On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the opening of Wuxi Museum, the selection of the "Top Ten Treasures of Xibo" is about to be. Among the 15 candidate collections selected by the hospital, there are 5 cultural relics such as calligraphy, painting and study, namely, the Five Dynasties Yang Ning style leek flower scroll, the Yuan Dynasty Ni Zan moss mark tree shadow picture scroll, the Ming Dynasty Ming Dynasty banana stone chiffon picture scroll, the Ming Dynasty banana stone chiffon and the Yuan Dynasty mountain stone pen holder. Among them, this newspaper has previously reported in detail the paintings of Ni Zan and Wen Zhengming and the handwriting of Zhu Yuanzhang. In this issue, "Searching for Wuxi's Treasures", this newspaper will help you solve the mystery of "life experience" of "Jiuhuatie" and Yama-shaped pen holder, one of the top ten running scripts in the world.
Calligraphy treasure that has never been "exposed"
Yang Ningshi (873-954), whose name is Jingdu and his nickname is Xubai, was from Huayin, Shaanxi. He was a secretary at the end of the Tang Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties, he was appointed as the young master of the prince, also known as " Yang Taishi ". He once pretended to be crazy and obscene, so "Yang Crazy" became his nickname. He can recite poems, is very funny and humorous, and is especially good at writing letters. Yang Ningshi is considered an important figure in the history of calligraphy, inheriting the Tang and Song dynasties. In his early years, he learned from Ouyang Xun , Yan Zhenqing , etc., and then traced back to the Two Wangs. His calligraphy not only enriched the new realm of Tang Kai , but also opened the precedent for the Song Dynasty's calligraphy. Yang Ningshi's "Lilac Flower Tie" in Wuxi Museum is made of hemp paper, 26 cm in length and 28 cm in width, a national first-class cultural relic. This post is a running script with a total of 7 lines and 63 characters. The content of the post is a letter, which tells the story of Yang Ning's nap being woken up from hunger. When a friend gave her leek flowers, the fresh and delicious, and the fat and tender lamb meat was simply a delicious food on earth, so she wrote a letter to express her gratitude.
The first chapter of this post is the eight characters running regular script of Emperor Qianlong: " Yang Shaoshi Wonderful writing of leek flower posts". The red square seal "Qianlong Imperial Brush" is stamped on the upper middle of the calligraphy, which is an old collection of the Qing Palace. There are inscriptions from various schools at the end of the post and seals with many sources, which have high historical value. The font of "Jiuhua Tie" is between running script and regular script. It has a sparse white space, elegant and free and easy texture, giving people a natural and natural feeling, and is deeply inspired by the style of " Wang Xizhi's " Lanting Collection Preface ". Yang Ningshi was disgusted with the world and vulgarity, and did not like to write letters. Therefore, his ink writing was rarely circulated. His famous post "Jiuhua Tie" has a particularly important position in the history of calligraphy and is known as the fifth line of calligraphy in the world. It is a classic work that inherited the Jin, Tang and Song and Yuan dynasties. Huang Tingjian and Dong Qichang have left praise for this post.
Sheng Shilan, deputy director of Wuxi Museum, introduced that there are three versions of the "Jiuhua Tie" that are currently known: one is the collection of the Qing Dynasty, that is, the post that is now collected in the Wuxi Museum; the other is the collection of Pei Boqian, that is, the version of Lanqianshan Pavilion in Taiwan; the other is the collection of Luo Zhenyu, that is, the version of it is missing now. So where does the volume collected in Wuxi Museum come from? It is understood that this volume was stolen from the palace by Puyi in the 1920s. When the Qing Dynasty was destroyed, Puyi abdicated and went to Northeast . Before leaving, he took away a large number of precious cultural relics from the Forbidden City, and Yang Ningshi's "Lilac Flower Tie" was included. This cultural relic was purchased and collected by Xue Mansheng, a native of Wuxi who is doing business in the Northeast, and was later brought back to Wuxi. In 1982, it was collected at Wuxi Museum (now Wuxi Museum). "This cultural relic has never been exhibited. At the end of September, the special exhibition for the 10th anniversary of the opening of the museum will be officially unveiled." Sheng Shilan said.
A mountain-shaped stone pen holder unearthed in Wuxi
A pen holder is also called a pen frame and pen holder. It has jade, porcelain, wood, stone, etc., which is a pen holder. Many people have seen or used it. It is used to shelve brush during the creative gap or take a break to prevent the brush from being worn or contaminated. There was a hollow stone pen holder during the Five Dynasties period in my country, and since then, the pen holder has rapidly developed into a must-have item for literati and doctors’ desks. Due to the different styles of pen holders, they are divided into pen mountain, pen bed, pen pillow and pen hanging. The Wuxi Museum has a Yuanshan-shaped stone pen holder, with an overall shape of a multi-peak mountain, which can also be called a Bishan. Its widest place is 21 cm, 3.6 cm thick, 8 cm high, and weighs 450 grams. It is a national second-class cultural relic. At the study exhibition held at the museum a few years ago, this mountain-shaped stone pen holder was very eye-catching because its appearance is really unique and does not look like a pen holder at first glance.
It is all voxel-black and has a texture of Chu stone. It looks simple but not without natural cleverness.The pen holder is a distant mountain shape. The middle of the mountains is high and the sides are gradually lower, with heights staggered, no less than dozens of hills. From the front, there are lush trees in the distant mountains, pavilions and towers are half-covered, and under the mountains are surging flowing water, and a boat is sailing out of the mountains. The back of the pen holder is carefully depicted with two floors of pavilions and lush trees, and the patterns of pavilions and railings and the textures of the trees are clearly visible. The smooth lines and clever layout layer the front and back, creating a spatial depth, creating the artistic conception of intertwining mountains and hidden in ancient temples in the deep mountains. The patterns on the front and back sides of the pen holder are perfectly integrated into one, echoing each other, like a vivid landscape painting.
It is worth noting that the edges of this pen holder are round and shiny, revealing the marks of long-term caress and use by the owner. Who is its owner? Where did this cultural relic come from? Sheng Shilan revealed that this pen holder was handed over by the Guangyi Commune at that time in 1978. At that time, the commune members discovered a tomb while working, but because it was not scientific excavation at that time, no date of a mountain-shaped stone pen holder was found. However, an inkstone unearthed from the same tomb had the characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty, so for conservative considerations, experts designated it as the Yuan Dynasty. However, from the perspective of the pattern of the pen holder, it may actually be between the late Song and early Yuan Dynasty. As for who its owner is, it is unknown. This pen holder not only has the practical function of holding the pen, but also has aesthetic functions. According to reports, this is inseparable from the aesthetic tastes of the literati in the Song Dynasty and the production of arts and crafts. By the Yuan Dynasty, the pen holder also advocated the mountain shape of the Song Dynasty. In addition, since the Song Dynasty, the unprecedented development of calligraphy and painting has also improved the aesthetic taste of pen holders.
(evening newspaper reporter Zhang Yue) (Photo provided by Wuxi Museum)
