exceeded 7 trillion yuan, and the production mileage increased by 52,000 kilometers. Freight capacity continues to improve, with freight volume reaching 4.774 billion tons in 2021, an increase of 22.3% compared to 2012. According to the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the outline of long-term goals for 2035, by 2025, the national railway operating mileage will reach about 170,000 kilometers, including 50,000 kilometers of high-speed rail. In the Yangtze River Delta region alone, the scale of investment in railway construction during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period is expected to reach about 1 trillion yuan. By the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the operating mileage of the Yangtze River Delta railway will reach 17,000 kilometers and the mileage of high-speed rail will be about 9,500 kilometers, an increase of about 4,200 kilometers and 3,500 kilometers respectively compared with the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan".
"my country's railway independent innovation has achieved significant results. The overall technical level has entered the world's advanced ranks. High-speed, plateau, alpine and heavy-haul railway technology has reached the world's leading level. Intelligent high-speed railway technology has fully realized independence. It has now formed a system covering speeds from 160 kilometers per hour to The Fuxing series EMU model system with a speed of 350 kilometers will definitely have no problem achieving this goal," the relevant person in charge of Tianyi Shangjia, a core supplier of powder metallurgy brake pads for high-speed trains, told a reporter from Securities Daily. The above-mentioned person in charge of
introduced that in terms of material formula, Tianyi Shangjia broke the traditional material formula model in the industry and adjusted the types and proportions of friction components and lubricating components to ensure the strength of the matrix while improving the thermal conductivity of the brake pads. It ensures high enough friction coefficient and stability at different speeds; the company's powder metallurgy process route ensures the stability and consistency of the performance of powder metallurgy brake pads for EMUs. Through years of technology accumulation and technological iteration, the company has developed the third-generation upgrade product TS399B of powder metallurgy brake pads, which achieves the best match between the brake pads and the brake disc and nearly doubles the average life of the brake pads. This product has passed CRCC certification.
In the high-speed rail industry, Canni Electromechanical is also a typical representative of the upgrade of manufacturing to "intelligent" manufacturing. In addition to using digitalization to empower the production process, the company also applies digital means to the operational efficiency of the entire value chain such as R&D, marketing, and after-sales. "Securities Daily" reporters walked into the Kangni Electrical and Mechanical Factory located at No. 19 Hengda Road, Economic Development Zone, Nanjing. Dozens of staff responsible for production organization, equipment management, procurement management and other aspects were busy in front of the computer, giving instructions. It controls all intelligent operations in the front-end workshop of nearly 60,000 square meters. It is understood that in recent years, Kangni Electromechanical has used Internet+, artificial intelligence and big data technology to make online monitoring devices, fault diagnosis, fault prediction and other "health" management related to car door systems possible.
"We have an intelligent diagnosis and operation and maintenance platform for the door system, which can be called the 'intelligent operation and maintenance expert' in the field of rail vehicle door systems. On this platform, we have 20 companies from as far away as Hohhot, as close as Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and other countries. of multiple cities The real-time dynamics of the "Connie Door" can be reflected. The "health" status of each subway door, high-speed rail door, and platform door can be seen at a glance here. "Shi Xiang told reporters that if the door has hardware wear, poor opening and closing, etc., it is "sub-healthy." "Phenomenon, staff can get timely feedback. Once the system remotely monitors any sudden failure, it will immediately send out an alarm and dispatch an order to the local maintenance team for rapid repair.
Source: China Finance
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