Birthmark is an abnormal or excessive hyperplasia in the internal tissue of the skin, including blood vessels, pigment cells, sebaceous glands, epidermal hyperplasia, etc. Most of them will not affect health, but sometimes there may be social and psychological effects due to appearance. This article will take the father and mother to get to know 9 types of baby birthmarks and further answer questions about the baby's birthmarks.
Will the birthmark disappear?
The reason why birthmarks are formed is that most of the causes are still unknown, and some are caused by gene mutations, such as: congenital melanocyte maternal plaques. Most birthmarks will not disappear on their own, only strawberry moles, salmon spots, and Mongolian spots will disappear on their own, but they may also vary from person to person.
What are the types of baby birthmarks?
Red birthmark
Red birthmark is caused by abnormal vascular tissue, most of which are microvascular or small vascular hyperplasia; sometimes it is abnormal arteriovenous development, but it is rare.
Infant hemangioma (commonly known as strawberry mole)
According to statistics, the incidence of hemangioma in girls is higher than that of boys and is more likely to occur in premature babies, or there are higher rates of multiple babies and mothers older than 30 years old. However, it is not absolute. Some babies do not meet these conditions but still have hemangiomas. The previous baby has hemangioma, but the next baby may not have it, and it is difficult to detect even if you have a prenatal check-up during pregnancy.
Infant hemangioma is actually very common, with an incidence rate of about 4%, and it is possible to be distributed throughout the body. The hemangioma will bulge and will look quite obvious when you are born one month old. The fastest growth will be in the first 5 months, and 80% of patients will be fixed in size in about 5 months.
But parents don’t have to be frustrated. Infant hemangioma is a benign birthmark and most of them do not need to be actively treated. They will almost disappear on their own as they grow older. Most babies have hemangiomas that begin to gradually fade away at around 1 year old, and will disappear after more than 7 to 10 years old. However, sometimes some scars caused by vasodilation, skin atrophy or excess tissue can be left. You can consider using laser or surgery to remove scars.
However, some infants have a large area of hemangiomas, which can cause ulcer and painful symptoms. As the location of the hemangiomas are distributed, it may affect the growth and development of surrounding organs. In these cases, active treatment is recommended.
For example: a hemangioma grows near the eyes, which may affect vision; if it grows in the mouth, it will affect feeding and nutrient absorption; if it grows in the neck, it may compress the respiratory tract; near the anus, it will affect defecation or wounds that are prone to skin infection. All of these conditions need to be brought to the hospital for further treatment evaluation.
Doctors will give medication or other treatment care advice based on the condition of infants and young children. Since infant hemangioma accidentally bumps into external objects, parents should try to reduce the wound caused by collisions in their baby. Vaseline can be applied to protect them. Once bleeding occurs, pressurization should be applied to stop bleeding; if the bleeding cannot be stopped, then you will be sent to the hospital. As for daily cleaning and bathing, it is enough to be normal.
A few possibility of combining other structural abnormalities
0 million a hemangioma is too large. Consider whether there are other nervous system causing vascular lesions or other structural abnormalities. For example: abnormalities in the cardiac vascular system, eye lesions, etc.; if the hemangioma grows in the caudal vertebra, it is necessary to consider whether the development of the reproductive, urinary system, and spine is normal.
According to statistics, if the number of hemangiomas exceeds more than 5, it is necessary to doubt whether there is a possibility of hemangiomas being combined at the same time. If the doctor suspects other abnormalities, further imaging examinations may be conducted, such as ultrasound or magnetic vibration, to confirm the diagnosis, but most babies do not need it.
Salmon coloring
The incidence of salmon coloring ticks is very high, about 40%, which is the most common baby birthmark, and the cause is unknown. It can be seen at first birth, and it usually occurs on the forehead between the back neck or the middle of the eyebrows. Because salmon colored spots are caused by vasodilation, it will be more obvious when the baby is crying, or when the weather changes significantly, it will also look more obvious.Although the incidence is very high, parents don’t have to worry. Salmon stains will most likely disappear when the baby is weeks to months, and there is no need for medical treatment or any special care methods.
