1. Bed making standards
1. The bed surface meets the standard of "high, flat, straight and solid".
is height: the bed height is 15 cm to 20 cm; flat: the height difference in the bed surface for every 10 square meters shall not exceed 0.5 cm; straight: the brick path and the edge of the bed are neat and consistent, and the curvature error for every 10 extension meters shall not exceed 1 cm; solid: the bed is loose and the bottom is loose and moderate. Pay special attention to the leveling work of the edges and corners of the shed.
2. Preparation of bed soil. Correctly choose seedling strengthening agent or supporting fertilizer and use it strictly in accordance with the product instructions to avoid fertilizer damage. (It is recommended to use a standard seedling greenhouse of 360 square meters: Baoding 0,000 domestically produced 4 bags of 80 kg or 40 kg of supporting fertilizer for rooting and root strengthening agent + mix evenly with the seedling soil.)
3. The disinfection and sterilization process of bed soil must be taken seriously. No matter what supporting fertilizer and rank strengthening agent are used, soil sterilization and disinfection must be carried out. If the seedling strengthening agent contains a fungicide, it should be mixed into the soil to ensure the disinfection and sterilization effect.
2. Standard for placing plates
100% use blanket-style autumn plate to cultivate seedlings. Before placing the plate, you must prepare tools such as aluminum alloy ruler, plate soil quantitative pinch, flat-head trowel, pressing plate, mulch film, and rope to improve the quality of the plate.
1. When placing the plate, you must level and placing the plate with a ruler to ensure flatness. In response to the cracks caused by drought in seedling beds, when placing the plate, the seedling bed soil should be laid on the seedling bed, which can connect and increase moisture to the seedling bed. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that there is about 0.5 cm of soil layer on the bed, ensure that the tray and the bed are closely integrated, and prevent the phenomenon of "hanging the seedlings".
2. The soil on the plate must be quantitatively pinched to ensure that the thickness of the soil on the plate reaches more than 2 cm (about 3 kilograms per plate), and the thickness is the same. Use a trowel to smooth it and then compact it with a pressing plate.
3. After smoothing the soil on the plate with a flat trowel, compact it with a pressing plate to ensure that the thickness of the soil on the plate is consistent. Then use a ruler to make sure that the plates are closely connected, avoiding the rise in the plates and fat edges, which is not conducive to the seedling planting machine. Place the seedling tray horizontally and vertically.
4. After the plate is placed, cover it with a layer of plastic film or non-woven fabric to prevent the water from dripping and causing the soil to be lost. At the same time, the edge of the shed is compacted and sealed, increasing the temperature inside the shed, accelerating the ferrosity depth, and avoiding wind and snow damage to the greenhouse.
3. Sowing standard
1. Preparation before sowing: prepare corresponding management tools, such as 100 square meters inoculation plate or bud seed sowing volume standard measuring device, seed presser, and thermometer. If the bottom moisture of the seedling bed is insufficient, the bottom water should be thoroughly watered in advance to prevent dry bed phenomenon in the later stage. The standard is that the seedling bed should be wet with 15 cm soil layer, and the surface of the rank plate should not produce clear water. If the placing standards are not in place or the number of bad things after the placing is damaged due to other reasons, it should be rectified in time, so as to achieve the bed level, the plating is uniform, and the bottom moisture is sufficient before sowing.
2. Sowing period standard: When the temperature stabilizes through 5 to 6℃, the sowing period is generally from April 5 to April 15.
3. Sterilization and disinfection: Use 1.5 ml/square meter of transplanted spirits before sowing, dilute 1000-1500 times spray sterilization and disinfection.
4. Sowing volume standard: seed bud length is controlled within 2mm. Before sowing, use the Wanjiabao No. 1 special product for farmers, dry the seeds (about 75 kg per 100 grams of seeds) until they do not touch their hands before sowing. It is best to use a precision electric seeder to sow seeds. The seedlings in the machine are calculated based on the number of seedlings in each hole. A total of 40,000 seeds per tray need to be sown in each 648 holes (5 seeds per hole, the seed germination rate is 90%, and the seedling rate in the fields of seedlings in the machine are 90%.), and the seedling density of the seedlings in the machine is 250-260 seeds/100 square centimeters; for early-growing seedlings for planting, the seed quantity of seedlings in each tray is calculated based on the 4-5 seedlings in each tray.
5. Soil covering standard: After sowing, use a seed press to compact the seeds, and use a mechanical or electric soil covering machine to cover the soil. The optimal thickness of the soil covering is 0.7 cm. Do not use sealing herbicide after soil covering. Recommended stem and leaf herbicidal method for post-seeding stems and leaves. Rice 1.5-2.5 leaf stage, barnyard grass 2-3 leaf stage, 10% 10ml + 48% 25ml/100 square meters, mixed with water 15l/mu spray. After sowing and before the seedlings emerge, the bed surface should be covered with plastic film to keep warm and moisturized. Early sowing uses three-membrane covering or other warming measures. If you encounter low temperature or frost, use charcoal
fire gold or charcoal furnace and other methods to resist low temperature cold damage . Strengthen the shed protection work during strong winds and snowfalls, ensure smooth drainage ditches, and ensure dry seedlings.
