Opening ·Their Three Kingdoms
When it comes to the "Three Kingdoms", what comes to people's minds is war strategies, with fierce generals like clouds, counselors like rain, fighting wits and courage, and siege cities and plundering land. Liu, Guan and Zhang became a gang in Taoyuan, Zhuge Liang fought against scholars, Guan Yu passed five passes and killed six generals, Zhao Yun went seven times in and seven times out of Changbanpo... This is a stage for men to call the wind and rain, and prejudicial and discriminatory sentences such as "Brothers are like brothers and feet, and wives are like clothes" are widely circulated because of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"... Women in the Three Kingdoms are weakened and fringed by the dust of history.
What are the fates of Liu Bei's wives and daughters who have been abandoned many times "like clothes"? Is Diao Chan just a man’s fantasy? Erqiao from Jiangdong, is the romantic imagination of Sun Ce and Zhou Yu being a beautiful woman with a hero, or is the spoil of the winner in the cruel war? Why did Zhen, who had scandals with all three Caos, lose in the "palace battle"? Is she really the "God of Luo" in Cao Zhi's heart?
Cover News launched a series of articles on "Three Kingdoms Women's Picture Book", Shi Hai was sinking and restored the original appearance, allowing them to move from the shadow of heroes to the front, and take readers to know the Three Kingdoms women with flesh and blood and soul.
Tang Bohu's "Diao Chan" (anti-imitation painting)
"Sinking fish and falling geese, closing the moon and shy flowers", these eight words refer to the four beauties in ancient China, among which "closing the moon" is Diao Chan, and painters often use "Diao Chan to worship the moon" to paint.
Diao Chan is well-known for Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". In the TV series, famous actresses Li Zhi, Pan Yingzi, , Chen Hong, Chen Hao and others have successively played her beautiful images.
As the public knows, Diao Chan is a singer in the palace of Wang Yun. Seeing Dong Zhuo's tyrannical life, the people are in trouble, and business women also have the intention to serve the country. Wang Yun had a series of plans, Diao Chan voluntarily sacrificed himself, and the spy Dong Zhuo Lu Bu Lu Bu finally made Lu Bu kill Dong Zhuo to make the greatest evil. Lu Bu took Diao Chan as his concubine. When Lu Bu was besieged by Cao Cao, he drank with Diao Chan all day long to relieve his boredom. After Lu Bu died in Baimen Tower, Diao Chan was no longer recorded. These are the stories in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
: Regarding Diao Chan's whereabouts, future generations can only use their imagination and make up for their own opinions. Among folk rumors and literary works, there are rumors that Diao Chan was captured by Cao Cao and placed in the bronze cape Taichung, and died of depression; there are rumors that Diao Chan was either released by Guan Yu, or became Guan Yu's concubine, or was killed by Guan Gong Guan Gong Yanyue Sword; there are rumors that Diao Chan swears to never follow Cao Cao, commits suicide and sacrifices her husband, etc.
Painting of the Summer Palace Gallery: Wang Yun cleverly set up a series of plans. The woman in the picture is Diao Chan
Is Diao Chan really the person?
Does Diao Chan really have a good person? There have always been constant disputes.
is now mainstream. It is generally believed that Diao Chan is a fictional character made by a novelist. But even so, those who believe in it, quote the classics and search for Diao Chan's traces among clues. For example, Lintao, Gansu, Xinzhou, Shanxi, Mizhi, Shaanxi and other places have also competed for " Diao Chan's hometown ". Among them, Lintao County, Gansu Province announced in 2011 that it has successfully registered a total of 78 trademarks of "Diao Chan" and "Diao Chan's hometown". Of course, this is a "trick" to develop the local economy through cultural celebrities. It doesn't matter whether the characters are virtual, but what is important is that they are famous.
According to the "Three Kingdoms", "Bu and Zhuo Shima Maid have an affair", while "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" only modified some words and "personally communicate with Fu Shima". Fu Maid was the maid, and Yan Shigu wrote annotation of the "Book of Han": "Everyone who talks about Fu Maid is called Fu Xiang's clothes and mats. In one statement, Fu said that Fu Maid is a blessing in recent times." Li He (named Changji) of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wensheng's meaning was that Fu Maid was the maid in charge of Fu Fan. This maid is closest to Diao Chan's separation between Dong Zhuo and Lu Bu, and the official history has not recorded the maid's name and surname.
