In order to enhance China's long-term competitiveness in the global supply chain, reduce the risks of international logistics supply chain, and ensure the transportation security of foreign trade materials such as China's energy , minerals, and grain, it proposed the main path to improve the "hard connectivity" of China's international logistics supply chain system from the three dimensions of channel, hub and hub economy; it proposed the main measures to promote the "soft connectivity" of China's international logistics supply chain system from the three aspects of service, platform and mechanism; it proposed the main ideas to promote the transformation and upgrading of the logistics supply chain from the aspects of green wisdom, and proposed the suggestions to build a risk warning mechanism for the international logistics supply chain of China's key strategic materials.
China has become the world's most connected sea transportation in the world. The country attaches great importance to the issue of stable and smooth supply chains and proposes to accelerate the construction of the international logistics supply chain system and ensure smooth international freight. Since the international logistics service supply chain involves many links, many subjects, large risks, and wide areas of business involvement, there are still problems of poor cross-regional flows, and the global supply chain is facing reconstruction. This study proposes to take the breakthrough of along the Belt and Road Initiative as the focus, focus on the international maritime supply chain, systematically improve the overall resilience of the international logistics supply chain system, and on this basis, propose to build a risk warning mechanism and measures.
"hard connect" to improve the international logistics supply chain system
1. Create a comprehensive three-dimensional logistics supply chain channel
cooperate with countries along the "Belt and Road" to further improve the layout planning of international key channels, connect the Asian, European and non-core economic circles, and support the "diversification" trend of international supply chains.
1) Focusing on the westward sea channel of the "Belt and Road" as the focus, we will focus on improving the sea-to-shore logistics supply chain channel, and plan the development and construction of the Arctic waterway , and adhere to the principle of consultation, joint construction and sharing with countries along the route to jointly maintain the smooth and safe passage. Together to build a channel to the south to Australia and strengthen the logistics supply chain network connection with Australia, New Zealand and Pacific island countries .
2) focuses on the "Belt and Road" 6 economic corridor , continuously improve the land channel system, and build a comprehensive transportation channel with the main structure of railways, highways, etc. Promote the construction of regional railway channels that are interconnected with neighboring countries and steadily promote the construction of the new Southwest Land-Sea Corridor. Deepen the strategic cooperation between energy with countries along the "Belt and Road" and enhance China's diversified energy supply channel system.
3) Promote the opening of navigation rights with countries along the "Belt and Road", strengthen air transportation ties, and build a new corridor of the "Air Silk Road". Support the strategic cooperation between Chinese airlines and related national airlines , and share routes and cargo resources through cross-holding , participation in mergers and acquisitions, code sharing , etc.
2. Build a competitive multi-level hub system
Improve the hub system that combines maritime transportation and other methods for the logistics supply chain of the "Belt and Road" and build a number of comprehensive hub systems that are aimed at countries along the "Belt and Road" and radiate to the global logistics supply chain service market.
1) Relying on the port fulcrum built by overseas cooperation, advantageous shipping, ports and logistics enterprises are encouraged to "go global" and build several comprehensive port hubs. Actively participate in the restructuring and integration of global logistics resources, and improve the organizational capabilities of overseas logistics . Connect with the main international shipping channels and key land channels, and increase linkage with internal logistics hubs. Strengthen the functions of surrounding secondary seaport nodes and improve the bidirectional logistics network of sea and land.
2) Cooperate to build several regional logistics hubs, promote the construction of the international land transportation channel starting from China, achieve seamless connection between infrastructure and neighboring countries, and open up key "bottlenecks" . Optimize the overall layout of the China-Europe freight train supply chain and realize container recycling.
3) Improve the multi-level air cargo hub system, build a global air transportation network, and strengthen the layout and resource investment in strategic nodes such as important domestic and foreign aviation hubs, , and other strategic nodes. Support logistics companies with conditions to participate in or cooperate in the construction and operation of freight hub airports along the "Belt and Road" route, and encourage infrastructure to share and share .
3. Develop hub economy and channel economy
takes the linkage of Hong Kong and industry and industrial integration, etc. as the entry point, build a solid industrial support for the logistics supply chain, help build a logistics supply chain industrial system of "channel + hub + industry", and promote the extension of China's industrial chain and value chain to the "Belt and Road".