6. Thermometer placement standards: Thermometer should be placed in the Yuzhi greenhouse to measure the changes in the bed temperature. The thermometer should be placed 20m away from the head and in the middle, 30 cm away from the middle trail. It is made of 8# iron wire. After sowing, it is placed on the bed surface. After the seedlings are unearthed, the thermometer is always placed 1 cm of the seedlings. Intelligent seedling greenhouses also need to place more than two thermometers in the aid according to the thermometer placement standards to facilitate temperature correction.
4. Technical standards for rice management in the rice production characteristics in cold areas, strictly follow the leaf age process, including membranes and pressing beds, and ventilation is carried out in a timely manner according to the rice production characteristics of cold areas and the temperature inside the aid.
The first period: Seed root development stage
From sowing to the tip of the first leaf, it takes about 7 to 9 days. This period emphasizes the principle of root cultivation first and seed root cultivation first. The temperature is mainly heat preservation, the optimal temperature is 25-28℃, the minimum temperature is not lower than 10℃, and the maximum temperature is not higher than 32℃. Generally, watering is not allowed during this period. If the humidity is too high or locally too wet, remove the membrane and disperse the moisture. Then apply the mulch at night, and the soil should be properly restored to the exposed area. When 80% of the seedlings are exposed, remove the mulch after 5 pm or before 8 pm the next morning to prevent the membrane from being exposed during high temperatures at noon to prevent the sun from burning the seedlings. Replenish water in the dry place, disperse moisture in the wet place, knock off the top cover, and cover the soil in the exposed seeds to replenish water.
The second period: The first complete leaf extension is long-term
From the emergence to the first complete leaf expansion, the management focus is to control the height of the first leaf sheath not exceeding 3 cm, and the underground part promotes the five root systems of the leaf joints that extend together with the first leaf. During this period, water with acid water with a Ph value of 4, and the shed temperature is controlled at 22~25℃, and the maximum is not exceeding 28℃. Ventilate and refine the seedlings in time. Water management is generally watered less or no watering to keep the seedlings in early cultivation state.
The third period: the laxative period
starts from the tip of the second leaf to the third leaf, which takes about 10 to 14 days. The management focus is to promote the vigorous growth of 8 roots of incomplete leaf nodes in the underground part, and control the distance between the first leaf and the second leaf, the second leaf and the third leaf 1 cm each to prevent the stems and leaves from growing too much. The focus is on controlling temperature and moisture, and temperature management. The maximum temperature does not exceed 25℃. The optimal temperature in the second leaf stage is 22-24℃. The optimal temperature in the third leaf stage is 20-22℃. Especially in the 2.5 leaf stage, the temperature does not exceed 25℃ to prevent premature ear phenomenon. This period of time, ventilation and seedlings should be refined. When the humidity in the shed is high, ventilation and seedlings should be cultivated. Water management should be done to "three-point" watering. If the bed soil is white, the root system is well developed, the tips of new leaves in the morning and evening, or the new leaves are curled at noon, water them before 8:00 the next morning and water them thoroughly at one time. Watering is prohibited at noon and at night.
The fourth period: Preparation period before transplantation
leaves from 3.1-3.5, 2 to 3 days. The management focus is to control water and squat the seedlings to strengthen the roots and keep the seedlings in a hungry state, so as to facilitate the good roots and rapid greening after transplantation. At the same time, Aohao puts the first three belts, bring phosphorus fertilizer one day before transplanting: spray 125-150 grams of diammonium acid acid per square meter of seedling bed, spray a small amount of water to make the fertilizer stick to the seedling bed; bring medicine: bring medicine 2-3 days before transplanting, you can choose to spray medicine before the dew disappears in the morning, 40% Legume 15 ml/square meter or 70% Emily 6-8 grams/100 square meter or 25% Aktai 6-8 grams/100 square meter, spray wine with a small amount of water to prevent and control leaf flies; carry biological fertilizer (recommended to use Wanguo re-graining agent), use it during the period of separation from various agents, generally use Wanguo rice special medicinal fertilizer 5-7 days before insertion, mix water with water evenly.
Preparation before transplanting: The seedlings of appropriate age are ventilated day and night 5 to 7 days before transplanting, and start from 3 to 4 days. If the seedlings do not wilt, stop watering and squat the seedlings to strengthen the roots.
5. Seedling field management suggestions
1. Disease prevention and control: In the case of low temperature, light or rainy weather, especially when the continuous low temperature starts to sunny days, you should get up early to open the ventilation so that the seedlings can adapt to the changes from low temperature to high temperature to prevent the occurrence of immediate blight; water Ph4.5 acid water once in the 1.5 leaf stage and 2.5 leaf stage respectively. During the 1.5-2.5 leaf stage of rice, spray transplanting and other fungicides for soil filling and disinfection, and then wash the seedlings with clean water.When the temperature difference between day and night is large and the night temperature is below 8℃ at night, insulation and heating measures such as laying non-woven fabrics and charcoal stoves should be taken; after 8 am, ventilation should be carried out in time to refine seedlings to avoid the occurrence of green wilt. Spraying Wanguo Fertilizer to improve the quality of the seedlings and play a role in resisting low temperature and cold damage.