The famous scholar of the Ming Dynasty Yang Shen "Sheng'an Complete Works" records: "There is the story of Lu Bu's wife Diao Chan, but historical records are not recorded. "The Song of General Lu" by Li Changji of the Tang Dynasty: 'The silver turtle shaking a white horse, and Fu Fan Girl's banner.' It seems that there is someone."
Pingbu Qing of the Qing Dynasty made a research in "Xiao Qixia Shubai": Volume 33 of the Tang Dynasty "Kaiyuan Divination": "The Notes on "Yinghuo Nu Divination" say: "The General History of Han Shu": 'Cao Cao's not ambition, first lure Dong Zhuo, and advance to the Diao Chan to confuse his king.’” Ping Buqing also said that he didn’t know who wrote the “Han Shu Tongzhi”, and neither the “Qilu” nor the “Sui Shu Jingji” included this book. “The Romance of Luo Family Yi’s “Diao” is “Miao”, so he didn’t know which book. "The Qing Dynasty Liang Zhangju also mentioned this information in "The Continued Talk of Wandering": "If Diao Chan is Diao Chan, there is indeed someone else." "However, he also said that the "Han Shu Tongzhi" has been lost and it is impossible to judge whether it is true or not.
Whether Cao Cao presented Diao Chan to Dong Zhuo is unknown, but "Diao Chan" in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" became "Diao Chan". Cao Cao presented it to Dong Zhuo not Diao Chan, but a dagger inlaid with seven gems, attempting to assassinate Dong Zhuo.
Zhouyue School Illustration Edition " The Romance of the Three Kingdoms " convinced Diao Chan
in the Song Dynasty "The Three Kingdoms Pinghua" to tell Diao Chan's life story: "He is from Lintao, Guanxi, with his surname Ren, and his small name is Diao Chan. "Diao Chan also said that "the parents (husband) were Lu Bu, and they lost their parents since Lintao Prefecture. "In the Yuan Dynasty's miscellaneous song "Jinyuntang Secretly Determined a Chain Plan", it is said that "Lu Bu among the people, Diao Chan among the girls". Diao Chan is a native of Muer Village, Xinzhou, Shanxi Province. The daughter of Ren Ang, whose courtesy name is Hongchang. Because Emperor Ling of Han was elected to the palace and was in charge of Diao Chan, he was named Diao Chan. Later, Emperor Ling of Han gave Diao Chan to Ding Jianyang , and Ding Jianyang also matched her with Lu Bu as his wife. Later, in the Yellow Turban Rebellion, the couple was separated. Diao Chan fell to the mansion of Situ Wang Yun and was adopted as his adopted daughter. Lu Bu became accused of Dong Zhuo as his adopted father.
Diao Chan did not see the historical records but conquered Zhuo Shi
According to the "Hero Records" cited by Pei Songzhi's note in "The Three Kingdoms", in the third year of Chuping (192), after Dong Zhuo's death, Lu Bu was Li Jue He was defeated by Guo Si, abandoned his wife and escaped from Wuguan. Lu Bu's wife was hidden by Pang Shu and survived.
The second year of Xingping (195), Lu Bu's wife met Liu Bei. On that day, Lu Bu asked Liu Bei to sit on the bed of a woman in the tent. Lu Bu's wife saluted Liu Bei and drank wine and drank. Lu Bu called Liu Bei a "good brother", but he didn't expect that he would die because Liu Bei was hurt.
In the first year of Jian'an (196), Lu Bu's general Hao Meng rebelled. Lu Bu was forced to lead his wife, and was disheveled, so he escaped from the toilet and climbed the wall.
In the third year of Jian'an (198), Lu Bu was besieged Xiapi City by Cao Cao and planned to leave the city to cut off the food route of Cao's army, but his wife stopped him.
(Lu) Bu's wife said, "It's the general who came out to cut off the food route of Cao Gong. (Chen) Gong and (Gao) Shun are not in harmony. Once the general comes out, Gong and Shun must have different hearts and guard the city. If there is a downfall, how should the general stand on his own? I hope that the general will make a mistake in Wuwei Palace. I was in , Chang'an, and I was abandoned by the general. I had to rely on Pang Shu to keep my body privately, so I don't need to care about it now. "
translated as: General, just leave the city by yourself, don't care about me. Anyway, I have been abandoned by you in Chang'an before! Go out! Chen Gong and Gao Shun have always been disagreeable. Once you go out, they will definitely not be able to work together to defend the city. When the city is lost, I don't need to care about it. General, where will you hold yourself? Think carefully.
Lu Bu listened to his wife's words and said, "I can't decide myself."