Wine color spots
Wine color spots are flat birthmarks and there will be no ulcers and bleeding. Parents only need to take care of themselves normally. The incidence rate is low, about 0.3%, and the cause is unknown. You can see it just by birth, but it will become more and more obvious as you get older, and it will not disappear on your own. It will be available throughout your life, and the distribution range may be throughout the body. Most
will not cause lesions, and will only affect the appearance. Only a few of them grow on the trigeminal nerve branch on the face, and you must be careful whether you suffer from Sterge. Wilber's disease may have glaucoma or other neurological lesions, and there may also be hemangiomas in the brain. Dermatologists will consult with ophthalmologists and pediatric neurologists.
Wine stains can be considered for dye laser treatment. Although dye lasers do not have age restrictions, they still cause pain. If local external anesthetic ointment is used before the operation, it may cause vasoconstriction and lead to poor treatment effect. It is not easy for children who are too young to cooperate with it. If general anesthesia is to be used, it is at least 1 year old, and general anesthesia has certain risks.
dye laser treatment courses vary from person to person, and the treatment interval should be at least 1 month. The effect of dye laser, the face and torso are better than the limbs. However, after stopping treatment, it is still possible to recur with growth.
Black birthmark
Black birthmark is caused by nevus cells, epidermal cells, or melanin hyperplasia. Director Pan Qiyue said that the birthmark is caused by excessive hyperplasia of skin tissue with normal differentiation. Whether it is red, black or other types, most of them are benign, and only a few are likely to have malignant changes. Birthmarks are all formed innately, but it is possible that the plaque pigment is not obvious at birth and may not appear immediately. Even if you have birthmarks, you still wash your hair and take a bath in a normal way.
Congenital melanocyte maternal plaque
Congenital melanocyte maternal plaque incidence is about 1%, the distribution location is not certain, and the number of plaques may be one or as many as dozens. It may not be seen at birth. It may only appear at 1 month to 2 years old (there were originally lesions, but melanin may appear later). The cause is unknown and will not disappear on its own.
Congenital melanocyte maternal plaque is a few birthmarks that may have malignant changes, but depends on size and quantity. If the maximum diameter of congenital melanocyte maternal plaques after adulthood is estimated to be greater than 20 cm, or the number of moles is too large, the possibility of malignant cancer is higher.
As for how to estimate whether it will exceed 20 cm after adulthood? A simple rough estimate is: the size of the birthmark of a baby before 1 year old, multiplied by 3 times, which is to estimate the possible size of the birthmark after adulthood.
In other words, if the maximum diameter of congenital melanocyte maternal plaques is 7 cm in a baby aged 1 years old, it may exceed 20 cm in a child as the body grows, and the probability of malignancy increases, so surgical removal should be performed as soon as possible; if congenital melanocyte maternal plaques are still small, you can observe again.
Congenital melanocyte mother spots may be accompanied by some skin symptoms. For example, if you are dry, you should pay attention to moisturizing, and if you are less local sweating, don’t be in a high temperature environment for a long time. If there is local itching or pain, it can be treated according to the symptoms. Deputy Director Jiang Yingyi said that if the black birthmark grows rapidly, it may be malignant; most red birthmarks will only grow slowly with age, but if the birthmarks have abnormal bleeding, wounds or rapid growth, they must seek medical attention.
If congenital melanocyte maternal spots grow in special positions, such as the head and neck, the midline of the back, and many sporadic signs of disease may affect the baby's physiological development, and it is also necessary to doubt whether the nerve structure is abnormal. For example, hydrocephalus, slow intellectual development, epilepsy, etc., you should go to the dermatology and pediatric neurology for examination. If you are worried about the possibility of melanoma, skin sections must be performed.
Mongolian spots
Mongolian spots are commonly found in Asians and other dark-skinned species (for example: Spanish, African, etc.), and are mostly distributed near the tailbone and will most likely disappear on their own as they grow older. Director Pan Qiyue added that the Mongolian spots are located in the lower half of the dermis, and the lesion is deep. Gray-blue patches can be seen when the baby is born, which has nothing to do with family history. No treatment is required, most people will disappear by themselves before the age of 3 or 4, and only a very small number will exist for life. Even if the plaques are large, there is no possibility of malignant changes, so there is no need to worry.