2. Temperature management: It is better to be low than high in temperature management. The thermometer (two pieces) in the greenhouse must be placed correctly. After the rank seedlings are unearthed, the thermometer is always placed 1 cm of the seedlings; the bed surface is optimal for 25-28℃ during the seed root development period; the first complete leaf extension period is optimal for 1 leaf tip 22-25℃; the second leaf tip is optimal for 22-24℃ during the milk-free period, and the third leaf tip is optimal for 20-22℃, especially in the 2.5 leaf phase, the temperature does not exceed 25℃ to prevent premature ear phenomenon.
3. Water management: It is better to have less water management than more. "Three-view" watering to promote the development of dry rooting systems. The seed root development period will replenish moisture in the dry areas and disperse moisture in the wet areas. Before uncovering the membrane, crush the soil on the top cover, and cover the soil on the exposed seeds to replenish water; for the first time, the leaves are completely extended, except for the seed bed being over dry, and watering is generally less or no watering to keep the seed bed in a drought state. The "three views" of watering during the milking period. If the seedling bed is dry and insufficient soil moisture, it must be watered before 8 o'clock in the morning and water thoroughly at one time. The water must be used after heating in the drying pool. Watering is prohibited at noon and at night.
4. Nutrient management: In order to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings, top dressing twice in the 1.5 leaf stage and 2.5 leaf stage of seedlings, top dressing once every 7 to 10 days, each time, 1 gram of pure nitrogen per dish, such as 25 to 30 grams per square meter of ammonium sulfate or 312 to 15 grams per square meter of urea html. Stem and leaf spray (100 times the water is sprayed with a spray pump or sprayer to ensure sufficient water) or spreading method. One of the methods can be used to fertilize the seedlings with clean water to prevent the seedlings from being burned with fertilizer. You cannot water before top dressing, so as not to contain too much water in the bed soil and the fertilizer and water cannot seep in. Top dressing must be uniform and uniform; you can also spray brewed rice vinegar or Wanguo amino acid liquid fertilizer (Wanguo's new generation Wanjiabao fine product) on the leaves during this period. You can also use seedling bed liquid silicon fertilizer to enhance the stress resistance of rice. 3 to 4 days before transplanting, water control should be used to squat the seedlings. The "three belts" measures are 100% implemented, and fertilizer: apply 125-150 grams per square meter of diammonium phosphate the day before transplanting, and lift as much as possible. If the diammonium concentration is too high, it is easy to cause seedling burning. When applying fertilizer, pay attention to the moisture of the seedling leaves. When there are water droplets on the leaves, the fertilizer will easily stick to the leaves, resulting in the seedling burning. Watering a small amount of water after fertilization can cause the diammonium on the leaves to fall on the bed. Second, it can make the diammonium stick to the soil to prevent the loss of the diammonium transported from the seedlings.
6. Technical standards for rice transplanting during rice transplanting
1. Prepare
2. Check the transplanting machine before inserting. Before planting, the rice transplanter should be tried and debugged, inspected and maintained, and the efficiency and role of the rice transplanter should be fully utilized.
3. Do a good job of seedling bed management before inserting. 3 to 4 days before transplanting, water should be controlled and squatted in the seedlings should be ventilated day and night. Enhance the stress resistance of seedlings and improve the quality of seedlings.
4, Honda closed. Select safe and efficient herbicides for sealing agents, and implement staged sealing 5 to 7 days before insertion. The application of the clean water layer and the application of the turbid water layer should be distinguished. The water naturally settles until the flower reaches the water and plantes the seedlings to ensure the sealing effect. Use poisonous soil method or spraying medicine, and the water layer is kept for 3-5 cm after sealing, and retained water for 5 to 7 days to ensure the effect of sealing and extermination. For the prevention and treatment techniques of chemical formula and refractory weeds, please refer to "Diagnostic Plant Protection Technology for Leaf Age in Cold Land Rice" and so on.
5. Standard for transplanting during the insertion period
is stable through 13℃ at the local temperature and the ground temperature reaches 14℃. The start of transplanting is around May 10, the end of the eastward date is around May 25, and the high-yield transplanting period is from May 15 to 25.
6, rice transplanting standards
mechanical rice transplanting quality standards are early, dense, shallow, uniform, straight, and full. Early: Do early insertion in time; Tight: Reasonably tightly plant, adopt a row spacing of 30 cm x plant spacing of 10-13.3 cm, 25-33 acupoints per square meter, 5-7 plants per acupoint; shallow: control the depth of the insertion narrowness to about 2 cm, and the depth does not exceed 3 cm. The temperature of the shallow insertion mud is high, the ventilation is good, and the nutrients are sufficient, which is conducive to rooting and regaining the green part. If the insertion depth is less than 1 cm, it is easy to float, disperse, and fall down. There are many ears but small ears, so it is not resistant to falling.If the insertion depth is greater than 3 cm, it will inhibit the seedling greening and tillering. Especially the tillering in the low-level nodes is significantly inhibited, the growth and division of the high-level nodes will increase, the tillering is delayed, the tillering quality is poor, and the seedling depth will become stiff. When the depth of transplanting is about 2 cm, there will be no seedlings or rinsing seedlings. The plants have many roots, grow strongly, and have strong pulverization. Therefore, the depth of mechanical rice transplanting is controlled at about 2 cm; the depth of artificial rice transplanting is 1 to 1.5 cm; sync: the depth and shallowness of planting are flush, and no seedlings or cut off-headed seedlings are inserted; uniform: the number of seedlings, row spacing and plant spacing are uniform; sync: the autumn seedlings are planted in a straight line, and do not fall in a crooked way; straight: the insertion should be straight, and the distance between the holes is regular; full: the sowing order is to be rank to the end.
