Gastric esophageal reflux disease refers to inflammation, erosion, ulcer and fibrosis of the esophageal mucosa caused by food or gastric juice reflux (reverse) from the stomach and duodenum to the esophageal tract. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic disease that seriously affects people's quality of life. Long-term reflux can lead to Barrett's Esophagus and esophageal cancer.
The peak age of onset is 40-60 years old, and there are more men than women. The main symptoms of this disease are acid reflux, heartburn, chest pain, swallowing pain, nausea, etc. every time after meals or when sleeping at night, the disease may cause bleeding due to erosion of the esophageal mucosa. A few patients may experience symptoms other than the digestive tract such as cough and asthma.
The causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease mainly include:
- Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction: The lower esophageal sphincter is an annular muscle bundle with a length of 3-4cm at the end of the esophageal tract. Normal people have a high pressure belt when resting to prevent gastric content from flowing back into the esophagus.
- Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation: refers to spontaneous relaxation of the esophageal sphincter in the non-swallowing situation, and the relaxation time is significantly longer than the relaxation time during swallowing, so gastric contents are prone to reflux into the esophagus.
The diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease is usually based on typical clinical manifestations such as long-term and persistent symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux or heartburn.
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After being diagnosed by a doctor, the following tests can be optionally performed:
esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring, esophageal pressure detection, endoscopy, barium X-ray meal examination, esophageal nuclide examination, and diagnostic treatment test for acid inhibitors. Gastroscopy is a necessary means to diagnose esophageal inflammation and , and if necessary, combined with endoscopic biopsy histopathological examination. According to the endoscopic results, gastroesophageal reflux disease can be divided into non-eroscopic gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD) with negative endoscopic results and reflux esophagitis with positive endoscopic results.
Although the discomfort symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease will not immediately endanger life, the long-term "reflux esophagitis " still has the possibility of causing a large amount of upper gastrointestinal bleeding . If not treated, it may cause esophageal stenosis and Barret's esophageal disease. We classify Batter's esophageal lesions as precancerous lesions, because Batter's esophageal patients are 30-50 times more likely to develop esophageal cancer (agnomegaly) than normal people, thereby increasing the chance of esophageal cancer.
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9 things to pay attention to
In addition to drug treatment, the treatment methods for gastroesophageal reflux disease require self-care for patients. The following things to be paid attention to:
- 1. Do not change the medication situation without authorization;
- 2. Avoid eating coffee, chocolate, spicy, high-fat substances, citrus, etc.;
- 3. Pay attention to drugs that may cause symptoms;
- 4. It is recommended to quit smoking;
- 5. Avoid stimulating gastric juice secretion;
- 6. Appropriate rest and sleep posture. If symptoms occur when lying down or sleeping, it is recommended not to eat 2 hours before going to bed;
- 7. Appropriate weight control. Research shows that obese people (especially obese abdomen) will be more likely to experience gastroesophageal reflux as the abdominal pressure increases;
- 8. Cultivate good eating habits. Small meals;
- 9. Wear loose clothes.
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If you have Barret's esophageal disease, you should undergo endoscopic follow-up examination regularly to detect cancerous lesions in the early stage. When taking medication, you must persist in the course of treatment. After the symptoms are relieved, the doctor will determine whether to maintain treatment and prevent recurrence. If the drug treatment is not effective, surgical treatment should be considered.
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