Qi Baiwan, I should be called my second uncle and grandfather. I was very rich and powerful in Jinzhou back then. When I went out, I rode a four-wheeled carriage and later changed to a little boy carriage. The Qi family has more than 100 houses in Yinge Lao Hutong (now the Fourth Middle School Hutong) on Chengbei Street, Jinzhou. My grandmother often takes my mother (Yang Dapianer) to visit her. Now, when it comes to talking about it, it seems that Grandma Liu takes Baner to the Grand View Garden. Every time I go, I don’t come back empty-handed, I have food and clothing. When I was a child, I wore silk clothes. Other children were all coarse cloth clothes, and my clothes looked so out of place.
Qi Baiwan operated three money shops back then. In the early years of the Republic of China, there were more than 100 money shops in Jinzhou, which was the most powerful industry in Jinzhou. At that time, Jinzhou money houses were divided into three categories: first-class money houses were about 46 or 7, with Daqing Yu and Dadehao as the most. They were all opened by Changjia in Shanxi, and some were opened by this city, such as Huifenghou, which was opened by Lin Xianzhou. They can manipulate the city's money code, stipulate the interest rate on loans, control the silver market, resell gold and silver, and obtain foreign customer commissions; second-class money shops only handle storage business; third-class money shops do small speculative transactions, and run trains to refute gold and silver. There are about fifty-eight or nine second-class money houses.
Qi Baiwan was operating in the past two grain stacks. Grain stack is the second-ranked industry in Jinzhou. At that time, there were twenty or thirty grain stores in Jinzhou. Every year, a large amount of grain was transported from Pingquan, Jianchang, Chaoyang , Chifeng , Tongliao and other places, and then transported from Xihaikou to various places within the pass. There is a saying that "the three unbeaten towers (Chaoyang) are unsatisfied Jinzhou City". The grain market is based on circumference (120 stones are used as stockpiles), and the city accumulates about 300,000 to 400,000 stones each year. Many grain stores manipulate the grain lifeline of Jinzhou, and the daily grain market situation must be determined by them. When there are too many grain trucks on the market, they lower the price. Especially after autumn, they buy at a low price and hoard them. When the next year, they are not allowed to sell at a high price. Or use speculative means to collude with foreign grain merchants to squeeze the working people. After 1916 (, 5th year of the Republic of China), with the development of railway industry and the gradual decline of sea transportation, Jinzhou Grain Stack gradually lost its role as a transfer station and declined. There are about 10 grain store companies, and the business of grain car shops is still good, with six or seven.
Qi Baiwan ran a pot pot back then. In the Qing Dynasty, the boiling pot must be opened with a "dragon ticket" (a license issued by the royal family). The purpose is to control the use of food for fear of famine. Therefore, boiling pots requires not only money, but also power, so as to bribe the government and obtain "dragon tickets". After the 30th year of the Guangxu period (1904), there were three families in Taoyuan Hao family opened in the original Shaoguo Dakeng site, Xingjilong, and Fuquanhui. In the early years of the Republic of China, "Baozengquan" and "Fuhouquan" were added. The biggest boiling pot is the "Tongsheng Jin" opened by Li Zhijing in "Yilongquan". By 1931, there were 5 companies before . Each company has a capital of between 30,000 and 40,000 yuan (30,000 40,000 jin of wine per year), and the annual output is about 500,000 jin. Most of them are sold to Yujiatun, Gaoqiao, Hongluoxian, Lianshan, Dalinghe , Shishan Station, Xihaikou, Tianzhuangtai, etc. When it is favorable, it will also be sold to Yantai , Qingdao and other places. After the 5th and 6th year of the Republic of China, Tiantai was added to the family.
The license of Tongshengjin roasting pot in the Qing Dynasty
Qi Baiwan operated five pawn shops that year. The pawnshop uses private stickers (also called "private bills", which are banknotes issued by private business names in the old society, such as chambers of commerce, money shops, pawn shops, houses, grain stacks, etc. The denominations are one yuan, five cents, two cents, octagons, and flat corners. The main business is that it is the owner and the guest. You can basically not need to pay for private posts, and you can also deposit private posts into the bank to get interest. Each pawn shop puts shelves on the shelves in one year and has about 3 million hulls, as many as one million hulls, and at least 600,000 hulls. Interest rate of 2 points or 2 points 5%, if you don’t get a one-and-a-half-year or a half, you will be a “death number”. More than 10 companies have published private posts, including "Baoxingdang" and "Defengdang". The specialty of collecting posts include the "Fuyuhe" post shop opened in North Street by Liu Da's post (Liu Shichang) and Liu Er post (Liu Chichang).