7. Before mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings, adjust the water layer of the grid field to about 1 cm (the field surface is in a state of water). If the water on the field is too low, it is difficult to walk, and the claws of the seedlings are prone to stick to mud, and the seedlings are clamped, and the seedlings are easily filled with debris, and the seedlings are uneven and uneven, and even the seedlings are broken, resulting in serious seedling shortage and planting injuries. The water on the field surface is too deep, the seedlings are not upright, the depth and shallowness of the seedlings are uneven, and there are many seedlings that are lacking in floating seedlings. It is easy to push the seedlings and press the seedlings during the walking process of the rank machine, and the quality of the seedlings cannot be guaranteed.
8. Check the Honda slurry before inserting. When transplanting, the hardness of the field surface is to draw a deep groove into the field surface (about 2 cm) with the index finger, and the surrounding soft slurry is slowly closed, which is the best transplanting state. If the sedimentation is not good, the field surface is too thin and soft, the seedlings cannot be planted firmly, and the standing seedlings are in a mess, the seedlings are pushed by the seedlings (sourcing phenomenon), and the seedlings are prone to sink after planting, which affects the slow seedlings and tillering growth. The hardness of the field surface is too large, and the resistance to transplanting is large, which can easily damage the seedlings. The depth of the seedlings becomes shallow, and the traces cannot be closed in time after planting, resulting in the floating seedlings and lack of seedlings.
9. Carefully formulate a plan to plant autumn and plant rice seedlings in sequence. Combining autumn, running autumn and planting autumn to prevent drying seedlings at noon and not plant overnight seedlings. During the seedling transport process, try to minimize damage to seedlings. You can use transport trucks, seedling racks and other equipment to transport them directly to the near the autumn planter. Take Obito transplantation to reduce root breakage, planting injuries and wilting. When adding seedlings, avoid deforming and breaking the leaves to avoid throwing holes and few seedlings. Do not soak the leaves in water by dirt or rolling for too long to avoid damaging the seedlings. When planting rice seedlings, you should start from the bottom of the rice field and gradually push
toward the top. After the next grid field is planted, the water from the previous grid field is put into the next grid field as seedling protection water. In this way, water is saved, water temperature is increased, and fertilizer loss is reduced.
10. The quality of seedlings of suitable age is great. The quality of seedlings during the transplanting period has a great impact on the seedlings' greening and leaf separation. Generally, it is required that machine-planting early seedlings have a autumn age of 3.1-3.5, and the leaves are more than 30 days old. The roots are white and vigorous, the flat cattails are thick, the leaves are straight and green, the autumn age is appropriate, neat and uniform, the dry matter weight is high, and the stress resistance is strong. Such seedlings will return quickly after planting, divide early and grow vigorously. The seedlings with poor quality grow only, after transplanting the seedlings, the leaves are pulled on the water surface, which are very susceptible to the harm of latent leaf flies, and the leaves rot quickly. Even if the leaves are kept intact, the leaves stand upright very slowly after the water withdrawal, and the seedlings are slow and the greening returns are slow. If there are adverse environmental conditions, the rate of dead leaves and seedlings is high.
11. Reasonably plant densely. The density of autumn planting (basic seedlings per square meter) should be determined based on comprehensive factors such as soil fertility status, seedling quality, climatic conditions, and wall planting level. The basic seedlings per unit area should be 1/4 to 1/5 of the planned number of ears (more than 600 ears harvested in square meter). Generally, the soil is fertile, high fertilization level, strong fertilizer supply capacity, good seedling quality, and good climatic conditions can be appropriately sparsely inserted. The basic number of seedlings in square meters should not be too many. Generally, it is more suitable to be 125 plants/square meter. The range of changes is controlled between 110 and 150 plants/square meter. The distance between the line and acupoints is 30X×12 cm in the early stage, and the later stage is mainly 30×10 cm, with 5 to 7 plants/square meter, and the number of acupoints is 30 to 33 acupoints/square meter. The soil with relatively poor soil, poor fertilizer supply capacity and poor climatic conditions can be appropriately increased by the density. It is more appropriate to control the basic seedling number of square meters to 140 plants/square meter, and the range of variation is 120 to 150 plants/square meter. The distance between the lines and holes is 30×10 cm or 23.8X12 cm, 6 to 7 plants/square meter, and the number of holes is 28 to 30 acupoints/square meter.
