As my country's corn planting technology gradually matures, the technology of planting sweet corn in banana fields has made a qualitative leap in corn planting efficiency, which has played an important role in the development of my country's agriculture. The article focuses on analyzing the key technical points of sweet corn planting in banana fields. It aims to further improve the corn planting status in my country and improve the effectiveness of planting.
Xuwen County After the successful introduction and trial planting of sweet corn in 1999, the planting area has expanded year by year. In 2015, the planting area was 185,000 mu, the annual output was 136,000 tons, and the output value was 233 million yuan. It is mainly because sweet corn has strong adaptability, good resistance, high yield, excellent quality, high commodity value and good economic benefits in our county. The general yield per mu is 1250-1400 kg, and the high yield is more than 1500 kg. At present, sweet corn has become one of the main industries in the development of agriculture and rural economy in our county. It can be planted in a single species, intercropping or intercropping, such as intercropping corn in mulberry fields, intercropping mustard greens in corn fields, intercropping corn in chili fields, etc. In order to make full use of the land, we will process the banana heads in time after the banana is harvested, especially in autumn planting. In order to catch up with the season, we can also use bulldozers to push the banana heads to the edge of the ground to prepare the land and plant corn in time.
1. Select new and excellent varieties
In recent years, there are many varieties of corn promoted and planted in our county. Due to different varieties, their characteristics are different. They are generally widely adaptable, have strong stress resistance, are easy to grow, have high yields and high quality, and have good commercial properties. First, there are Jinfeng series varieties such as Jinfeng series varieties, and then Huazhen and Juzhen variety series. The varieties that are more planted in the near-intersection are: Xinmei Xiazhen, Jinzhongyu, Jinmao No. 3, Jinmao Tian No. 6, Jintian No. 5, Ruizhen , Green Pioneer and other super sweet corns; the new sweet corn varieties cultivated in Guangdong Province are: Guangdong Tian 13, Guangtian No. 3.
New variety—Ruizhen. Its variety approval number: Guangdong Shenyu No. 2008006. The variety has a compact plant shape and strong growth potential. The bud leaves are green and the fruit ears have no flag leaves. The plant height is 200-205 cm, the ear height is 73-76 cm, the ear length is 20.5-21.5 cm, the ear thickness is 5.0-5.2 cm, the grain depth is 1.25 cm, and the capping ability is good. The single-brae ear weight is 380-430 grams, the thousand-part weight is 402-403 grams, the grain yield rate is 72%, and the first-grade fruit ear rate is 88-92%. The ears are cylindrical and beautiful, with light yellow grains and large and full grains. The soluble sugar content is 26-28.5%, the peel thickness is 70 microns, which is good in commodity properties, good palatability and excellent quality. It has high resistance to striatric blight, resistance to large, leaflet spots and stem rot, strong resistance to fall, excellent heat and cold resistance, suitable for cultivation in most areas of the south, and has an increase of yield of more than 30% compared to "Huazhen". Suitable for spring and autumn planting in all parts of our province.
2. Floor preparation, dig grooves, and apply enough base fertilizer
1. Floor preparation, dig grooves. The planting ground is plowed deep, fermented, raked, and raked to make it deep, pine, fat, flat, and broken.
Before planting, open the planting groove according to the planting specifications. The planting specifications include large and small rows or average rows (i.e. small and small rows 80+40 cm, average rows 60 cm).
2. Apply enough base fertilizer. Each mu of fermented high-quality soil and miscellaneous fertilizer is used to apply 1000-1500 kg, 80-100 kg of superphosphate and 25-30 kg of compound fertilizer to the planting ditch.
3. Sowing
Before sowing, put the corn seeds in water for 2-4 hours, let the seeds absorb enough water, and then germinate (generally germination for 24 hours). When sowing, the germination seeds are sown on demand in the planting groove or in the fat hole. When ordering seeds, be careful not to contact the seeds directly with the fertilizer to avoid burning the seeds, and finally add fine soil to cover the seeds. The plant spacing is 35 cm, and 3,174 plants are planted per mu, and the seed volume per mu is 0.5-0.75kg.
Planting period: Sweet corn can be planted all year round in our county, but from the perspective of high yield, high quality and high efficiency, practical experience has proved that late autumn to spring is the best period (i.e., September to January of the following year). The corn planted during this period has few pests and diseases, easy to manage, saves labor and cost, has high output, good quality, wide sales, good prices and high efficiency.