1) Relying on the advantages of the port, it attracts industrial agglomeration and develops processing and manufacturing clusters. Cooperate in South Asia, Africa and other regions to build several national free trade zones , improve the China Free Trade Zone network, and strengthen point-to-point cooperation in domestic and foreign free trade zones.
2) Cooperate to develop airside economy and create several globally competitive airside industrial highlands. Relying on the aviation hub, we will promote the quality and upgrading of high-end international trade, manufacturing, postal express and other industries, and encourage connectivity-oriented high-tech enterprises to layout hub economic zones.
3) Promote the upgrading of hub services, build a comprehensive hub system for countries along the "Belt and Road" and radiating global logistics supply chain service market, and enhance the resilience and competitiveness of China's international logistics supply chain.
promotes the "soft Unicom" of the international logistics supply chain system
1. With enterprises as the main body, improve the service capabilities of international logistics supply chain
actively cultivates China's logistics supply chain service brand and supports leading enterprises to strive to build a world-class international logistics supply chain enterprise.
1) Improve the international multimodal transport service capabilities, guide existing international logistics leading enterprises, strengthen sea-rail transport , and achieve seamless connection between sea and railways. Carry out land-air and air transport such as trucks and flights, and vigorously develop air-rail transport .
2) Expand professional logistics supply chain services and strengthen the construction of global, professional and resilient manufacturing supply chain system. Enterprises are encouraged to actively carry out overseas public overseas warehouse investment and build a standardized warehousing system for logistics supply chains for countries along the "Belt and Road".
3) Cultivate China's logistics supply chain service brand, promote cooperation between overseas ports and international shipping companies, and upstream and downstream companies in the supply chain. Through the embedding of big data analysis and decision-making systems such as international port supply chain database, global logistics system, global commodity trading system, and global customer service system, the inventory and supply chain management model will be optimized, and services will be improved.
4) Create a world-class international logistics supply chain enterprise and increase policy guidance. Increase the integration of upstream and downstream business chains and industrial chains, accelerate the transformation to a world-class international logistics supply chain enterprise, and deeply integrate into the international logistics supply chain and industrial chain.
2. System architecture multi-level logistics supply chain service platform
guides large logistics enterprises, leads the construction of logistics supply chain service integration platform, and strives to build a logistics supply chain information release platform.
1) Build a logistics supply chain service integration platform, use big data, Internet of Things, blockchain and other technologies to build a systematic functional architecture, and gradually realize the full process of information integration, and provide online customization, query, control, settlement, decision optimization, monitoring and evaluation, prediction and early warning and other comprehensive logistics supply chain services.
2) Improve the functions of regional and professional service platforms, and establish a professional logistics supply chain platform for energy raw materials, agricultural and sideline products, manufacturing, fast-moving consumer goods, etc. .Combined with online and offline services, we will guide commercial platforms to actively connect with administrative service functions such as ports, inspection and quarantine, and maritime in the logistics supply chain, and promote the information sharing and function docking between professional commercial platform functions and government platforms.
3) Build a logistics supply chain information release platform, build a special portal website, or rely on the existing national transportation and logistics public information platform , and open to the public for free . At the same time, we maintain openness and real-time updates to the website, providing quick entrances and channels for various service objects to quickly query and link professional logistics supply chain platforms.
3. Focusing on countries along the "Belt and Road" and improving the cooperation mechanism
Focusing on countries along the "Belt and Road" and studying the establishment of a special work coordination committee for logistics supply chain.
1) Research and establish a special work coordination committee for logistics supply chain. The committee promptly discovered major problems faced in the operation of the logistics supply chain and communicated with relevant international organizations and other departments along the route. In light of the needs, we have studied and established several special working groups to continuously improve the multi-level guarantee mechanism for the logistics supply chain.
2) jointly established a port community. Strengthen the elastic construction of global supply chain , strengthen trade cooperation and customs cooperation and consultation with major trading countries, open up barriers to cross-border logistics channels, and ensure smooth cross-border supply chains. Promote the performance of duties in accordance with the law, form a coordinated linkage model of "border inspection + customs + inspection and quarantine + transportation management", and strengthen the supervision and inspection of cross-border commodities in the process of customs declaration, tax collection and tax refund, information interaction and policy linkage.
3) Research and establish the International Logistics Supply Chain Research Society. Give full play to the strength of professional societies related to ports, logistics, and supply chains of various countries along the route, establish virtual alliances, and regularly networked discussions. Policies that meet the conditions can be elevated to concerted actions by countries along the route after discussion by the Coordination Committee.
