has developed a world-renowned black technology. Poland How developed is the economy?
Poland is a democratic republican country located in Central and Eastern Europe, consisting of 16 provinces. It is connected to Ukraine and Belarus in the east, to the northeast, to Kaliningrad Oblast, an enclave of Lithuania and Russia, to the west, to Germany, to the south, to the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and to the north, to the Baltic Sea.
1989 implemented the presidential and parliamentary system, and was renamed the Republic of Poland in the same year, and later joined the EU and NATO. In recent years, Poland's status in both the EU and the international stage has been increasing day by day.
Poland has a land area of 312,685 square kilometers and a population of 37.97 million. 95% of Poland's population is Catholic, of which 75% still faithfully abide by the traditional Catholic customs
The total economic output of Poland is equivalent to two Suzhou
According to IMF data, in 2019, Poland's GDP total economic output was 593.29 billion US dollars, equivalent to about 4 trillion RMB (1 US dollar = 6.7592 RMB), which is more than the total economic output of the two Suzhous.
Poland's per capita GDP was US$15,659 (IMF), which still does not meet the threshold of US$20,000 in developed countries, but it is about 1.5 times our per capita economic output. is only about 33% of that of Germany, a developed European country, and about 51% of Spain.
Compared with the per capita GDP in Europe, compared with the major developed countries in the West: such as Germany, the United Kingdom, and France, the per capita GDP reaches more than US$40,000, and there are also some smaller developed countries with higher per capita GDP, such as Finland , Norway, Denmark, Iceland , Luxembourg , Switzerland , Sweden , Netherlands , Belgium , Ireland and other countries. It can be seen that Poland and developed countries have a big gap.
What income level is Poland in Europe?
What is the income level of Poles ? This is what everyone cares about the most.
Poland's Ministry of Labor and Social Policy has previously passed a regulation on the minimum wage in 2020, which stipulates that the minimum wage will be raised to 2,600 zloty (about 4,663 yuan) and the hourly wage will be raised to 17 zloty.
. The previous minimum wage standard in Poland was 2250 zloty (1 zloty is about 1.7938 RMB), and the average wage is about 5000 zloty/month (about nearly 9000 RMB). According to the forecast data of the Polish Ministry of Finance, the average pre-tax wage of the national economy in 2020 will reach 5227 zloty (about 9376 RMB). It can be seen that the salary level in Poland is not high in Europe.
Although Poland has a big gap in the average income level of developed countries in Western Europe, the Polish economy has been developing rapidly in recent years, and the gap is constantly narrowing. What is important is that Poland has cheap prices, relatively low living costs, and relatively high quality of life. This should be an ideal living state, because if the income is high and the consumption is high, the comfort of life is easily offset by each other.
So, compared with most countries, Poland is still very attractive. Of course, the income levels of each region and each industry in Poland will vary, and the specific income will vary, and cannot be generalized.
Poland has reached its lowest unemployment rate in nearly 30 years this year, especially the repeated increase in the statutory minimum wage has better improved the living standards of the people, but the wool comes from the sheep, which has also increased the labor costs of the company's boss.
Poland was a poor country in European countries before, and the wage level of most people does not exceed 2/3 of the national average wage level. That is to say, about 3.9 million Polish workers earn less than 2,300 zloty (about 1,700 zloty after tax removal), such income is considered to be short of money in Europe.
In recent years, with the improvement of the economy, the number of foreigners in Poland has increased. According to the Polish Foreigners’ Office, the number of foreigners holding residence permits in Poland has reached 400,000, setting a new record in Poland.
Ukrainian accounts for the largest proportion of foreigners with long-term residence rights, with nearly 200,000.Belarusians were followed, with a total of 23,000 people. Their number has increased by 170% over the past two years. The second largest foreign group living in Poland is 21,300 Germans and 12,200 Russians.
In addition to Ukrainians and Belarusians, the largest influx of foreigners into Poland is Indians. Their number has reached 9,500, an increase of 170% from two years ago.
