Leaf Banyan Collection
Speaking of the impressive flowers in summer, in addition to lotus and jasmine, there are also leisurely and light fragrance gardenias. The whiteness of gardenia and the fragrance of gardenia have never been famous all over the world, but have been praised throughout the ages.
The buds of the gardenia are tender and slender. First, the green belt is slightly yellow, and slowly expands, turning into light green, and then turning into snow-white when it blooms. The backbone of the six-petal flower is similar to the heavy snowflakes, so the ancients often compared the gardenia of the six-petal flower with the six-petal snowflakes. For example, Southern Song poet Yang Wanli chants with the sentence "The tree is short, and the flowers are like snow. The lonely posture is pure outside, and the cold is fragrant in the heat." Wu Kuan, a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, wrote a poem that praises "The fragrance of petals appears six times, but it is like snowflakes"; the master of calligraphy and painting in the Ming Dynasty, Shen Zhou in " Gardenia Poems " records: "The snow spirit is cold and the air is clear, and the spirit is bright in the deep railings. A hook of the crescent moon wind leads the delicate fragrance into the painting courtyard."
In addition to poems, there are also many famous works with gardenia titles in calligraphy, painting and arts and crafts in the past dynasties. For example, the gardenia in the Song Dynasty's "Hundred Flowers Picture" replaces the bright colors with simple ink and wash, presenting a light and elegant interest; Yuan Dynasty "Zhang Chengzao" red gardenia pattern disc carves a huge and blooming double-petal gardenia in the plate with realistic techniques. There are four buds that are about to bloom. The branches and leaves are freely rolling, plump and round, covering the entire instrument; Ming Chen Chun The gardenia in "Sketching" volume has very different ink colors and is very fast ink, showing a heroic and neat style.
At the time of the heat, the "Forbidden City Flower Letter" column launched by "The Paper·Ancient Art" specially sorted out the famous gardenia calligraphy, painting and arts and crafts of the Palace Museum in history collected by the Palace Museum in Taipei. I wish readers and friends a cool summer.
Gardenia Picture from Shanghai Zuibaichi Park
(Biography) Five Dynasties Xu Xi Sketching Gardenia
(Biography) Five Dynasties Xu Xi Sketching Gardenia Collection of the Palace Museum in Taipei
Xu Xi (early 10th century), from Zhongling, Jiangxi. The cold reeds, weeds, water birds, , and wild ducks can capture the wild natural scenery of water birds by the river. When painting, people often use ink to dye it first and then add a little color, which is called the "boneless method".
(Traditional) Five Dynasties Xu Xi Sketching Gardenias The Taipei Palace Museum
This snow-white blooming gardenia and emerald green leaves set off each other, and the sparrows stood on the branches, wanting to hunt the wasp that was attracted by the fragrance of flowers. The pronunciation of bee is the same as "Feng", and the bird is similar to "Jue". It expresses congratulations through the homophonic "Feng Jue" and is a palace painting with auspicious meaning. This picture is selected from the fifth edition of the book "Collected Paintings of Song and Yuan Dynasties".
Song people's pictures of hundreds of flowers Volume
Song people's pictures of hundreds of flowers Volume (partial gardenia) The Palace Museum is in the collection of
Tang Dynasty poet Wu Rong 's poem "Broken Branches" says: "It's not that the painting master has never had the roots, and the painting master takes the momentum to teach the folds." What is said is the beauty of breaking branches and flowers. The composition of this "Hundred Flowers Picture" volume is taken in the form of "broken branches and flowers", and it captures the most distinctive parts of natural flowers into the painting, which is more delicate and moving than the overall description.
Song people Pictures of Hundred Flowers Volume (Partial Gardenia) The Palace Museum has
The pictures are interspersed naturally between flowers and birds, without any far-fetched meaning. Bees, mosquitoes, dragonflies, butterflies, swimming fish, frogs, etc. are also dotted, making them look very business-filled. The whole scroll is purely used ink and painted with white flowers. Except for the plum blossom at the beginning of the scroll, which is similar to Yang Wujiu, the other ones are written with fine brushwork, and ink instead of color, and outline ink and white painting. It also incorporates boneless painting techniques, reflecting the meticulous style of Song fine brushwork flowers and birds. It also replaces the bright colors with simple ink and wash, presenting a light and elegant atmosphere. The end of the courtyard style that is complex and rigid has broken through the time and space limitations of traditional flower and bird paintings and presented a new look. This technique has a certain impact on the Yuan Dynasty Qianxuan , Wang Yuan , Zhao Zhong's ink brush flowers, and later literati ink and wash flowers.