I heard that the pawnshop in Heishan Xinlitun is also owned by the old family.
Qi Baiwan had such a great influence in the Jinzhou business world back then, and he heard from my grandma that he had a close relationship with the No. 1 warlords in Jinzhou, , Fengtian warlords, characters, . Zhang Zuoxiang (1881-1949) was named Fuchen and was from Jinxian County. During the Republic of China, he served as the commander of the artillery regiment of the 27th Division of the Fengtian Army, the chief of the General Staff and the commander of the Guard Brigade, the commander of the 27th Division, the governor of Jilin, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast Border Defense stationed in Jilin and the chairman of Jilin Province. He operates "Fuhouchang Money House, "Fuhouquan" pot and pawn shop "Fudeshang" and other transactions with the characters "Fudeshang".
Zhang Zuoxiang has many real estate and transactions in Jinzhou. The construction of Jinzhou Beidaying was advocated by Zhang Zuoxiang.
Beijingying is located in Jinjiatun, Yingpan Township, Taihe District, and covers an area of about 17 ounces (Northeast region) 1 mug is generally 1 hectare). It was originally a farmer's vegetable orchard or field in Jinjiatun. It has a flat terrain and excellent soil quality. The place is similar to a square. It is Jinjiatun in the north, beside the Gangpo in the west, the river water in the east, and the Shenshan Road in the south. It can be said that there are mountains and waters, which can be attacked and defended when advancing. Although the area is not large, the transportation is extremely convenient. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty (the Qing Dynasty ruled in Jinzhou for 269, that is, from 1642 to 1911 AD), under the rule of the warlord Zhang Zuolin in order to gain self-respect and be full. The Beida camp was established in Jinzhou to train the army and improve the combat effectiveness of the troops.
) in the autumn of the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922), the first Zhifeng War ended, and the Fengtian army failed and suffered heavy losses. In this war, most of the Fengtian army lacked training, did not understand tactics, and only relied on the Green Forest, so it quickly collapsed in less than a week. However, during the collapse, the new army graduated from the military academy But the person performed well, "beaten but not defeated." When others commanded the troops to retreat, they still had to rely on the new faction to cut off the rear. These scenes gave Zhang Zuolin a great inspiration and lesson, which made him realize the importance of strengthening military training. After Zhang Zuolin returned to Fengtian, on the one hand, he played the Northeast Autonomy trick politically; on the other hand, he promoted the new faction in military Jiang Deng selected , Han Linchun to establish the military training organization "English Army Organization Office of the Three East Provinces" , establish the "Army Northeast Military Academy ", Guo Songling is the instructor. At the same time, it is built a navy in Huludao , and the air force is started.
Bei Daying is also called Dongdaying because its location is in the northeast of Jinzhou. It turns out that Zhang Zuolin planned to establish a Daying in Xinmin County near Shenyang, but later because Zhang Zuoxiang believed that Jinzhou's geographical location is important and it is beneficial to build a Daying. It is a goal to build it in Jinzhou. At that time, there were more than 2,000 houses in the Daying Courtyard, which were very particular. The materials were high-quality pine wood, carved stone, and blue bricks. In front of it was a corridor with a corridor. There were soldiers' barracks, officer dormitories, lecture halls, military training playgrounds, shooting ranges, climbing and crossing fields, etc. Here, soldiers who came to train were trained in the form of lectures; "elite military ideology" was implemented, and the subjects studied by each unit were subject to examination methods to promote officers, and the previous reliance was abolished. Relationship recommendation system; distribute military magazines, lecture notes and basic knowledge textbooks for officers and soldiers; resolutely not to eat short salary, and immediately punish them if found; soldiers who smoke opium should be punished; all soldiers who are over 17 years old or under 40 years old are unknown, and those who are insured must be eliminated; the command knife and uniform of officers at all levels below the battalion commander were abolished, and officers should wear ranks, attend classes regularly every day, and practice combat military subjects.
Jinzhou Zhang Zuoxiang Guandi (Xiaolingzi Airport)
Because of Qi Baiwan and Zhang Zuoxiang, my uncle served as a soldier in Beidaying. After the September 18th Incident, on October 8, 1931, Beidaying where the 28th Division of the Northeast Frontier Defense Force was located was bombed by the Japanese army. On January 3, 1932, Jinzhou was occupied by the Japanese army, and Beidaying was also captured. My uncle ran home and worked as a soldier for more than a year. (To be continued)