The salary income of Poles is not high, but Poland's prices are very low. For example, milk, fruit, cars, and clothing prices are often one-third lower than those in China, especially the Polish capital Warsaw House prices are basically around 10,000 to 20,000 yuan.
Although Poland's economic development speed is not as high as China, the inflation rate is far lower than that of China. It can be most directly reflected in terms of prices that economic development has brought great benefits to the people.
Poland is mainly engaged in employee shareholding system during privatization, which makes the gap between the rich and the poor not too large and the quality of life is relatively high. The following are some situations of daily necessities in Poland, which can be used as reference: For example, milk (1L) ≈ 4.16RMB, rice (1KG) ≈ 5.66 RMB, egg (12 pieces) ≈ 10.67RMB. If two people have dinner (medium restaurant, three courses) ≈ 170RMB.
Generally speaking, in terms of prices, fruits, milk, branded clothing, etc. are cheaper than in China; electronic products, daily necessities, and labor prices are higher than in China.
The medical benefits in Poland are very high. One person can enjoy the whole family if they pay
Poland's medical level is not as good as those in developed European countries, but it is also very good. This is the Polish medical system. For example, its medical insurance. As long as pays social security on time in Poland, you and your family can enjoy free medical services provided by private medical institutions that have signed an agreement with NFZ. To put it bluntly, one person pays tax and the whole family enjoys the medical treatment of Poles. There is no outpatient fee for medical treatment. The drugs used will be subsidized in proportion, and the hospitalization costs will be exempted.
If you have NFZ insurance or ZUS (public medical insurance) in Poland, you can apply for the European Health Insurance Card.
What is Polish NFZ? This is a mandatory universal health insurance policy in Poland - the National Health Fund (NFZ) insurance, which is for all Polish citizens and foreigners who live in Poland legally. To put it bluntly, it is equivalent to the medical insurance in our five insurances and one fund that the unit must pay.
So what is ZUS ? It is the abbreviation of social insurance office (Zaklad Ubezpieczen Spolecznych). Bosses in Poland must pay social insurance fees and compulsory insurance to the Office of Social Insurance (Zaklad Ubezpieczen Spolecznych) and the National Health Fund.
In Poland, if you encounter an emergency or emergency, calling an ambulance is free. And it can be used in 31 countries except the place of application.
in Poland, divided into private hospital and public hospitals. There is also an appointment system for medical treatment in Poland. The appointment period of private hospitals is relatively short. You can make an appointment at the nearest time by making a phone call. If you arrive at the clinic at the agreed time, you will be exempted from waiting in line. Doctors in Poland generally speak English and sometimes speak a second foreign language. If you have any requirements, patients can ask the hospital to arrange a doctor who speaks English, so that communication is more convenient.
The dental and gynecological medical treatment level in private hospitals in Poland is relatively good. Therefore, most Poles usually choose private hospitals for routine physical examinations. Of course, even if you have ordinary minor problems, you will go to private hospitals, and doctors’ medical treatment skills are generally very good.
Public hospitals in Poland are also open to all foreigners who pay taxes in Poland, including their families. However, public hospitals in Poland have relatively long reservations than private ones and require queues. In contrast, doctors in private hospitals have good professionalism and have a very good attitude towards patients, especially patients are very patient and friendly. If a more serious disease requires hospitalization or surgery, it is often more suitable to go to a public hospital, after all, the equipment and conditions are placed there.
Many doctors in Poland believe that there are tens of thousands of known diseases in this world, and few can be completely cured. Therefore, doctors should give patients more psychological care and try to give patients psychological comfort, so that the human immune system will be fully mobilized. Why many diseases are cured without medicine is because of psychological effects. Just as the famous European and American doctor Trudeau has a famous saying: "Sometimes heal; often help; always comfort. "
The Poles' principle of seeing a doctor is very simple, that is, "not treating minor illnesses." For example, a minor illness such as cold and cold, the doctor usually tells you to drink more water, pay more attention to rest, or take some vitamin C, and do not prescribe medicine to you. The doctor thinks it is unnecessary, especially not to take medicine at any time, which is not good for your health.