4. Field management
1. Timely replenish seedlings. When sowing the live-sprinkled corn, seedlings should be sowed more seeds on the fields or cultivated with seedling cups (occupies about 5-8% of the seedlings). The seedlings should be replenished in time before the corn seedlings grow into place for 4 leaves. When replenishing seedlings, pay attention to combining root water to stabilize the root, so that the corn grows to the level of seedlings.
2. Remove tillering in time.When corn grows 4-5 leaves, corn with good soil fertility is prone to tillering. In order to promote the differentiation of the main stem buds and reduce nutrient loss, tillering should be removed in time. Only one main stem is left for each corn, but be careful not to damage the main stem leaves.
3. Cultivation. After planting, soil should be cultivated in time before closing the corn to prevent soil from being solidified.
4. Scientific fertilization. On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer and suitable planting fertilizer, we mainly focus on top dressing four times and combine nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. ① In the 4 leaf stage after the seedlings are set, the seedling fertilizer should be applied in time, and 8kg of urea and 5kg of potassium fertilizer should be applied per mu; ② In the 6-7 leaf stage, the 25kg of ternary compound fertilizer should be applied per mu, combined with the soil cultivation; ③ In the thorn stage (i.e., the male extraction stage), the ternary compound fertilizer should be applied per mu; ④ After the male extraction and silk spinning, the ternary compound fertilizer should be applied per mu according to the plant growth conditions. Use the integrated water and fertilizer technology, first dissolve the fertilizer in water, and then spray it through the pipe, which has better effect.
5. Use water reasonably. The soil should be kept moist during the seedling stage and prevent drought in the middle and late stages. Sweet corn is from the jointing to the maturity stage, which is the vigorous growth stage of corn, especially about 10 days before the maturity, and the proportion requirements are high. At this time, the relative water content of the soil is 70-80%. Corn is very sensitive to moisture reaction from the flowering stage, and it is the peak water demand period, and the relative water content of the soil must reach about 80% to meet its physiological water demand requirements. In winter and spring, there is less rain, so be careful to irrigate.
6. Sparse. Each sweet corn plant can have 2-3 bud ears. In order to increase the commercial rate, only one strong bud ear can be retained per plant (usually the largest and most top one is left), and all the other bud ears are removed. Sparse ears (small bud ears) should be carried out 2-3cm in the filament. During operation, be careful not to break or damage the main stem and leaves, so as not to affect the corn bud ears and cause reduction in yield.
7. Prevent and control pests and diseases
①Pests: The main pests in the seedling stage include , Tiger , sticky insects, etc. To prevent and control tigers, you can mix 90% till worm crystals with fried fragrant rice bran or wheat bran (1:50) or spray 50g of sugar, wine, vinegar, and till worms on the cabbage leaves and evenly sprinkle them in the fields in the evening to lure them. The main insect pest during the ear stage is till till worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm worm
② Diseases: For the prevention and treatment of large and small spot diseases, you can use Aimiao 3000 times or Sike 2000 times liquid or 1500 times liquid for prevention and treatment, or use 800 times liquid for polyvinyl wettable powder, or use 50% antibacterial special wettable powder, or use 800 times liquid for 75% baijiaxin wettable powder. Spray once every 7 days, 2 to 3 times in a row. For rust, spray with 3000 times plus powder rust. For physiological floral (white leaves) diseases, spray with 1000 times red A boron solution.
8. Artificial assisted pollination: If there is strong wind during the corn flowering period, it will be cloudy for more than two consecutive days, with lots of rain and high temperatures, artificial assisted pollination can be performed. Pollination should be carried out after the dew is dry on a sunny morning (9-11 o'clock), and pollination should be carried out while collecting powder. Use a brush to dip the collected fresh pollen into a little pollen onto the filament of the female ear. You can also put the pollen in a small bamboo tube, seal the mouth of the bamboo tube with 2 to 3 layers of sand cloth or stockings, and aim the pollen tube at the filament and gently pat it. Make the pollen fall evenly on the filaments.
5. Harvest
Sweet corn is mainly aimed at harvesting fresh ears. Whether the harvesting period is suitable has a great impact on its commodity quality and nutritional quality. Grain content is less harvested too early, while harvesting too late will make the peel harder and more residue, losing its unique flavor. The best harvest period is about 20-25 days after corn is spinning. More than 90% of the plants in the field have purple filaments at the end of the buds and the grains show the color of the variety, and you can harvest them. The harvesting should be carried out in the morning and will be launched in time. It should not be stored at room temperature for too long to avoid affecting the quality.
The original text is selected from Longyuan Journal Network: Farmer Technology's second half issue
Author: Zhou Jianguang, Yang Shihui
