The hateful RSV comes every year.
It’s winter again, and it’s time for children to have fever, cough, wheezing, and pediatricians can’t have lunch.
At present, the culprit of the above situation is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) .
According to the current examination in our clinic, among the 10 children with fever, cough and wheezing (note that one of the above symptoms is enough, not all of them must be included), 7 are respiratory syncytial virus. The influenza virus that deters all the heroes has not arrived yet, and this virus is very rampant.
In addition, as the weather gets colder, according to last year's performance, the incidence of this virus is estimated to be higher and higher.
Haha, are you a little confused? Don't know what virus this is? Actually, I talked about this virus last year, and I will review it for you this year.
This article specifically includes how to prevent this virus, how to treat it after being unfortunately infected, how to make the child feel more comfortable, and how to avoid transmission to others.
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1. What is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
2. Why is this virus so awesome, but not famous?
3. Why does it explode every year?
4. What are the symptoms after infection?
5. Is it highly contagious?
6. How to diagnose RSV infection?
7. Is the antiviral drug ribavirin effective?
8.How to treat it correctly?
9. How to prevent RSV infection?
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a member of the genus Pneumonia virus. Because it is related to respiratory infection and can fuse infected cells, it is called respiratory syncytial virus.
respiratory syncytial virus causes a lot of damage.
worldwide, about 64 million children are infected with respiratory syncytial virus every year, which is the most common pathogen of wheezing respiratory infection in children under 5 years old; about 22% of infants and young children's lower respiratory tract infections (i.e. pneumonia, bronchiolitis, etc.) are caused by respiratory syncytial virus; the incidence rate in my country is similar.
The US CDC even reminds that basically all children will have it before the age of 2.
may be related to the insufficient detection level before, and treats respiratory syncytial virus infection as other bacterial or viral colds or pneumonia.
Because this is a self-limiting disease, the child's condition recovered a few days later. He thought it was a treatment, so he didn't think about it.
respiratory syncytial virus is outbreaking every year.
In the northern region, November to April is the epidemic time of respiratory syncytial virus outbreak, and January and February are the peak periods; for the southern region, the virus is infected all year round, and the incidence rate will be higher in summer, which may be related to the excessive rainfall in summer. During the epidemic period, you should pay attention to prevention.
■ Why does respiratory syncytial virus become epidemic every year? Because:
1 viruses have two subtypes A and B, and each subtype is divided into different virus strains according to the genotype. Most of the two subtypes are prevalent at the same time every year, and the dominant virus strains are constantly rotated every year, which makes it difficult to prevent.
2 has not yet developed a vaccine, and it cannot form a large-scale immune prevention.
3 Children have weak defense and cannot resist it, and are prone to infection, and may be infected after one infection.
4. What are the symptoms after infection?
Children are infected with respiratory syncytial virus, and their symptoms are diverse, as follows:
1 and Because the virus enters the body from the nasal cavity, the symptoms of these parts first appear, and the main manifestation is runny nose;
2 and viruses continue to go downward, which will stimulate the throat and cause coughing symptoms in about 1-3 days;
3 and cough, the immune system reacts and begins to develop fever, with the purpose of reducing virus replication;
4 and viruses go down quickly, damaging the bronchiolites and alveoli, resulting in shortness of breath and wheezing.
has the above symptoms, so it is recommended that the doctor evaluate it.
For small babies, it has weak immunity, and infection can easily affect the lungs, leading to symptoms of wheezing and fever; but for older children, it is somewhat stronger than the baby, and the infection is more frequent, and the body will have some resistance. Most of them only have symptoms of coughing and fever, and there is no sign of wheezing.
Most of the time, children are infected once in an epidemic season, but some unfortunate babies do get infected twice.
This is because although antibodies can be produced after infection, the antibodies between the two subtypes lack cross-protectiveness, and the child is infected with different types of viruses. Also, even if antibodies are produced, they cannot produce complete protective effects and may be infected with the same type of virus again.
5. Is it highly contagious?
has RSV, one contagious and it is quite infectious.
virus is transmitted through droplets and contact. If you sneeze and blew on other children, kissing other children; if you bite or touched toys, you will be bitten and played with by other children; if you bite your hands and touch other children, you will pass the virus to others. So, don't do this after infection.
After children are infected with the virus, they become contagious. The detoxification period is about 1 week, but for babies, the detoxification period may be as long as 1 month.
6. How to diagnose RSV infection?
Can the child be diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus infection if he has symptoms of fever, cough or asthma?
is of course not enough. Influenza virus, adenovirus , rhinovirus , parainfluenza virus and some bacteria can all cause these symptoms. If you want to have a clear diagnosis, you can test the child's nose. If a viral antigen is found inside, it can be confirmed by combining the baby's performance. The examination method of
is also very simple. Use a nasal swab (it looks like a slender cotton swab) to dip it in the child's nasal cavity for a few times (it will feel a little uncomfortable). The results will be released about 30 minutes after the examination, which is convenient and effective.