As a European country, Poland also implements a system of separation of medicine. means seeing a doctor in the hospital and buying medicine at the pharmacy (of course, prescription drugs must have hospital prescriptions). It is impossible for a doctor to prescribe more drugs to the hospital and increase his income by increasing his income. In Polish pharmacies, you can also enjoy discounts and discounts frequently. The advantage of medical separation is that doctors will not prescribe medicines randomly, and the price of basic medicines will not be too expensive.
Although private hospitals have good services and short waiting time for appointments, the advantage of public hospitals is that they have large modern equipment, which private hospitals cannot do. In Poland, many doctors often work in public hospitals and open their own private clinics, so in some cases, it is difficult to completely distinguish the pros and cons of public and private.
Poland's medical service system is relatively complete, some comparable to those of developed countries. To be honest, Poland is not as generous as our domestic hospitals. Many hospitals have various medical equipment at the international leading level. There are more than 900 general hospitals, more than 20,000 clinics, more than 180,000 beds, and more than 140,000 doctors in Poland. Hospitals generally have doctors with master's degree or above, and their professional qualities are also high. Due to the complete medical service system, there has never been a large-scale infectious disease outbreak in Poland in recent years.
In terms of medical insurance in Poland, people working and working pay medical insurance premiums at a certain proportion of their income, and the employer will withhold them every month. This is similar to ours. The medical benefits enjoyed by the insured are also applicable to direct family members, and direct family members do not need to pay any further fees. All social insurance premiums in Poland are paid to the National Social Insurance Company, and then transferred from the company to the National Healthcare Foundation through the bank. In Poland, even low-income people who are not able to participate in insurance can be exempted from premiums if approved by their local government.
Polese individuals purchase drugs are reimbursed by the disease type, but the reimbursement ratio is different. For prescriptions prescribed by doctors in non-protocol medical units, the patient must bear the full cost of the drug. In the event of severe emergency diseases, patients as insured persons have the right to use free means of exclusive transportation for health care, including aircraft. If you do not have National Health Fund (NFZ) insurance, you can pay to receive national public health care, or purchase commercial health insurance or purchase monthly or annual medical services in private health institutions.
In Poland, there are other benefits of disease and maternity insurance: For example, if a baby is born at home, parents can get a one-time 1,000 zloty (1 zloty is about 1.7938 RMB). Generally, everyone is eligible for this payment, with the monthly allowance for each child being about 40 zloty.
In addition to 20 weeks of maternity leave and 6 weeks of additional leave, parents can also enjoy 26 weeks of parenting leave. You can get full salary during maternity leave and additional leave, which is not a penny. In addition, you can still get 60% or 80% of your full attendance salary during the 26-week parenting holiday. In other words, Polish mothers can take one year of paid maternity leave.
Poland's pension insurance includes three levels: the first level is mandatory basic pension insurance, which ensures a unified payment ratio to maintain the basic living standards of retirees; the second level is mandatory supplementary pension insurance, which varies from person to person; the third level is corporate supplementary pension insurance that individuals voluntarily participate in.
In terms of unemployment insurance: the government provides a source of funds by establishing a "labor fund" (50% is borne by enterprises, withdrawn at 3% of the total wages of employees, and 50% comes from the national fiscal budget), and provides 6-month unemployment benefits to the unemployed.
Poland implements 8 years of free education, and its educational strength has been ranked among the top five in Europe
Poland implements 8 years of free education in public schools, and the Polish education system adopts indiscriminate welfare benefits . Starting from receiving education, you can enjoy government subsidies and also accept EU credit conversion. Poland has more than 400 universities, ranking first in Europe. Polish universities have joined the EU education system and are leading in art education.
The Paris-based OECD study on the level of the global education system is also by far the most influential ranking in the world, released every three years. In recent years, Poland, along with the Netherlands, Estonia and Finland, has always been at the top of the Global International Student Assessment Project (PISA). Poland has won the impressive performance of fifth place in Europe and eleventh place in the world. The achievement is attributed to the comprehensive initiatives of the Polish education system, especially the increase in education investment in mathematics and science, including the list of mathematics as a compulsory course from primary to high school.