12. After insertion, the seedling water should be immediately added after insertion. The depth of the seedling water layer should not exceed the heart leaves. It should play a role in preventing sunlight and wilting, preventing cold damage and and frost damage, promoting rebirth, and promoting early rebirth of seedlings, early separation of leaves, and early growth and rapid development. When the surface water reaches water at room temperature, the number of days required for seedlings to return green is 9 to 10 days; when the water depth of the seedlings is 2 cm, the number of days required for seedlings to return green is 6 to 7 days; when the water depth of the seedlings to return green is 4 to 5 days. When the depth of the seedling water layer does not exceed the heart leaves, the plant height increases by 1 cm for every 2 cm increase in the seedling water depth, and the number of roots increases by about 2.
13. Apply tomb fertilizer and replenish seedlings immediately after the seedlings return to green 3 to 5 days after insertion. The amount of fertilizer applied is 30% of the total fertilizer. Among them, 80% of the total fertilizer is applied 4 to 5 days after inserting, and the other 20% (about 1 kg of urea/mu) will be used in the whole field after 7 to 9 days. The amount of fertilizer applied will be carried out, which will promote the fertilizer effect reaction in the 6-7 leaf stage (effectively divided into leaf leaf positions), which will promote early division, fast division, and multiple divisions of autumn seedlings, and less invalid divisions. In order to prolong the fertilizer effectiveness, ammonium sulfate and urea can be used in mixture, and 3 kg of ammonium sulfate can be used instead of 1 kg of urea. Before fertilizing, the water layer on the field must be about 3 to 5 cm.
14, seal the weeds and wipe them out 15 to 20 days after insertion. After the sealing, the water layer is kept for 3 to 5 cm and water is retained for 5 to 7 days; use medicine for one pool and one pool, with a volume of 15 liters/mu to ensure the effect of sealing and extermination. Use poisonous soil method or spraying medicine, and the water layer is kept for 3 to 5 cm after sealing, and retained water for 5 to 7 days to ensure the effect of sealing and extermination.
7. Rice Honda fertilization management
1. Leaf fertilizer: Apply in two times, apply about 3 kg of urea for the first time, and apply it immediately after the greening is turned. 2 kg of instant ammonium sulfate can be used instead of 1 kg of urea to accelerate the fertilizer effect reaction. The second time the tillering fertilizer is applied 1 to 2 kg/mu, and it is applied during the 5-year age of leaf aging after rebirth. It is recommended to spray the special medicinal fertilizer essence for Wanguo rice to enhance the tillering ability. By top dressing and leveling the field surface, fertilizing 3 cm of shallow water layer, no irrigation or discharge after application, the fertilizer water
seeps into the soil and then irrigates normally.
2. Regulating fertilizer: 1~1.5 kg/mu of urea. Application was performed at 7.1-8 leaf age period (around June 20). Control the amount of fertilizer and look at the growth of the field. Do not blindly increase the amount of fertilizer.
3. Pier fertilizer: 2-3 kg/mu of urea, 3-5 kg/mu of potassium chloride. Application was performed at 9.1-9.5 leaf age (when 80% of the stems in the whole field is about 0.5 cm). We must "three-point" fertilizer, apply 3 cm of shallow water layer, and continue to use intermittent irrigation after it naturally falls dry.
4. Grain fertilizer: 1 to 1.5 kg/mu of urea, applied within 15 days after earing, mainly to see if the leaf color fades. If the leaf color after earing is lighter than during earing, granular fertilizer should be applied. Wanjiabao No. 2 can also be used instead of granular fertilizer.
5. Rice Honda water layer management, comprehensive heating measures: the area of the sun pool accounts for more than 2% of the well irrigation planting area. Comprehensive heating measures such as loose water tanks, long channels, partition wall-type drying pools, stacked water plates, channel coatings, wide shallow channels, and return water irrigation are used to ensure that the water temperature of rice entering the field in the tillering period in June is above 15℃, the water temperature of rice entering the field in the long ear period in July is above 17℃, the water temperature of rice entering the field in the meiosis period is above 18℃, and the water temperature of rice entering the field in the fruit period in August is above 20℃.
6. After the rice returns to green, intermittent irrigation is mainly done by "shallow one wet one dry"; 3 to 5 cm of shallow water is irrigated in stages, shallow water is used to increase the heat and promote leaf, grow early and quickly. When the field surface is unwell, 3 to 5 cm of shallow water is irrigated, and the cycle is repeated to the critical period of the tomb division. The period can be optionally dried 2 to 3 times to promote the exchange of soil tillage gas. When the effective critical leaf position (11-leaf varieties, 7-leaf leaves, 12-leaf varieties, 8-leaf leaves), when the number of stems in the field reaches 80% of the planned stems, the water will be evacuated for 5 to 7 days, and the occurrence of invalid tillering will be controlled. The standard is that the surface is wet or the surface is white and the matchstick is slightly cracked. Then enter the 3-5 cm water layer and stop irrigating, let it dry naturally until there is no water on the surface and there is still shallow water in the foot, then irrigate the 3-5 cm water layer, and repeat this. If there is no low temperature and cold damage, and the fields will be dried for 1 to 2 days 3 to 4 days before the ears are released, the purpose is to continuously ventilate into the soil, increase the oxygen content in the soil, increase the vitality of the rice root system, and to ventilate water, nourish roots with air, protect leaves with roots, and ensure production with leaves. When the ear-out period enters the ear-out period, keep the water layer 3 to 5 cm. After the ear-out period is level, transfer from the shallow water layer to intermittent irrigation. For more than 30 days after the ear-out period, stop irrigation and drainage in the end of wax ripening stage and start to dry.Strictly prevent deep water flooding and irrigation. For some low-lying areas, force drainage, increase the number of drying fields, enhance root vitality, and improve their resistance to lodging and disease (especially rice blast). The irrigation will be stopped around September 5th.