Eastern Jin Sun Sheng "Wei Family Spring and Autumn" also records: Bu's wife said: "In the past, Cao's family was like a child when they were in Gongtai (Chen Gong) and was still abandoned. Now General Hou Gongtai is just like Duke Cao, but he wants to entrust the whole city to donate his wife. He will go out alone. If there is any change, how can I be the general’s wife? "
"Heroes" also records an interesting thing. When Cao Cao captured Lu Bu in Xia Pi, Lu Bu was extremely dissatisfied: "I love my generals, but they betray me in the face of danger." Cao Cao asked him: "You betray your wife and love your generals, why do you still have a shameless face to say that you love your generals? "Lu Bu was silent. Liang Zhangju commented on this: "It is also extremely unfortunate for the wife and daughter of (Lu) Bu."
drama "Lu Bu and Diao Chan"
I just don't know "Heroes" and "Wei Family Chunqiu". Whether the wife of Lu Bu was recorded in the two books is Diao Chan.
"Heroes" is also called "Lu Bu and Wei Xu "has a relative outside and inside". According to the "Collected Interpretation", He Zhuo said that Lu Bu's wife is Wei. However, the internal relatives and external relatives are too wide, and Wei Xu may not be the clan of Lu Bu's wife, but also Lu Bu's mother and grandmother clan.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" says, "Lu Bu has two wives and one concubine: he first married Yan as his wife, and then married Diao Chan as his concubine; when he was in Xiaopei, he married Cao Bao's daughter as his second wife. Cao's death first died, and Diao Chan also had nowhere to come out, but Yan had a daughter, and Bu loved it the most." The words of Lu Bu's wife's dissuasion recorded in "Heroes" and "Wei Chunqiu" were told by Luo Guanzhong through Yan's mouth. Lu Bu was depressed and told Diao Chan, and Diao Chan also said, "General and I am the master of my concubine, don't come out lightly."
Cai Dongfan "Popular Romance of the Later Han Dynasty" says, "Diao Chan does not see the historical records, but only conquered the history of the French, and the rumors are convincing."
As for the folk stories about Diao Chan and Guan Yu, they can't figure out the mentality of these reasons. First, the romantic story of beauties and heroes. In the zany drama "Release Diao Chan under the Moon", Diao Chan was released by Guan Yu; second, Diao Chan and Guan Yu are fellow villagers in Shanxi, and folk rumors say Diao Chan was sent back to his hometown by Guan Yu, some say they died of old age, and some say that their bodies were sent back to burial after committing suicide; third, Guan Yu and Lu Bu have a related thing "Red Rabbit", the Red Rabbit returns to Guan Yu, and Diao Chan seems to be the one who should also return to Guan Yu. In the Ming drama "Guan Gong and Diao Chan", Diao Chan becomes Guan Yu's concubine. However, according to the "Quyuan Miscellaneous Psychology": The zaju "King Diao Chan under the Moon of Guan Gong" was a result of the affair between Lu Bu and Dong Zhuo and Fu Ma in "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Biography of Lu Bu", which was acquainted with Dong Zhuo and Fu Ma. Ming Dynasty writer Xu Wei verified in "The Book of Mr. Fengshi Ji" that there is nothing to do with Guan Gong beheading Diao Chan. "As the so-called 'beheading Diao Chan' is widely circulated in the world, but there is nothing. This must be examined."
Drama "Guan Gong explains Diao Chan under the moon"
Is Diao Chan a hero among women or is it a beauty in trouble?
says she is a female hero. There was a zaju drama "Female Hero" with Diao Chan as the protagonist in the Ming Dynasty. You can see her image by reading the title of the drama. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" praises "The Han Dynasty has been the same as Diao Chan's wife!" Cai Dongfan's "The Romance of the Later Han Dynasty" particularly respects Diao Chan, "For a plan, the Tao is to keep the chastity; for a country's strategy, the Tao is to make changes. All the loyal ministers and righteous men in the world cannot get rid of Dong Zhuo, but Diao Chan can only get rid of it... Diao Chan, I love it." Dong Zhuo's chaos in politics, and "no one is a man" in the Han Dynasty, but hopes that a woman will be wronged and eliminated. This is probably a utilitarian and tool-like fantasy for women under the right to speak.
said that she was a beauty, and Wang Yunze used her righteously to harm the "big evil man Dong Zhuo", and later harmed Lu Bu, the most powerful general of the Three Kingdoms. In operas, such as "The King of Guan Beheads Diao Chan under the Moon" and "The King of Guan Masked Dao Chan", they all compare Diao Chan and Daji. Guan Gong was afraid that Diao Chan's beauty would harm the world, so he followed Jiang Taigong's masked Daji and killed her.