Ota mother spot
Ota mother spot is a benign birthmark and often occurs around the eyes, including the forehead, temples and cheekbones. Most of them only occur on one side, and may also be on both sides. Director Pan Qiyue explained that it is usually visible when you are born, and a few only appear before the age of 1 or even during puberty.
incidence is more than that of a boy, with a ratio of 5:1. Oda mother spots can affect the eyeballs, often causing the whites on one side to appear blue, and the oral mucosa may also appear unilateral blue. Oda Madara will gradually expand as she grows older and will not disappear. If you are worried about beauty, since the lesions of Ota's mother spots are located in the upper half of the dermis and the lesions are shallow, laser treatment can be considered when the baby grows up.
coffee milk spots
coffee milk spots incidence is about 10% to 20%, which is a very common birthmark. It may be a single birthmark or multiple birthmarks. When this plaque is born, it is found that the number of multiple plaques may gradually increase. There is no specific distribution location, and it is possible for the whole body. It doesn't necessarily disappear with age. Coffee milk spots are benign birthmarks and do not need to be treated.
If you are worried about affecting the appearance, you can consider laser removal after junior high school. Special reminder: If the baby's coffee and milk spots are greater than or equal to more than 6 pieces, each piece is greater than or equal to 0.5 cm, multiple neurofibromas may be combined, which may cause abnormalities in the development of the nervous system, eyes or other bones. You should seek medical examination as soon as possible.
Other birthmarks
In addition to the commonly heard red and black birthmarks, there are actually other types of birthmarks:
sebaceous gland mother plaque
sebaceous gland mother plaque is yellow plaque, which is caused by excessive sebaceous gland hyperplasia, which is more common on the scalp, which will cause local baldness in the plaque area and will not disappear on its own. During adolescence, it will show wart-like thickening and bulging, with an incidence rate of about 0.3%.
The sebaceous mother plaque may produce continuous skin tumors, especially after puberty, such as skin basal cell carcinoma. It is recommended to undergo surgical resection after puberty (because the location is too deep and the laser cannot be removed, surgical treatment is recommended).
As we grow older, the sebaceous gland mother plaque may gradually grow larger, and may also produce other benign tumors, such as sweat adenoma, sweat mandoma, etc. In a few cases, malignant lesions such as basal cell carcinoma will be combined. It is recommended to surgically remove the sebaceous gland mother plaque.
Epidermal Maternal Spot
Epidermal Maternal Spot plaque is about 0.1% to 0.2%, due to abnormal epidermal cells. Most are brown and may occur in any part and will not disappear. The probability of malignant lesions is very low, which will only affect the appearance. However, if the distribution area of epidermal female plaque is large, it is recommended to suspect that there may be problems such as epilepsy or intelligence abnormalities.
Why are some birthmarks related to nervous system abnormalities?
Because the human skin and nervous system are both developed from the ectoderm during the embryonic period, birthmarks are often closely related to neural tissue. Once there is excessive abnormality, it should be suspected whether it means an abnormal nervous tissue. The doctor will consider whether to arrange further examinations for the baby depending on the situation.
However, birthmarks are mostly benign, with only a few exceptions, so parents don’t have to worry too much. As for whether the brother and sister have birthmarks, it may not necessarily be related to whether the younger brother and sister have birthmarks. Will the birthmark that has disappeared appear again?
The birthmark removed by laser may recur whether it is wine stains or Oda mother spots.
Vascular birthmarks are difficult to remove with lasers, and are related to the area and depth of vascular hyperplasia, so multiple lasers are required; and because wine stains are flat-scale birthmarks, they are not suitable for surgery to remove, and the appearance will be unsatisfactory. To remove birthmarks, surgery or lasers are required. We must judge based on the depth of the lesion, whether there is a possibility of lesions, and the shape of the birthmark is flat or bulge. It is recommended that a professional doctor still need to evaluate it.
Laser treatment mostly uses local anesthetic ointment. Babies who are too young may still feel pain because the treatment area is too large, or they may feel afraid of using eye masks to protect their eyes during laser treatment and cannot cooperate with the treatment. It is best to wait until they are older or have sufficient discussion with the doctor before receiving laser treatment.
Doesn’t birthmark hurt at all?
A few infants have hemangiomas that are prone to ulcers, and the baby may cry due to pain. You can use medication as directed by the doctor. However, most birthmarks do not cause pain, as parents only need to take care of themselves normally.
