Dipsodium tetanus vaccine is the abbreviation of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus mixed vaccine. It is composed of three ingredients, including pertussis vaccine, refined diphtheria and tetanus toxins. These three ingredients are prepared in proportion to the appropriate amount of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine to obtain diphtheria and tetanus vaccine. This vaccine is very effective in preventing three diseases: pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. Currently used are adsorbent pertussis vaccine, diphtheria and tetanus toxin mixed vaccine (adsorption of diphtheria and tetanus) and adsorbent pertussis vaccine, diphtheria and tetanus toxin mixed vaccine (adsorption of cell-free diphtheria and tetanus toxin mixed vaccine).
Vaccination time of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine
my country's current immunization procedures stipulate that the first dose of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine should be started at full term 3 after birth, and 3 consecutive shots should be given, with the shortest interval between each shot shall not be less than 28 days. One shot will be used to enhance immunity from 1 and a half years old to 2 years old, and one shot will be enhanced by refined diphtheria vaccine or refined diphtheria vaccine at the age of 7 years old. That is, antibodies against three infectious diseases: pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus are produced in the baby's body.
Immune effect:
Diphtheria and Tetanus vaccine has been proven by many years of practice at home and abroad that it has a good preventive effect on pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. At present, it is generally believed that the immune effect of tetanus and diphtheria is more satisfactory.
has the best preventive effect on tetanus. After using the basic immunization of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine or two shots of immunization with tetanus vaccine, all vaccinated serum can reach protection levels above, and antibodies can last for 10-15 years, and the protection rate can reach more than 95%.
is also ideal for preventing diphtheria. After using the basic immunization of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine or two doses of diphtheria vaccine, about 90% of people can reach protective levels of diphtheria antitoxin in serum. If you strengthen the immunity for 1 injection at the age of 1.5-2, the antibody can last for more than 5 years.
The preventive effect of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine on pertussis has been debated. However, according to some data, after one month of basic immunization of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine, the lectin antibodies in the serum can increase by more than 20 times compared with before immunization, and their protection rate can reach about 80%. If you are 1.5-2 years old, you will have another injection of immune enhancement, and the antibody can last for at least 2-3 years.
5 adverse reactions of 100-day break vaccine
1. Abnormal reactions to the nervous system
1. Neuritis: It usually occurs 5-7 days or two weeks after vaccination, or even longer, manifested as limb numbness, pain, weakening or disappearance of tendon reflexes. In severe cases, symptoms such as muscle atrophy and paralysis may occur, and facial nerve paralysis and crooked mouth corners may occur.
2. Encyclopedia: It usually occurs within 3 days after vaccination, with symptoms such as convulsions, spasms, convulsions, lethargy or abnormal howling, but most of them can recover. A few patients may leave permanent damage, such as limb muscle atrophy and paralysis, mental retardation or epilepsy-like seizures.
3. Allergic encephalomyelitis: It usually occurs 1-4 weeks after vaccination, with an average of about 10 days. It is manifested as sudden onset of the disease, soreness in the limbs, numbness in the hands and feet, and may be accompanied by fever, irritability, drowsiness, vomiting, and convulsions. Later, reflex changes, hemiplegia, and cerebral nerve paralysis. If the spinal cord is damaged, limb paralysis will occur, and some may have symptoms of meningeal irritation such as coma. Most patients develop rapidly, and can gradually relieve after the acute phase, and some people will have sequelae.
patients who experience abnormal nervous system reactions can generally use 40 ml of 50% glucose intravenous injection twice a day, and use adrenal corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone 100-200 mg intravenous drip; patients with encephalitis can use mannitol for dehydration and treatment, and give adenosine triphosphate, cytochrome C, coenzyme A and other drugs to promote cell metabolism, and at the same time, vitamin C, vitamin B1 and B2 are appropriately supplemented.
2. Rash
Generally, it appears several hours or days after vaccination. The shape of the rash can be diverse. Common ones include urticaria, similar to measles, scarlet heat-like rash, exudate papules, blister-like multiform rash, bleeding rash or purpura, etc., which can be systemic or localized. When the rash occurs, it may be accompanied by symptoms such as fever and systemic discomfort. For the treatment of rash, it is mainly anti-allergic and can be treated with hormones if necessary.