This painting has about 60 kinds of flowers in all seasons, nearly 17 meters long, and is a brilliant masterpiece. The seals for collection of "Tangcun" and "Jiaolin Liang's calligraphy and painting seals" are stamped on the last paper, including Qianlong, Jiaqing , Xuantong Appreciation Seals and Qing Inner Palace's collection seals. He was once recorded in " Shiqu Baoji ".
yuan, Qian Selection, Eight Flowers Pictures Volume
yuan, Qian Selection, Eight Flowers Pictures Volume (local gardenia) Collection of the Palace Museum
This volume depicts 8 kinds of flowers such as gardenia, begonia , pear blossom , apricot blossom, daffodil , peach blossom, peony, etc., each of which is relatively independent and becomes a whole. The eight kinds of flowers have their own postures, and they are not the same as those of the tilt and facing back. The brushwork is soft and vigorous, meticulous, elegant in color, and appropriate in thickness. The whole picture is exquisite without being stagnant, delicate and not delicate. The "Shunju" seal is stamped on the lower right corner of the front of this painting. The tail is the inscription of the Yuan Dynasty Zhao Mengfu : "Right Wuxing Qian Selected the original eight flowers painted by Shunju. Although the style is similar to the similar style, the charm of the beauty is very unattainable. When you come here, you are drunk on the day of wine, and your fingers are trembling and unable to write this again. However, the young people in the village often imitate it. There is a disadvantage of the boss holding the hearts of the boss. This volume is truly precious. to the 4th September of the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty , Zhao Mengfu in the same county."
yuan "Zhang Chengzao" red gardenia pattern disc
yuan "Zhang Chengzao" red gardenia pattern disc
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. The plate is made of yellow lacquer and carved a large and blooming gardenia in the plate with realistic techniques. There are four buds that are about to bloom. The branches and leaves are rolling freely, plump and round, covering the entire vessel. The back of the plate is carved with vanilla patterns, with sharp and deep lines and round and freely rotating. There is a three-character needle-sharing style with "Zhang Chengzao" close to the foot.
yuan "Zhang Chengzao" red gardenia pattern disc collection. The Palace Museum has
"Zhang Chengzao" red gardenia pattern disc, with thick lacquer and thick and round knife skills. It is not only a fine product of lacquer in the Yuan Dynasty, but also represents the highest level of lacquer craftsmanship at that time.
Ming Wen Zhengming Flower Book Nanguo Lianfen
Ming Wen Zhengming Flower Book Nanguo Lianfen The Taipei Palace Museum has
Ying and Running Book Postscript: The garland is full of lush pearls, and the snow is swaying and swaying. The seven treasures condense into emptiness and form color, and smell the fragrance of the nose and recognize the original emptiness.
Ming Chen Chun Colored Flowers Scroll
Ming Chen Chun Colored Flowers Scroll
This painting uses pen and colored colors, and writes a poem by oneself: "The heat is soaked and steamed but the day is long. The guillotine scarf and sunflower fan of bamboo bed. Where the flowers are shaking with water and air, there is a white jade hall in the world. The way is back." The paintings are the scenery of summer and the beauty of the flowers. The flowers bloom in full behind the lake stone, including gardenia, rose, lily , dianthus , and red elixir.
Ming Chen Chun Colored Flowers Axis The Taipei Palace Museum
flowers are depicted in boneless brushwork, while white flowers such as gardenia and lilies are expressed in the method of rubbing hooks and dotting leaves. The scenery is arranged with carefree arrangement and the colors are gentle and elegant. Unlike the habit of freehand brushwork in his later years, it should be a work before the age of fifty.
Chen Chun (1484-1544), from Changzhou, Jiangsu. His courtesy name was Daofu, and later became famous for his Daofu. His courtesy name was Fufu and his pseudonym was Baiyang Mountain native. The painter is talented and has a very talented person. He is well-versed in all classical studies, ancient Chinese, poetry, and calligraphy. I once learned calligraphy and painting from Wen Zhengming, and I was highly praised by Wen. He is good at freehand flowers and is particularly wonderful in sketching. Later generations called him "Qing Teng and Baiyang" together with Xu Wei , representing the new style of ink and freehand flowers painting in the mid-Ming Dynasty. He also painted landscapes and his handwriting was indulgent, which had a great influence on the ink and wash freehand painting in later generations.