7. Drying fields when bubbles appear in the fields: After July and August, the temperature gradually rises. When some fields (especially straw return to the field, long-term flooded plots, and plots with a large amount of sulfate fertilizer) appear, water should be spread in time to dry the fields, gas exchange, and toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methane in the fields should be discharged, so as to increase the oxygen content of the soil, promote root development, oxygen expansion and strengthen roots, nourish roots and preserve leaves, ensure the area of the last four green leaves, and improve photosynthetic production capacity.
8. Pad the water outlet and replace the water inlet: Pad the water outlet in time after transplanting the rice seedlings, with a height of 5 cm to prevent the rainfall in the field from flooding the rice seedlings from flooding. If well irrigation is the main focus, low water temperature affects rice growth. When irrigating after insertion, the water inlet should be replaced frequently to avoid using a water inlet for a long time, causing the rice to be greedy and late to ripen, and reducing the yield and quality of rice.
9. The entire rice production process (except for preventing cold damage), the phenomenon of flooding or maintaining a deep water layer of more than 5 cm should not occur.
10, Rice tillering control management
When the number of stems per mu of rice fields reaches 80% of the planned stems, the fields will be dried, or during the critical period of effective leaf separation (11 leaf varieties 7.5 leaf age, around June 25; 12 leaf varieties 8 leaf age, around June 28), the fields will be dried for 5 to 7 days, and the fields will be dried for 5 to 7 days, and the fields will be dried for 5 to 7 days. If the growth volume is large in the early stage and there are many tillers, the number of stems in the field should be used as the standard and the fields should be dried in advance. The standard is that when the field reaches 80% of the planned number of stems (400,000 to 420,000 plants/mu) in the field (at an average of 25 acupoints/square meter, the effective number of stems per acupoint reaches 19 to 20, that is, the number of stems reaches 500 acupoints/square meter), and start to dry the fields and control the tillering. For plots with good growth and strong fertility, increase the intensity of drying the fields and express large cracks (about 0.5 cm) to achieve the goal of controlling the east. The fields with poor growth and weak fertility will reach a minor crack on the surface and cover a small amount of water.
11. Rice cold damage prevention
0 Rice sword leaf ear spacing between the ears is positive and minus 5 cm. If the temperature is below 17C, the deep water is irrigated above 18°C and more than 20 cm to prevent obstacle-type cold damage. If there is no water that meets the temperature requirements, deep water prevents cold damage.
can now also use biological bacteria agents to improve the cold resistance of rice and prevent cold damage. It is recommended to use a series of bacterial fertilizers from Baoding Wanguo, such as rice seedlings, medicinal fertilizer essence, etc.
12. Application of rice leaf age diagnostic technology. Leaf age diagnosis technology is used throughout the process. Leaf age markings should be set up in the fields, and 2-3 observation points should be set up for each field. Standard field management is achieved according to the specific diagnostic criteria for different leaf ages.
13. Rice fitness disease prevention technology
carries out disease prevention and control according to the best period for the prevention and control of various diseases. The coordinated prevention and control of chemical pesticides and biological pesticides is mainly used, and multiple complex formulations are used to prevent mixed diseases in the field, while also paying attention to cost calculations. Foliar fertilizer can be sprayed in combination with the foliar surface, but pay attention to whether the effectiveness of the substance is affected when the two or more substances are mixed. Disease prevention and control is carried out according to weather conditions and weather forecasts, and the number of medications is increased or decreased and the formulation is adjusted. 1. When the rice leaves are exposed to half of its growth, the first time the medicine is applied, it mainly prevents and controls streak blight, leaf plague, quash leaf spot disease, and bacterial brown-type disease; it mainly uses broad-spectrum reagents and protective agents, such as 50% wormwood suspension, 75% tricyclazole, 25% fresh amine, etc., or choose a compound preparation of 70% rice, or 75% to prevent multiple diseases, and choose a leaf fertilizer to enhance cold resistance and improve rice stress resistance. 2. The second time the medicine is applied between the ear pregnancy stage of rice to the rupture stage, mainly to prevent and control streak blight, sheath rot, ear neck plague, brown ear, quash leaf disease, and bacterial brown spot disease. 3. The third time is applied from the ear to the ear stage to the ear 15 days, mainly to prevent and control browning, ear neck plague, branch plague, granular plague, sesame leaf spot disease, and bacterial brown spot disease; the second and third time, 70% rice soup 50g/mu + 3% polyantimycin 100ml/mu, 20% rice blastamide 60ml/mu + 50% polyantimycin 100g/mu + 3% polyantimycin 100ml/mu, 75% can be used to prevent and control 15g/mu + 3% polyantimycin 100ml/mu.The second time the foliar fertilizer is used mainly potassium dihydrogen phosphate and rice vinegar. Some emblem element fertilizers that promote flowers and protect flowers can be added. Foliar fertilizers containing a lot of nitrogen should not be used. The third time is the use of leaf fertilizer that protects leaves and promotes roots. 4. When applying the medicine, silicone additives or vegetable oil additives must be added to improve the efficacy of the medicine. Use multi-antimycin to prevent browning and rice blast. We should ensure that there are no blind spots in the prevention and control of diseases, and we should not have a lucky mentality, so as to avoid serious consequences, and focus on preventing and controlling diseases of dead corners and fields. Try not to miss the best period for rice disease prevention and control, and also ensure the atomization effect and prevention and control effect. 5. The prevention of diseases focuses on mixed diseases such as rice blast, pharynx, vegetation blight, browned ears, bacterial brown spots, and shisha leaf spots. Regardless of whether there are or not in the early stage, disease prevention during the ear pregnancies is a routine measure, and disease prevention must be carried out (the pregnancy period refers to the 11-leaf variety being around July 16, and the 12-leaf variety being around July 23). Adjust the number of medications, periods and formulas as appropriate according to weather conditions and disease forecasts.
