Written by: Zhou Sheng
Lu Peifen and Hua Xuelan, who served as examiners, learned in the Dibao that this was the last provincial examination for eight-legged essays in Guizhou. Starting from the second year, it was changed to policy theory. Four years later, with the last Enke Provincial Examination held in the 29th year of the Guangxu period (1903) and the last Jinshi exam held in the 31st year (1905), stopped the imperial examination from the 32nd year (1906), and all township examinations were stopped. The annual examinations of each province were also stopped. The imperial examinations that had lasted for more than 1,300 years finally died. In this way, the juren selected by Hua Xuelan and Lu Peifen became the last batch of juren in Guizhou who took the eight-legged essay exam.
This provincial examination was held in Gengzi and Xinchou, so the quota was doubled, and a total of 100 people were selected for the juren list. Among them, there are 38 people in Guiyang Prefecture, 13 people in Zunyi Prefecture, 12 people in Anshun Prefecture, 10 people in Sinan Prefecture, 9 people in Duyun Prefecture, 5 people in Dading Prefecture, 3 people in Zhenyuan Prefecture, 2 people in Sizhou Prefecture, 2 people in Pingyue Prefecture, 2 people in Pu'an District, 1 people in Liping Prefecture, 1 people in Xingyi Prefecture, 1 people in Shiqian Prefecture, and 1 people in Songtao Prefecture. The first place is Yu Yuanfen of Jie Yuan, Zunyi County student, Xie Yuze, and Liao Fulin. There is a man named Liu Chunpei. This time it was his tenth time to take the exam and finally caught the last bus. The juren who passed the exam in
is naturally the disciples of the chief examiners Lu Peifen and Hua Xuelan, and they all came to the tribute school to meet the attendant. The candidates of the same imperial examination collectively call the main and deputy examiners "seat teachers", the examiners "family teachers", and the rest of the examiners are "responsible teachers". When paying a visit, you should seal a red envelope and respect him. We also need to give the examiner's entourage "Men Sheng" and the tea chef.
Among the juren this time, there are three pairs of brothers: Pingba Chen Tingce and Chen Tingfen, Guiyang Wang Huaiyi and Wang Zongyi, as well as Cai Xian and Cai Jin brothers.
Chen Tingce , name is Yousu. In the 31st year (1905), he was selected by Guizhou Governor Lin Shaonian to study in Japan. In 1910, he went to Beijing to participate in the Qing court examination, passed the Secretariat, and worked in Beijing. In the early days of the Republic of China, Chen Tingce was elected as a member of Congress three times. In 1914, he became the Director of Yunnan Civil Affairs. Director of the Government Affairs Department of the Yunnan Governor's Government General Headquarters of the First Army of the National Guardian Army. In 1922, he served as the Director of the Guizhou Finance Department and the Manager of Guizhou Bank. His younger brother Chen Tingfen (1874-1939), whose courtesy name is Zhisu, also known as Zhisu and Zhisu. Founded Shimin Academy. He served as editor-in-chief and editor of Guizhou Publication, Business Daily and Guizhou Publication. After the establishment of the Guizhou Military Government in 1911, Chen Tingfen served as the Secretary-General of the Privy Council. President of Guizhou Constitutional Preparatory Association, Zhenyuan Daoyin, Procurator General of Guizhou Higher Procuratorate, and Senator of the Provincial Senate.