Ming Chen Chun Sketch Volume
Ming Chen Chun Sketch Volume (Partial Gardenia) Taipei Palace Museum
This volume contains several kinds of flowers in the four seasons, in the form of broken branches, which is a common expression method used by painters in the Ming Dynasty to depict flowers. I wrote the text in 1538 at the age of 55. The branches of peony, orchid, bamboo, gardenia, lotus, daffodils, camellia are not placed on the same horizontal line. The echoes each other's high and low and near, making the composition lively and vivid. Whether it is the center line or the ink dots lying on the side, the thick and thin ink color are very different and the strokes are fast, showing a heroic and neat style. In terms of flower shape, the expression of hook flower dot leaves is flat on the front, undirected and the lines of veins are free and free. These are all manifestations of the painter's personal style.
After painting this picture, I followed a seven-character ancient poem by painter cursive : "The east wind blows endlessly, and the bees dance and follow each other. The water and flowers are beautiful and beautiful in the day, and the dark red and light white are everywhere. The high hall is lined with silk and silk, and the red curtains hide the spring. The singing is filled with wine, and the drunk is like a glass, sleeping in front of the flowers. Life is timely, and time is limited and there is no flooding period. It is common for flowers to bloom and fade, so it is better to make the flower god laugh and drunk. In the winter of Wuxu (1538), the people in Baiyang Mountain returned the letter and picture. "The pen is smooth and free, and the pen is flying and ink dances. The poems and pictures are in harmony and can be regarded as one of the representatives of the painter's painting style in his later years.
Ming Zhou Zhimeng Gardenia
Ming Zhou Zhimeng Gardenia This painting is selected from the "Mingren Painting Fan Book" in the Taipei Palace Museum
Zhou Zhimeng (birth and death year unknown), "Active and Jiajing and Wanli years" (according to the "Elegant Picture of Zhou Fuqing Xiaozhai" recorded in Volume 37 of "Shigutang Calligraphy and Painting Collection" in "The First Day of the August 1574 of Wanli". The specific birth and death year can be determined only during Jiajing and Wanli periods.) The name is Fuqing and the pseudonym is Shaogu, and he is from Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). He specializes in flower and bird painting, and raises birds at home in order to get the charm and shape of the painting. Flowers are the strengths of Chen Chun and Lu Zhi, and they are both skilled and written, with bright colors, making them a unique family. Zhou Zhimian and the contemporary Suzhou painters created the school of gouhua and dot leaves, which influenced the brush and ink styles of the late Ming and Qing dynasties in the flower and bird painting world.
Ming Sun Kehong Mo Hui Volume
Ming Sun Kehong Mo Hui Volume (partial gardenia) Taipei Palace Museum
Sun Kehong, the other one is Kehong (1532-1610), whose courtesy name is Yunzhi and pseudonym Xueju, was from Huating (now Songjiang, Shanghai). He was appointed as the prefect of Hanyang . He is talented and skilled, and deliberately calligraphy and painting. His calligraphy is exquisite in seal, clerical, running and cursive. He is good at painting landscapes, flowers, birds, bamboos, stones, and Buddha statues, and is particularly famous for his flowers and birds. He learns from Xu Xi, , Zhao Chang, , and recently Shen Zhou, , Lu Zhi, , and in his later years, he paints Ma Yuanshui and Mishi Yunshan. He learned from Shen Zhou and Lu Zhi, and was able to work fine brushwork and freehand brushwork. His works have two aspects: coarse and fine, either ink or color, with elegant styles, and a unique style. The book imitates Song Zhongwen. The residence is called "Dongguo Caotang".
Ming Chen Ju Flowers in Four Seasons Book of Gardenia
Ming Chen Ju Flowers in Four Seasons Book of Gardenia
Chen Ju (birth and death year unknown), a native of Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, whose courtesy name was Zizheng, and his nickname was Tuojiang, and also called Tuojiangzi, was from Wuxian, Jiangsu (now Suzhou), and was the son of Chen Daofu . Good at painting flowers, birds, landscapes, and paintings are passed down from family style. Chen Jue’s “Four Seasons Flowers” book uses ink and painting nine seasonal flowers, including Rong Kui , orchid, gardenia, lotus, hydrangea , okra , chrysanthemum, wood hibiscus , and plum. The pen is like his father, and it is unrestrained and interesting.