3. Allergic shock
Suddenly occurs in a few minutes or within 1 hour after receiving the vaccine, pale complexion, cold sweating, cold limbs, decreased blood pressure, dizziness, headache, difficulty breathing, and even fainting and cyanosis. If rescue is not promptly rescued, death may lead to death. Therefore, people must be vigilant about this. Once shock occurs, the patient should be lying flat immediately and the following drugs should be applied in sequence according to the severity of the disease:
1, 1:1000 adrenaline: 0.5-1ml per adult, 0.02-0.03 ml per kilogram of body weight in children, and subcutaneous injection. If you don't recover after 10 minutes, you can use it again.
2. Hydrocortisone: 100-200 mg of adults add 250-500 ml of middle venous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous in 100-200 mg of adults; 2-4 mg of 5% glucose solution per kilogram of body weight each time; in case of critical condition, 1/2-2/3 of the above adrenaline amount can be diluted in 20-40 ml of 5% glucose solution.
3. Dexamethasone: 10-20 mg per adult and 5-10 mg per child each time, add 5%-25% glucose solution, 10-20 ml of medium intravenous injection, and rehydrate in time after injection.
4. Pentolamine: For those who still fail to perform after the above method treatment, phentolamine can be given as appropriate. Generally, 10-20 mg per adult will be added to 250 ml of 5% glucose solution for a 5% intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous in children each time; 0.2-0.3 mg per kilogram of body weight for children will be added to 50 ml of 5% glucose solution for a 50 ml of intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous in children each time.
5. Metahydroxylamine: For those who have not yet achieved results, they can add 15-100 mg of methylene glycol as appropriate. 250 ml of 5% glucose solution for 5% intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous in children each time; 0.3-2 mg of body weight per kilogram of body weight for children, 100 ml of 5% glucose solution for 5% intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous in children each time.
6. Other treatments: If the condition is critical and accompanied by dyspnea, oxygen should be given in time; if the laryngeal edema is severe, tracheotomy should be performed; if the bronchospasm is cramped, ammonophylline should be injected intravenously. Adults are 250 mg each time, and children are 2-4 mg per kilogram of body weight each time; if there is respiratory depression or weak heartbeat, tracheal intubation should be performed if necessary.
4. Low tension and low response reaction (also known as shock-like syndrome)
This is a relatively rare complication after diphtheria and tetanus vaccine injection. It often occurs in infants between 2 and 8 months and generally occurs within 10 hours after vaccination. It is manifested as pale complexion, drowsiness, irritability, and anorexia. Most of them can recover on their own. About 0.2% of children may experience sudden collapse, continuous screaming, obvious nervous system changes, and even death. The reason for this may be related to allergies or hypoglycemia.
5. Angioendritic edema
often occurs within 1-3 days after inoculation. Local redness and swelling appear in the injection, and the skin is shiny due to swelling. In severe cases, it can be expanded to the entire upper arm. For this condition, anti-allergic treatment is mainly used.
Things to note when vaccinating diphtheria and tetanus vaccine
Although vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus vaccine can cause various side effects above, it is an effective measure to prevent infectious diseases after all. In order to reduce or prevent various adverse reactions, people should pay attention to the following things when vaccinating:
(1) Strictly grasp the contraindications.
(2) Once one of the following conditions occurs, such as collapse, shock, persistent screaming, high fever, convulsions, severe changes in consciousness, systemic or local neurological symptoms, allergic reactions, thrombocytopenia or hemolytic anemia, you should seek medical attention immediately.
(3) BCG vaccine cannot be inoculated on the same arm within 4 weeks to prevent the BCG vaccine from proliferating by lymphatic transfer to the injection site, forming abscess and nodules.
(4) Vaccination should not be performed during the epidemic period of Japanese encephalitis and polio.
More and better parenting knowledge, welcome to follow "Home is good baby" (WeChat official account: familybabys)←← Long press to copy.
Your evaluation is our motivation to update. We will humbly accept your criticism and guidance and sincerely look forward to your evaluation!