4) Research and establish a long-term mechanism for daily tracking and evaluation of national logistics supply chains. Carry out regular assessments, risk identification, forecasting and early warnings in response to the current situation of the international logistics supply chain along the route, strengthen supply chain disaster rehearsals for the improvement of emergency capacity of the logistics supply chain and the construction of flexible supply chains, study and formulate logistics supply chain preparation plans, and make timely capacity reserves for responding to major emergencies .
5) Research and establish a long-term coordination, rapid response and emergency management mechanism for the logistics supply chain.
promotes the transformation and upgrading of China's international logistics supply chain system
1. Promote the construction of green and smart international logistics supply chain system
In the construction of the international logistics supply chain system, promotes the three major upgrade tasks , leads the formulation of relevant international rules and standards, and contributes Chinese solution and wisdom to the upgrading of global logistics supply chain.
1) Lead the development concept and technological changes of the international green logistics supply chain, and plan ahead and systematically create the "Belt and Road" green logistics supply chain demonstration project. Design standard systems such as construction, operation, and management of green logistics supply chains. Cooperate to plan and build a reverse logistics supply chain system in countries along the route.
2) Vigorously guide domestic and foreign financial institutions to make arrangements in advance, focus on leading enterprises on the chain, and deeply embed logistics supply chain financial services. In view of the operation status of goods in the logistics supply chain, we will realize pledge financing , credit guarantee , settlement and payment, etc., to solve the financing and settlement problems of related enterprises in the logistics supply chain.
3) Improve intelligent technology, do a good job in " new infrastructure " , and empower the international logistics supply chain system. Increase the application of automation technology. Through big data technology, problems existing in the logistics supply chain can be prevented, discovered and resolved in a timely manner.
2. Improve the domestic industrial chain system, provide basic support for supply chain upgrades
supports world-class industrial chain clustering, and on the basis of the current integration of regional port enterprises, strive to promote deep-level business collaboration and integration, and accelerate the integration of regional supply chains. Build an international shipping center, hub airport, and international logistics service base with Chinese characteristics, concentrate advantageous resources to form departmental and regional synergy, rely on the free trade pilot zone and other free trade zones to take the lead in policy innovation, build a world-class international hub portal, and consolidate China's position as a global supply chain hub.
Strengthen the risk monitoring and evaluation of international maritime supply chain
In 2021, China's imports of strategic materials such as crude oil, natural gas, iron ore, grain and coal were 2.25 billion t, twice that of 2010. The huge import volume and high-level external dependence put higher requirements on the safe and smooth international logistics supply chain, especially the maritime supply chain.
In order to further promote the construction of a safe and smooth international logistics supply chain system, it is recommended to select the "port-aircraft-ship-federation-reservoir-price" 6 major link (see Figure 1), and conduct a risk warning mechanism design for conventional risks and sudden risks such as "chain breaks" in the international logistics supply chain (see Figure 2).
Figure 1 Framework for risk analysis around the six major links of "Hong Kong-Airship-Ship-Federal-Stock Price"
Figure 2 Framework design ideas for early warning mechanism considering real-time burst and conventional risks
Conclusion
This study focuses on the new situation and new requirements facing China's international logistics supply chain system, focusing on countries along the "Belt and Road", and put forward the main tasks and policy suggestions for improving the resilience of China's international logistics supply chain from the aspects of "hard connectivity", "soft connectivity", logistics supply chain transformation and upgrading, risk monitoring and evaluation, etc.
1) Hard Unicom includes channels, hubs and hub economies, and soft Unicom includes services, platforms and mechanisms.
2) Focusing on the six major links of "port-aircraft-ship-federation-reservoir-price", conventional risks and sudden risks in the international logistics supply chain are included in the unified framework , and a risk warning mechanism design is carried out.
Authors: Liu Changjian, Sun Hanbing, Yuan Ziwen, Zhang Xiaoqing, Bi Shanshan, Shen Yihua, Xu Li, Tian Jia
Author Profile: Liu Changjian, Planning Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport, Digital Laboratory of Comprehensive Transport Planning, Senior Engineer, Research Direction is Transport Economics and Water Transport Planning; Yuan Ziwen (Communication Author), Planning Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport , Digital Laboratory of Comprehensive Transport Planning, Senior Engineer, Research Direction is Transport Economics and Water Transport Planning.
full text was published in " Science and Technology Guide " 2022 Issue 14
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