Ming Wanli style filigree enamel gardenia pattern wax table
Ming Wanli style cloisonné enamel gardenia pattern wax table
wax table disc type, with three copper gilded hanging cloud foot bottom. A copper gilt vase is placed in the center of the plate and wax skewers are drawn on the bottle. The plate is decorated with folded branches and floral patterns, and the edges are decorated with green branches and gardenia patterns, with different colors. The six-character style "made in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty" is engraved in the center of the outsole.
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the decorative colors of cloisonné enamelware are becoming richer and richer. Sometimes two or three colors are used to decorate differently, making the overall feeling changeable. This wax table is one of the representative works.
Qing Qianlong Imperial Poems of Flowers "Gardenia" ink
Rectangular ink, borders are edges. On one side, there is a poem written by Qianlong in the Jin Lishu: "I chant the gardenias in the imperial examination. The color is warm and the body is clean. The wind and dew are satisfied with the coolness. The yellow butterfly does not know the beauty and is disgusting. When looking for fragrance, it passes across the wall." On the other side, two branches of gardenia are printed in the center, and the flowers are blooming. The ink side contains the regular style "made in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty". This ink is stored in one box with the other forty-seven pieces, and is a complete set of Qianlong's imperial flower poetry set.
Qing Jiang Tingxi Sketching Flower Book Gardenia
Qing Jiang Tingxi Sketching Flower Book Gardenia Collection of the Palace Museum in Taipei
Jiang Tingxi (1669-1732), whose courtesy name is Youjun and Yangsun, his nickname is Nansha, Xigu , and also Qingtong Jushi , is from Changshu, Jiangsu, Qing Dynasty , an official, painter, philologist, and creator during the period of the Qing Dynasty Kangxi and Yongzheng . The younger brother of the Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou Jiang Chenxi .
Jiang Tingxi is knowledgeable and skilled, especially good at poetry and painting. He is good at flowers and birds, sketching with elegant brushes, and is proficient in craftsmanship, applying colors and ink, and has a picture that can be natural and harmonious, with vivid style and spirit, and has the charm of Yun Shouping. This painting contains the imperial calligraphy of the Qing Dynasty Gaozong: The orchid is covered with snow, and the color and fragrance are pure and pure. Just because it is slightly tempting to expel the flames, it is still rushing to the plum blossoms by the cold stream.
Qing Jiang Tingxi paints flowers book orchid gardenia
Qing Jiang Tingxi paints flowers book Orchid Gardenia Collection in Taipei Palace Museum
Qing Zhang Ruoai sketches flowers book Gardenia
Qing Zhang Ruoai sketches flowers book Gardenia Collection in Taipei Palace Museum
Zhang Ruoai (1713-1746), whose name is Qinglan , whose room name is Ouxiang Bookstore, is from Tongcheng, Anhui. Zhang Ruoai had family education, and his grandfather was Zhang Ying, a Grand Secretary of the Kangxi Dynasty, and his father was Zhang Tingyu, a Grand Secretary of the Yongzheng and Qianlong Dynasty. In the 11th year of Yongzheng (1733), the third place in the first place in the Guichou Palace Exam List was originally the third place in the first place. At the request of his father Zhang Tingyu to "give him this to the poor scholars in the world", he was demoted to the second place as a Jinshi. Wusanguan was specially appointed as an editor. Later, the emperor personally appointed as a bachelor of the cabinet and a minister of the Ministry of Rites. He entered the Zhinan Study room and served as the Minister of Rites and succeeded in the Earl.
Zhang Ruoai worships the inner court with calligraphy and paintings, and is good at painting landscapes, flowers and birds, and has obtained the legacy of Wang Fengxiang and Zhou's crown. In the 11th year of Qianlong's reign (1746), he followed the emperor to the west and returned to Beijing due to illness. He died soon after and was posthumously named Wenxi.
(This article is compiled from the Palace Museum and Taipei Palace Museum and other related materials.)
Editor-in-charge: Li Mei
Proofreading: Liu Wei