Now, basic education in Poland almost adopts the Western quality education model, which is to combine education with entertainment and teach students according to their aptitude. Children generally do not have huge pressure to go to school, and the competition is small. They are trained according to the normal model and can go to college in the future. It is easier to transition to college in developed Western European countries. This has become a channel for many Polish parents to develop their children's future education.
Many parents in Poland, like many Chinese parents, attach great importance to the cultivation of children's artistic interests and hobbies, allowing them to receive art influence from an early age, such as learning violin, piano and other instruments, to cultivate children's artistic sensitivity and appreciation.
Poles take their children to visit the concert hall frequently and often take their children to listen to symphony and piano concerts. Children will concentrate when listening to music, and will not talk like some children in China. Polish children are as self-disciplined as adults, so listening to concerts can exercise children's self-control.
Speaking of music, we cannot but mention Poland's world-renowned musician Chopin . For example, the International Chopin Piano Competition is known as the "Piano Olympics". It is one of the most famous, strict, authoritative and highest-level piano competitions in the world. It has been held every five years since 1927. It was founded by Polish pianist Professor Jerzy Zurawlew and was held at the Warsaw Philharmonic Hall, the hometown of the famous musician Chopin. The competition was funded by the Polish government, providing a subsidy of 5 million zloty (about 1 million US dollars) for each competition.
Polish parents are willing to let their children come into contact with nature and often take their children out for walks, camping, sketching, photography, etc. Parents will let their children enjoy the sunset, rainbow, and other fragrances, so that they can pick beautiful leaves and wild flowers. Polish parents believe that the breath, light, shadow and sound in nature are conducive to the growth and development of children's auditory organs and can make children healthier and more energetic. Nature can give children a harmonious and peaceful spiritual world. At this point, education in Western countries attaches great importance to nature's contact, especially in Nordic countries.
In Poland, whether a kindergarten has a large enough outdoor venue is one of the important reference standards for judging the quality of the kindergarten. In addition, among the various hobbies and hobbies in Polish kindergartens, there are almost few "serious" learning courses such as Chinese, mathematics, and English, and are generally mainly art courses such as dance, musical instruments, and painting. Especially in kindergartens, there is a lot of outdoor activities every day. Even in winter, teachers in Poland will take children to outdoor activities.
Poles generally attach importance to sports throughout the country. Therefore, the sports courses in kindergartens are very rich, including swimming, tennis, cycling, equestrian, badminton, etc. Children often choose one or two sports that they particularly like since childhood, and will learn from professional coaches. When they grow up, almost every child has his own special sports ability. Polish children generally have great physical fitness.
Poles attach great importance to survival skills and are one of the special courses of Polish kindergartens. Kindergarten will invite police, firefighters, doctors, etc. to class from time to time to explain the dangerous situations that may be encountered in daily life and how to deal with them, so as to increase children's survival ability.
also has special courses including psychological counseling, 1 to 2 times a month, and are communicated with children by professional kindergarten psychologists to understand the children's psychological state in a timely manner.
Therefore, Polish kindergarten courses are very rich and pay great attention to the comprehensive development of the body and mind. The important thing is that the teacher basically does not leave homework, and focuses on playing, emphasizing that children can learn various knowledge and cultivate personal abilities while playing.
Many Poles were deeply influenced by the global education master Janusz Korczak (1878-1942) in terms of education!
Kozak is an outstanding Jewish educator, doctor, social activist in Poland, and a well-known writer with fans in many parts of the world. Kozak is regarded as a pioneer of modern education. Unlike other educators, he focuses on advocating: the educational policy of "no children, only people" that truly realizes children's human nature education.
Kozak is a Polish hero who is as famous as Chopin and Madame Curie . 1978 coincided with the 100th birthday of Kozak, and the United Nations announced that year was the "International Year of Children". The " Convention on the Rights of the Child" signed by more than 200 countries, which were later adopted in 1989, were all formulated based on his thoughts and spirit. It can be regarded as a global and eternal educational classic.