It is said that there is Diaochan Cemetery in Xinzhou, Shanxi, Diaochan Temple in the north, and Diaochan Tomb in the west. There is a couplet in Diaochan's temple, "The appearance is overwhelming the beautiful man in Xi Shi, and the courage is overwhelming Jing Ke to eliminate the traitors." There is a "The inscription of a strong woman" on the monument in front of Diaochan's tomb. In addition, there is Diao Chan's archway, which has a couplet on it, "You can be filial to enter the well for love, and scold the thief of Cao even more for being chasing." It points out that Diao Chan was captured and killed by Lu Bu, scolded Cao Cao and finally committed suicide by jumping into the well for being chasing. Diao Chan became a virtuous woman again.
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" contradicts Diao Chan's image and the story is incomplete. Wang Yun used beauty plans and chain time plans, praising Diao Chan for "helping the country seriously and establishing the country again is your power." Her image is similar to that of Xi Shi, and she is in charge of national affairs and devotes herself to justice, and will never refuse to die. "If I don't repay the righteousness, I will die under thousands of blades!" The heroic and arduous image came to my eyes.
However, when "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" writes about Lu Bu being besieged by Cao Cao, Diao Chan drank with Lu Bu all day long to relieve her sorrow. She became a "Daji" who corrupted morale and made the strategist and generals disinterested. When Lu Bu was strangled by Cao Cao, the character Diao Chan was useless and was abandoned and forgotten without even explaining his funeral.
know a little
Diao Chan: The original meaning refers to the cap
to search for historical materials. From "Han Shu", "Three Kingdoms" to "Ming History", there is only one explanation for "Diao Chan", namely, Diao Chan's crown, which is the hat worn by the ministers of the eunuchs.The official hats of the Shizhong and Changshi in the Han Dynasty were decorated with golden flasks, "with cicadas as text and sable tail as decorations, which was called Zhao Hui Wenguan" ( Lu Bi "Collected Interpretation of the Three Kingdoms"), and later became the ritual crown of high-ranking officials.
Diao Chan crown
Southern Dynasty "Song Book·Lizhi" records, "All attendants will be added to Diao Chan", "Zhao Wuling King changed to Hu, and Qin destroyed Zhao, and his king was given to him. Therefore, since the Qin and Han dynasties, the attendants have Diao Chan."
"Arts and Literature Gathering": "Qin Shihuang's retro crown of Diao Chan, and the Han Dynasty did not change it." The person wearing Diao Chan's crown was the emperor's left and right eunuch.
According to "Book of Jin: Biography of King Zhao": "Every court meeting, Diao Chan sits everywhere. People at that time say: 'There is not enough marten, the dog's tail is continuous.'" Sima Lun has given a large reward, resulting in too many officials wearing Diao Chan's crown during court meetings, and the marten tail decorating the crown is not enough, so they can only use dog's tail to replace it. The idiom "dog tail is continuous marten" comes from this.
Southern Qi Military General Zhou Panlong , when he was in his prime, he guarded the border, and when he was old, he turned into a civil servant, a civil servant, and the emperor Xiao Zhi teased him, "You are wearing Diao Chan, how about a Dou Zhang?" Diao Chan was the hat of the Chang Shang, and the Dou Zhang was the helmet of the general, so Xiao Zhi asked him how the two hats were compared. Zhou Panlong answered smartly: "This Diao Chan is out of her ears." It means that the glory that the old and sick persons are now obtained from her achievements in her prime. Xin Qiji "Breaking the Formation·For Fan Nan Boshou" quotes this allusion: "How can the sparrow know the swan? Diao Chan comes out of the puppet."
Lu You has a poem "But she laughs at the flying fairy and has not forgotten the customs, and the golden sable still wears the Shizhong crown", and the Shizhong crown is Diao Chan. In "The Complete Collection of Lu You's Poems", "If you can divide the axe and halberd, you will get the halberd and halberd, and you will get the halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd and halberd," and so on. Among them, the halberd and halberd are all referring to the crown and hat. "Annotations on Ancient and Modern Chinese", "Song History·Yufu Zhizhi", "Ming History·Yufu Zhizhi" and so on all record the grade and style of Diao Changuan in detail.
Cover News Reporter Wen Kanglin
[If you have news clues, please report the information to us. Once adopted, there will be a reward. Report information WeChat follow: ihxdsb, report information QQ: 3386405712]