Wang Huaiyi, that is, Wang Yanzhi, whose pseudonym is Zhongsu, and his courtesy name is Muruo. The first famous scholar in modern my country to absorb foreign logic research results and write logic textbooks. In 1904, he went to Japan to study and entered the Law Department of Japan Law and Political University and studied theory of science. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as the Daoyin of Mengzi, Yunnan, and later returned to Qian to serve as the county magistrate of Rongjiang, Duyun and Qianxi counties and the secretary-general of the Guizhou Provincial Government. His book "General Applied Theory" has made an indelible contribution to promoting the development of logic in our country. His younger brother Wang Zongyi , whose courtesy name is Heshu. During the Republic of China, he served as the principal of Guizhou Provincial Model Higher Primary School and Guiyang County Middle School. He also taught part-time students in various middle schools in the provincial capital. He is a well-known teacher in Guiyang and has edited 7 types of primary and secondary school textbooks and 11 volumes. Hua Xuelan made a special record: "Wang Huaiyi and his younger brothers grew up." In fact, Wang Huaiyi had eleven brothers and sisters. Among the Wang family, there are also Wang Jingyi (vegetable farmer), Wang Peifen (Baoyi), Wang Ehua and others who are well-versed in their knowledgeable scholars and famous calligraphers. As Wang Huaiyi and his disciple Mr. Chen Heng'an said in the poem: "The road of the penis is 90,000 miles, and they are willing to offer thirteen suggestions. The master's style is prosperous, and the Shu family can also have a complete martial arts strategy."
Wang Huaiyi (Yanzhi)
Among the last batch of juren in Guizhou, there are many celebrities in the modern history of Guizhou . In addition to the brothers Chen Tingce and Chen Tingfen mentioned above, such as Yu Dekun (1874-1912), who later studied in Japan. In the 31st year (1905 AD), he joined the Tongmenghui with Ping Gang and served as a member of the congress. On the eve of the Xinhai Revolution, he returned to the northeast to go through revolutionary activities. When the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established, he served as a consultant of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, a director of the Kuomintang headquarters, and a special commissioner of the Guizhou branch in Beijing, and was responsible for organizing the Guizhou Kuomintang Provincial Party Committee. In September 1912, the Kuomintang headquarters sent Yu Dekun and Hu Deyou to Guizhou to organize branches from Beijing. When they arrived in Tianxingping, in eastern Guizhou on October 10, they were killed by subordinates sent by Liu Xianshi from Guizhou.
also like Xingduan (1883 — 1959) and his name is Zheren. His pen name is Xinting Historical History. He is from Guiyang, Guizhou. He was a Jinshi in Jiachen in 1904. He graduated from Osaka Higher Industrial Preparatory School in Japan and Tokyo Hoshi University. He has served as a reviewer of the Hanlin Academy, General Office of the Fengtian Eight Banners Factory, Supervisor of Tianjin Industrial School, Assistant of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of Beiyang Government, Director of the Library, Technical Supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Director of the Mining Administration, Director of the Industry and Commerce Department, Member of the Ordinary Civil Affairs Commission, Representative of the Aftermath Meeting, and General Office of the Jingxing Mining Bureau. In July 1951, he was appointed as a librarian at the Central Academy of Literature and History Research.
xingduan
and Zhang Shaoluan , from Qingzhen. After the Revolution of 1911, Guizhou served as a permanent member of the Guizhou Advisory Bureau. Representatives of the Guizhou Congress Petitioning Comrades Association. As a representative of Tang Jiyao, he held a mediation meeting with Li Yuanhongfang, Tan Tingkaifang, Hunan, and Guizhou military in Hongjiang. Xiongchaobin, whose courtesy name is Weiquan, is from Qianxi, Guizhou, and is a Jinshi of Guimao, with a 34th place in the third grade. He was appointed as the chief of the Shaanxi Department of the Ministry of Justice and was promoted to the magistrate of Tianquan, Sichuan. In the early years of the Republic of China, he served as the chief of the Department of Finance and the secretary of the provincial government. Later, he taught in Guishan Academy. Participate in the compilation of Guizhou Tongzhi. Yuping Zheng Jiafu later studied in Japan and was said to have made efforts in Guizhou's response to the Revolution of 1911.
There are also the backbone forces of the Guizhou education industry later, such as the aforementioned brothers Wang Huaiyi and Wang Zongyi. For example, Zhou Gongshou (1876-1950), whose courtesy name is Mingjiu, is from Jingyang Township, Majiang County. He has studied in Japan. He has served as the head of Zunyi County, the head of the Guiyang Guanli Higher Primary School, the vice president of the Guizhou Education Federation, the member of the Guizhou Provincial Government, the director of the Provincial Relief Association, the director of the Guizhou Education Department, the president of the Provincial Guizhou University, and the representative of the National Congress.