Kozak never married in his life and regards children's education as his life's mission and belief. After the outbreak of World War II in 1942, in order to accompany the children in the orphanage until the last moment of his life, he gave up the opportunity to survive. died in the gas chamber of the Treblinka concentration camp in Germany with , along with the 192 children he adopted.
Public primary schools in Poland are free, and usually only charges some catering fees and very small extracurricular activities. The school provides breakfast, lunch and afternoon snacks every day. The catering fee is only 8-10 zloty per day (1 zloty is about 1.7938 RMB). Private primary schools are not expensive, 1,000 zloty per year (1,830), which can be afforded by ordinary families.
In Poland, there is no unified admissions exam. University admissions almost always look at the students’ scores and performance during middle school, so as to decide whether students will be allowed to enroll, so the education system in Poland is more open to .
When students are in middle school at the age of 15/16, they must start to consider their future. In Poland, the final exam in the middle school stage is a bit similar to the university entrance exam, but there will be some additional subjects, such as medicine, architecture, art, etc. Anyway, even students with poor abilities and average performance during middle school can enter university.
In Poland, there is no concept of "school district housing". Children do not enter school by region. Children can go to any school you want. What’s important is that the school differences between different regions are not that big. The decisions that Polish parents need to make are more related to what type of school is. For example, some schools are very famous for mathematics, some are good at humanities, and some are good at language teaching, so they go to school based on your own choices and judgments.
Parents in Poland believe that it is not ultimately determined by where you live, but what you want, and they believe that while public education can be done well, it does not replace the role of parents. No matter how good a school is, it cannot replace a good family environment.
Poland has a very different educational method from ours. It is believed that we should not repeat the things in the textbooks, but should flexibly apply the textbooks and try to find your own ideas and reasonable explanations. Teachers believe that children should have their own ideas, not simply repeat and follow others, and if they want to become outstanding talents, they should stand out through thinking and personalized understanding.
Poles advocate their own language and believe that Polish is the most difficult language in the world
In Europe, Polish is considered the most difficult language in the world , and many Poles firmly believe in this. The Poles speak very quickly, and Polish is not as clear as other Slavic languages, which is a very big challenge for foreigners.
Once Asians speak Polish in front of Poles, or learn that they are learning Polish, Poles will be amazed. Polish is very difficult for Europeans because Polish has seven grammatical patterns and a large number of vocabulary are not common to Western European languages.
Polish is the only official language in Poland, and Polish contracts can only be signed in Polish in . In most scenarios, there are only Polish signs, and even in places like the provincial government residence permit processing center, where only foreigners are welcomed, there are very few English speakers.
In Poland, the scope of English is not very wide. Due to historical reasons, Poles started learning English very late (almost a high possibility for young people born after the upheaval of Eastern Europe to speak English).
Polish can quickly narrow the distance between them and the Polish people, and the Polish nation is generally proud of its history and language. In the eyes of many Poles, Polish is considered the best language in the world. Language can make a person feel a sense of identity with a country. In fact, the process of continuous strengthening of language ability is the process of strengthening the sense of identity with a country.
Poles live in a leisurely and comfortable state, Poles lack competition
Poles' life pressure seems to be very small, and the pace of life is very slow, especially in small cities, where everyone is very leisurely. The pressure of Poles without a job is reflected in that almost all institutions go to and from get off work on time, many shops are not open on weekends, and even get off work early on Fridays. On Sunday, the streets were empty and people gathered in churches, in forests, or by the lake.
Poland has a small population, only about 37.97 million. Poland's area is not much different from Germany, but its population is half that of Germany (82.91 million), and there is often a lack of competition here.
Poland Due to historical reasons, many intellectuals, especially older people, almost speak Russian. As a major European labor exporter, Poland not only learns German, Russian and English. In the city, you can also see various language cram schools. For example, Swedish is also a very important language. The reason is that Sweden is in the north of Poland. Therefore, many Poles are attracted by the high income there and often go there to work and make money. It is said that many of the physical laborers in Nordic Europe are Poles.