14. Rice Honda pest control, 1. Rice leaf fly. According to the results of field insect situation surveys in the early and mid-June, 70% pyrocalopin water dispersant 4 to 6 grams per mu or 25% Aktay water dispersant 6 to 8 grams per mu of water should be sprayed. Field water should be discharged before spraying and water should be poured after 1 day of spraying. 2. Rice is carrying mudworm. In the previous sentence of July, cyanthrin (Kung Fu) 15-30 ml/mu or 15-30 ml/mu for foliar spray. 3. Rice borer. Before the larvae are bored or a small amount of bored, 40% poisonous ticks can be sprayed with 75-100 ml/mu and foliar spray.
15, rice and Honda weed control technology
adopts a comprehensive herbicidal technology that mainly uses chemical weeding, and is supplemented by clearing seeds, leveling the land, rational irrigation, artificial weeding, etc. 1. To prevent weeds from removing ground edges and pond ridges, you can use Rongda, Block No. 1 and other chemicals, and spray them with water to prevent damage to Honda rice. The best time for the ridge to be closed is to end the water preparation, the end of the transplanting process, the critical period of effective tillering, and the application of ear fertilizer for 3 to 4 times. 2. Mainly eliminate barnyard grass, yujiuhua, albicans, citrus mushrooms, sedge grass, etc. After the seedling is closed, you can choose the formula 60% Marshat emulsion oil 100-133 ml plus 10% ethersulfuron wettable powder 20 grams, 30% barnyard phosphorus 60-70 ml plus 10% grass nemesis wettable powder 6.7 grams. After transplanting, the toxic soil method is applied 15-20 days, and the water layer is 3-5 cm retains water for 5-7 days. 3. Apply the medicine after seedlings, and prevent the use of 50% dichloroquinolinic acid wettable powder 50g/mu, mainly older barnyard grasses with 4 leaves or more. 4. For those mainly citrus mushrooms and albicans, 48% cypress (Paicao Dan) can be used to spray them after they are all out. 100 ml of 48% pine (Paicao Dan) plus 56% dimethyltetrachloride 30-50 ml of grass, spray it after the grass is fully discharged. These two formulas, remove the shallow water layer before applying the medicine, so that the weeds can be exposed to the water surface, and then the water is managed normally 24 hours later. Before the 5-leaf stage of Cimu, 2.5% pentafluorosulforamide (Daojie) oil suspension agent can also be used for prevention and removal.
8. Technical standards for long-term rice ear management
1. Rice fertilization management for long-term ear fertilizer. The purpose of applying ear fertilizer is mainly to increase the number of flower flowers and prevent its degradation, laying a solid foundation for timely and safe earing, improving fruiting rate and grain weight. Generally, there are two types of ear fertilizer: flower-promoting fertilizer and flower-promoting fertilizer. The judgment of the application period of ear fertilizer is applied when the 2 leaves grow about half, 11 leaf varieties have 9.5 leaf stages, and 12 leaf varieties have 10.5 leaf stages. The purpose is to make fertilizer effect see the differentiation stage of the flower and the meiosis stage to prevent the flower from deteriorating and expand the shell volume.
2. When applying fertilization, you should check the three things. First, see the yellow joints, and the leaves will not apply until they fade. When the leaves are fade, they will apply; second, see if the bottom leaves have withered. If there is wither, it means that the root system is damaged. You can first remove the water and dry the fields to strengthen the roots, and then apply fertilizer; third, see if there is any disease in the rice (rice blast). If there is any disease, you can use medicine to prevent and treat them first, and then apply ear fertilizer. If the leaf color has not faded during the second period. You can use the seedlings when the tip of a leaf (sword leaf) is exposed.