Another example is Xu Tianxu . He was the head of Xingyi Higher Primary School. In 1905, he led 13 students including Wang Wenhua and Wei Zhengkai to Guiyang to apply for Guizhou Provincial Public Middle School. The examination results were admitted with the top 13 in order of winning the order, making him famous in Guizhou academic circles. Participated in the establishment of Shimin Academy, Tongzhou Public Middle School, and Law and Political School. Road Chaoluan (1880-1954), alias Jinbo, Bijieren. In 1913, he served as secretary of the Ministry of Education in Beijing, and later taught at Tongze Middle School in Fengtian (Shenyang). During the Anti-Japanese War, he taught at Sichuan University, and served as deputy editor-in-chief of the Sichuan Tongzhi Museum, and later as professor at Northeastern University. In 1953, he was one of the 36 earliest librarians of the Shanghai Museum of Literature and History. Zhang Taiyong , also known as Zhang Yulin, is from Majiang. He was once appointed as the governor of Zhili Prefecture. At the beginning of the Republic of China, he served as the governor of Qingping County (now Kaili City), as the deputy director of the Civil Affairs Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and as the governor of Xiajin County, Shandong Province. He returned to his hometown to serve as the principal of Heli Middle School in ten counties including Duyun, Dushan, and Libo. It runs its own adult youth private school, called "Zhiyuan School". Li Qiyi, whose courtesy name is Mengling, is from Guiyang. He graduated from a Japanese rapid normal school and teaches Guizhou Provincial Women's Normal School. Qian Yuan, No. 0. Xiaolu, later graduated from the Normal School of Peking University, and taught at Guizhou Provincial Legislative Affairs College with Wang Zongyi and He Zengrong. After presiding over the annual examination, the examiner generally includes the disciples' respect, local public pay, and the officials' salaries, and the officials' income will be paid at least thousands of taels of silver.He Degang said in "The Book of Spring Dreams": "The main examination can get thousands of gold, which is the most painful as Guangxi, with only nine hundred gold. If you get the exam, you will rely on your respect for your disciples. Your grandparents will transfer their wealth and poverty. The majority will be only three hundred gold, which will also make you feel better." The examiner can benefit from some of the highlights. The next year, in the 28th year of the Guangxu period (1902), Lu Baozhong, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War, went to Kaifeng as a scholar-official master, with a total income of 4,798 taels. Of course, this is related to Lu Baozhong's own identity. Zeng Guofan also earned 4,751 taels of money in Sichuan when he was the chief examiner. "Poor Hanlin" Hua Xuelan came to poor places like Guizhou, so it was impossible to have income like Lu Baozhong and Zeng Guofan. However, after the provincial examination, in addition to the travel expenses required for the return trip, Hua Xuelan also remitted 2,800 taels of silver from his home, and the examiner Lu Peifen remitted 3,000 taels of silver. So this exam is worth it. However, compared with the officials in Guizhou who are responsible for receiving and handling supply, it is far behind. The official who handled the supply "remitted 6,000 yuan to return to his hometown, but claimed that he would pay thousands of yuan." He even "teared away several pages of the account book to destroy the records" and "he blamed him all over the country", and even had to make up for the magistrate's actual shortage. The bad habits in the late Qing Dynasty can be seen.
The chief examiner Lu Peifen later served as the chief officer of the Economic Special Section of Beijing, as well as the National History Museum, Wuying Palace and Daily Journalism, as well as the editorial department, the editorial department of the Meritorious Officials, the Wenyuan Pavilion proofreader, the staff of the Yongding River in Zhili, and the second-rank attendant. Hua Xuelan was appointed as the examiner of the imperial examination the following year, and later promoted the academic affairs of the Jinshi Pavilion. In the 32nd year (1906), he was promoted and died of illness without taking office.
The main and deputy examiners of the Qing Dynasty in film and television works