In addition, in addition to detecting respiratory syncytial virus, one specimen can also be used to detect four common respiratory infectious agents: influenza virus (A+B), adenovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This not only allows differential diagnosis, but also reduces the number of times the baby takes the nose, making it easier for the baby to accept it.
7. Is the antiviral drug ribavirin effective?
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The baby's symptoms are obvious, and they are coughing, fever, and wheezing while breathing. It is very uncomfortable. The examination also shows that it is respiratory syncytial virus. So doctor quickly treat us! Use antiviral drugs to kill this virus, such as ribavirin, which is said to be very effective.
When you make this "reasonable" requirement, the doctor's correct reaction is not to use it. The reason why
is recommended is because it has not yet been proven that this drug is effective and has side effects. In addition, this virus infection is a self-limiting disease. The disease is that the virus will be removed without treatment, so there is no need to use antiviral drugs.
So, unless the child is already immune-deficient and suffers from very serious respiratory syncytial virus infection this time, and no antiviral drugs are needed if he needs to use a ventilator or other treatment. For these children, the virus cannot be removed by itself. There is no other way, so he can only try it.
8. How to treat it correctly?
. Will the child have fever, cough, and wheezing, and he will not care about it? Of course not, we must do some treatment to make the child feel more comfortable.
1 If you have fever, you can use antipyretic drugs. The specific methods of are as follows: If the baby's body temperature is greater than 39 degrees Celsius; or it is not so high, but the child is uncomfortable, you can use antipyretics. When using medicine, pay attention to the interval and dosage of medication, and do not use the overdose.
In addition, it is not recommended for physical cooling methods now. During the period when the child's body temperature rises, when his hands and feet are cold, physical cooling must not be used. Because the child feels cold at this time, physical cooling will make the child very uncomfortable, and even if the body temperature drops a little, it will still rise after a while, and there is no effect.
If you really want to do something, it is to wait until the child starts to sweat and take a warm bath. This will make the child feel comfortable.
2 Children cough and wheeze, which is very uncomfortable. You can give the child some atomization and relief. Although may not shorten the course of the disease, it will make the child very comfortable.
Don’t read foreign guides here that it cannot be used. Treatment that can make children comfortable and parents feel at ease is good treatment. Any guide has limitations. Now it is correct and may be rejected in a few years.
is more professional, and I am afraid that parents will use it incorrectly, so I will not expand it. After visiting the doctor, I will just ask the doctor to treat it.
If the doctor thinks that the child can be treated at home, then do the above two points and wait for the course of the disease to calmly wait for the end. Don't be too anxious. Most respiratory syncytial virus infections will end within 1 to 2 weeks after the disease occurs. As long as the child's breathing and fever gradually improves after treatment, he can continue to deal with it at home.
9. How to prevent RSV infection?
Children and the elderly are most likely to be infected with respiratory syncytial virus. How can we prevent it during the epidemic season and avoid infection?
Do the following:
1 For young babies, at least breastfeeding to 6 months old, it is better to feed until 1 year old, and it is also recommended to feed until 2 years old. Because IgA in breast milk has a protective effect on children and can reduce the occurrence of respiratory diseases.
2 Family members Do not smoke . Some studies have found that children with parents smoking or smokers in their families have hospitalization rates of 2.53 times that of non-smoking.
Everyone should pay attention to not only that you cannot smoke in front of your children, but you cannot smoke even if your children are not at home. Because smoke deposits on the sofa and bed, it can still continue to have an impact on children and last for many years.
3 Do not kiss children, do not sneeze at the children, cover it with a tissue or elbow when sneezing.
4 Do a good job of hand hygiene : 7-step hand washing method, wash your hands with soapy water for 20 seconds each time, wash away the pathogens you touch on your hands, and learn 7-step hand washing method.
5 Don’t take your children to crowded places to play in winter . Who knows if anyone is sick inside?
6 It is recommended to open windows and ventilate 2 times a day, each time for 15 to 30 minutes to reduce the amount of indoor viruses. Of course, the time of haze should not be passed.
In addition, the indoor humidity is recommended to be 50~60%. This humidity can subside all the virus on the ground and reduce the inhalation of children.
7 0 I'm sick, don't go out to infect other children.
is good. The above are the precautions for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Everyone should take precautions to ensure that the babies are healthy and have a smile every day. Share more
P.S. to help more cute babies!
References:
[1].Respiratory syncytial virus infection: clinical features and diagnosis.UPTODATE.2018.
[2].Respiratory syncytial virus infection: Treatment.UPTODATE.2018.
[3].Respiratory syncytial virus infection: Prevention.UPTODATE.2018.
[4].Zhu Futang Practical Pediatrics. Eighth Edition.