3. The ear fertilizer is designed according to the overall fertilization. nitrogen fertilizer uses 20% of the total amount of the whole fertilization period (about 3 kg of urea), and potassium fertilizer is 30 to 40% of the total amount of the whole fertilization period (about 5 kg of potassium chloride).Ear fertilizer is a fertilizer that regulates long-term growth during the long-term ear. About 30 days before earing, the number of stems is more than the planned number of stems, and the number of grains is also higher. At this time, the first ear fertilizer 20 days before earing (about 1 and a half of the leaves grow) should be applied after being dragged. If there are too many flowers and poor fruits, the ear pregnancies before heading (after the sword leaf pillow is drawn out) can be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and brewed rice vinegar to promote heading, increase the fruiting rate, and increase the grain weight.
4. If the nutritional growth is insufficient in the early stage, 2 kilograms of urea can be applied after drying the field to regulate growth and promote flowering.
5. Rice long-eared aquatic layer management and long-eared irrigation management must be adjusted in a timely manner according to the physiological and ecological water requirements of rice, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening roots, increasing temperature, preventing harm, ensuring the strong growth of rice, safe heading, and stable and high yield.
6. During the period before the differentiation of young ears to the point of the sword leaves, intermittent irrigation is mainly used, which not only supplies necessary water to the rice, but also replenishes oxygen to the soil to discharge harmful gases that occur in the soil. Shallow water irrigation means irrigating 3 to 5 cm water layer at one time, and this is repeated. At this time, a 5-cm high water limit outlet should be set up in the pond ridge in the field. When there is heavy rainfall or a lot of irrigation, it can be automatically discharged to prevent continuous deep water flooding and irrigation, and do not replenish oxygen to the root system, and "root pads" and black root phenomena will occur.
7. During the long ear period, rice in cold areas should not only strengthen its roots and poles, ensure large ears and many grains, but also timely defend against low temperature and cold damage. This is the characteristic of local irrigation technology. When the sword leaf is partially drawn out, pour about 10 cm of water layer to prepare for defense against obstacle-type cold damage. When the distance between the ears of the sword leaf leaf leaf leaf ears is positive and minus 5 cm, that is, within 8 to 14 days before the ears, if there is a low temperature below 17°C, the water layer should be increased to more than 17 cm to defend against obstacle-type cold damage. After this period, shallow water irrigation will be restored. If there are plots with excessive birth and dark leaves, 4 to 5 days before heading, the fields can be properly dried or dried to promote root development, prevent lodging, and early ears. The well irrigation area should increase the water temperature to above 18℃, and then irrigate deep water to prevent cold damage.
8. Pest and weed prevention technology for long-term rice pest and weeds. A. Focus on preventing neck plague. Comprehensive application of medicine is adopted during the ear pregnancies of rice and combined with Wanguowen Kubike, Rice Hair Grout King, etc. for fitness and disease prevention. The period is from the early stage, the end stage of rice ear pregnancies to the heading stage. While preventing the ear neck plague, pay attention to preventing the occurrence of diseases such as browning, spike blight, and other diseases. Antibiotics are added to the formula to prevent and control them. B. The main pests include rice borer, also known as rice borer, green ruler, and rice dumpling worm. They cause damage from mid-to-late July to early and mid-August. The larvae hide in the middle and lower part of the rice bushes during the day and come out in the evening to cause damage. The initial larvae chew on the meat of the leaves along the leaf veins, forming white stripes. After the third instar, the food intake increased greatly, and the leaves were bitten into many missing pieces. After the larvae mature, they spin silk at the tip of the rice leaves and fold the leaves to make a triangular leaf bud, which is zongzi-shaped. Then they bite off the leaves, and the insect buds fall into the field, pupate in the bud, and then turn into adult insects. Prevention and control measures: Use light to lure E to hunt, eliminate insect-bearing straw, eliminate overwintering insect pupa, and apply medicine before the third instar period to prevent and control it. Use 10-20 ml of 2.5% kung fu emulsion, or 1000 times the solution of 50% monsoon emulsion, or 1000 times the solution of 40% legu emulsion, and spray it with about 75 kg per mu.
9. The weeding operation in the field during the long-sized period is basically east, but the residual weeds and weeds on the ridges cannot be ignored. The field grass and barnyards should be removed in time, especially broad-leaved weeds such as citrus mushrooms and sedge family weeds. It is necessary to remove them manually in time, cut the weeds on the ridges and dikes, keep the fields clean, prevent the repeated spread of weeds, and effectively reduce bacteria and insect sources, creating good ventilation and light-transmissive conditions for rice growth.
10, Technical standards for rice harvesting, drying and storage
Rice harvesting for at least 35 days after the ears are released, the accumulated temperature of the rice reaches above 750℃, and when the maturity standard reaches more than 95% of the shell turns yellow, the grains become firm, the rice becomes transparent, or more than 95% of the spikelets turn yellow), harvesting is carried out appropriately.
Seed harvesting and storage Use a semi-in rice harvester to harvest and reduce the rate of brown rice. After harvesting, the seeds are cleaned, dried, dehumidified, roughened, processed, coated, packaged, and stored in a timely manner. When the seeds are less than 14.5%, the seeds are in stock, and when the moisture content is greater than 14.5%, the warm storage is stored.
The commercial grain is harvested for more than 40 days after the rice is eared, and the accumulated temperature is above 850℃. Most ears turn yellow, small axles and protective axles turn yellow, and the ripening rate of rice yellowing is more than 95%.
Source: National Science Popularization and Farmer Green Channel Office