Poles pay attention to family relationships. For Poles, family is a word that is often spoken. In their opinion, one person works for the family, vacation is for family harmony, and even religious life will connect the family together. Polish families usually have many children, and almost no family can see only one child. Due to the small population, it has affected Poland's economic development of scale.
Polish family gatherings are also different from those of Westerners in Europe. Many Poles who live in the city often buy a garden with cabins in the suburbs. Grow vegetables in the garden and hold a barbecue party. Therefore, many Poles have enough space and space to make themselves comfortable and relaxed.
In Poland, there is often a lack of competition. Poles have almost no pressure on housing prices. In addition, the environment is good, rich resources, sparse population, and relatively cheap prices. Therefore, even if the salary is not high, Poles can live their lives comfortably and easily.
Some young Polish people want higher wages and go to learn foreign languages, make money in developed European countries, and then come back to live a comfortable life. This is also the choice of many Polish people.
The world's top universities in Poland have trained Chopin, Madame Curie, Copernicus, and President
In the 2019 Times World University Rankings, there are 5 universities in Poland ranked within 1,000, including Jagelon University first, and Warsaw University second. In fact, Poland has never stopped in education by raising Madame Curie, Chopin, Copernicus and other masters who influence the world.
Yagelon University or Yagelwo University in Poland. The University of Jagelon, Poland, was built on May 12, 1364 by King Dakazimiri. It is the oldest university in Poland and one of the oldest universities in the world. Jagelon University has a history of more than 650 years.
The University of Warsaw in Poland is located in the capital Warsaw. It is a famous comprehensive university and a famous higher education institution in Central and Eastern Europe. It is the largest national university in Poland. Outstanding alumni of the University of Warsaw have made great achievements in many fields such as politics, academics, culture and art in Europe and even the world. For example, its outstanding graduates include world-class outstanding pianist Chopin, Israel's founding father David Ben-Gurion, Nobel Peace Prize winner, Israel's 6th Prime Minister Menachim Begin, the 7th Prime Minister Itzhak Shamir , Poland's fourth President Leh Kaczynsky, the 5th President Leh Kaczynsky, five Polish Prime Ministers, six Nobel Prize winners, etc.
Poland once developed the world's first stealth tank, namely the "PL-O1" tank, which is the world's first stealth tank jointly developed by Polish Defense Holding Company and BAE Systems Company, which once shocked the world. It is coated with camouflage material on the surface of the tank, allowing the tank to change with the seasons. Nowadays, whoever can realize the first visible light stealth of tanks can occupy the commanding heights of the next four generations of tank protection technology.
According to 360 Encyclopedia data, the PL-01 main battle tank, the entire vehicle uses a variety of high-tech means to fight sound, light and heat, and reduce the chance of the tank being discovered. PL-01 can change its infrared characteristics at will, such as turning itself from a tank into a sedan. If this technology can be used maturely, it will inevitably trigger a new round of land war revolution.
This black technology is the strongest in the world. People are probably surprised by the birth of this armor material, which is probably no less than that of a quantum stealth cloak.
Why did Poland become the first target of Hitler's attack in World War II?
On September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany launched a blitzkrieg against Poland, and World War II officially broke out. Due to the large number of European countries, there are also many countries that are targeted by Nazi Germany. Why did Hitler choose Poland as the Nazis’ first target of attack in World War II?
First of all, it is a legacy of the distribution of World War I. Poland's Danze Corridor divided German territory into two parts, so Poland has always been hated by German Nazism. Hitler called Poland one of Germany's two major feuds (the other is France), and thus attacking Poland became the established target of Nazi Germany.
Secondly, because Nazi Germany had annexed Czechoslovakia earlier, it formed a multi-surrounding Poland on land. In Nazi Germany and Poland, the land passages were almost all large plains, with only a few rivers serving as military barriers, which was conducive to the Nazi launching a "blitz war".
Again, Poland had the "fifth largest European army" at that time, with a force of more than one million at that time. However, Poland's combat system was backward, and Poland's hope of defending the country was mostly placed on European powers such as Britain and France, and it lacked preparations for war. Of course, there are other factors to consider.
