diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (DPT) - prevent pertussis , diphtheria, tetanus !
The baby is 3 months old, it’s time to get the diphtheria, tetanus and dysplasia vaccine!
However, what are the precautions for vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus vaccine? What should I do if I get fever after getting vaccinated? If you have something delayed and you are not vaccinated on time, how should you make up for it...
01 What is diphtheria, tetanus and destruction?
WHO and United Nations Children's Fund said on July 15 that preliminary data showed that
was affected by the new crown epidemic. In the first four months of 2020, the number of children who completed three doses of diphtheria, tetanus and tetanus vaccination decreased significantly. This is the first time in the world that the diphtheria, tetanus and tetanus vaccination rate has declined.
This vaccine is also an important indicator to measure the overall immunity rate among countries and countries.
Why is diphtheria, tetanus and destruction vaccine so important? Because it can prevent 3 diseases:
■ 100: pertussis, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by bautebacterium pertussis. It is mainly transmitted through droplets and is extremely contagious; it can be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis, which is the main cause of infant death.
■ white: diphtheria, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Gram-positive Corynebacterium diphtheria; the clinical feature is the symptoms of poisoning caused by exotoxin of diphtheria Bacillus diphtheria, and is an infectious disease that poses great threat to children's health.
■ break: tetanus is a disease caused by tetanus infection of traumatic sites. Tetanus invades the wound, causing symptoms of nervous system poisoning, characterized by symptoms of muscle ankylosing and paroxysmal spasm, can eventually die of asphyxiation and heart failure, and have a high mortality rate.
Note that these three diseases are generally susceptible to people. In addition to babies, teenagers and adults may also be infected.
02 So, how to get the vaccine?
adsorbent cell-free diphtheria and tetanus vaccine is the first type of vaccine, it is a vaccine that is required to be given to children for free, and it is one of the essential and important vaccinations in the children's vaccination program. Diphtheria and Tetanus vaccine has been proven by years of practice at home and abroad that it has a good preventive effect on three infectious diseases: pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus.
vaccination procedure is to receive one dose at 3, 4 and 5 months of birth at , and 1 dose at 18 months of age to strengthen immunity at .
03 After the injection, don’t rush to leave
According to the requirements of the “ Vaccination Work Standards ” (2016 edition), the vaccinated doctor should inform the recipient or his guardian. After is vaccinated, he will stay on the site for and observe for 30 minutes.
Due to individual differences, a very small number of children will be allergic to vaccines or certain components of the vaccine. They will have abnormal respiratory and circulatory functions within a short period of time after vaccination, which is manifested as critical symptoms of allergic shock such as shortness of breath, pale complexion, and rash on the skin. Once an emergency occurs, emergency doctors are required to fight every second and rescue them in time so that they will not be in danger of life.
04 What should I do if I have a fever after receiving the diphtheria, tetanus and dysfunction vaccine?
A few children may experience fever after being vaccinated. When their body temperature is ≤37.5℃, they should strengthen observation of the changes in the child's condition, rest appropriately, eat some nutritious and easy to digest food, and feed more water.
body temperature is 37.5℃ or ≤37.5℃, accompanied by other systemic symptoms, abnormal crying, etc., you should seek medical treatment in time to prevent high fever convulsions.
05 What should I do if I get the diphtheria, tetanus and dysfunction vaccine appear redness, swelling and nodules?
Because the diphtheria and tetanus vaccine contains aluminum hydroxide adsorbent, it precipitates after being placed, has weaknesses such as large particles and difficulty in absorbing local tissues. After being injected into the child through intramuscular injection, it is very easy to have adverse reactions such as swelling and pain, and itchy and pain. Moreover, its symptoms disappear slowly, and it usually takes about a week to completely disappear. Therefore, remember to shake well before using the vaccine.
Generally speaking, after vaccination, you should avoid rubbing the vaccination site when taking care of infants and young children on the same day. Local reactions with a diameter of redness and swelling and hardness <1.5cm>
Another method is to peel and clean the fresh potatoes and cut them into 3cm thick slices. The thick slices of the potatoes should be greater than the area of the redness, swelling, and hot pain. Apply for 30 minutes each time, 3 times a day, with 2 hours apart each time. This method can promote the regression rate of adverse reactions and accelerate the recovery of [4].
06 If you missed the vaccination time, how can you get the diphtheria, tetanus and dysfunction vaccine?
(1) Children who have not completed the prescribed doses of diphtheria, tetanus and rupture combined vaccine in 3 months to 5 years old need to re-use the unfinished doses. The interval between the first 3 doses is ≥28 days, and the interval between the fourth and third doses is ≥6 months.
(2) Children who have received diphtheria, tetanus and tetanus vaccine and tetanus vaccine for a total of less than 3 doses will be given in children with tetanus vaccine for 3 doses; the second dose and the first dose are separated by 1-2 months, and the third dose and the second dose are separated by 6-12 months.
(3) Select the vaccine type according to the age at re-injection. Use diphtheria and tetanus combined vaccine for 3 months to 5 years old, and use adsorbent diphtheria and tetanus combined vaccine for ≥6 years old.
07 Note that these people cannot receive diphtheria, tetanus and dysfunction vaccine!
(1) People who are known to be allergic to any component of this vaccine.
(2) People suffering from acute diseases, severe chronic diseases, acute attacks of chronic diseases and fever.
(3) People with encephalopathy, uncontrolled epilepsy and other progressive neurological diseases.
(4) A neurological reaction occurs after injection of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus vaccines.
08 Alternative solution for diphtheria and tetanus vaccine
If you encounter a shortage of vaccines, vaccinating children one day later means that the risk of infection is increased, so you can choose a second-class vaccine to replace
(1) Pentacle vaccine (diphtheria and tetanus - inactivated polio - Hib)
vaccination subject: infants and young children 2 months old and above
immunization procedure: 4 doses of vaccination (1 dose for 2, 3 months old and 18 months old)
(2) Quadrilateral vaccine (diphtheria and tetanus - Hib)
vaccination subject: 3 months old and Immunization procedure for infants and young children: 4 doses (1 dose for 3, 4, 5 months and 18-24 months of age)
References:
[1] Ning Guijun, Gao Yuan, Wu Dan, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in China from 2011 to 2017 Analysis [J]. China Vaccine and Immunization, 2018, 24 (3): 264-267, 273
[2] Ning Guijun, Wu Dan, Li Junhong, et al. Analysis of the global level of immune prevention and incidence of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis from 2010 to 2014 [J]. China Vaccine and Immunization, 2016, 22 (2): 159-164
[3] Ning Guijun, Gao Yuan, Xia Wei, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of neonatal tetanus in China from 2010 to 2017 [J]. Chinese Vaccines and Immunization, 2018, 24 (4): 379-382
[4] Huang Yongtai. Evaluation of the efficacy of potato external application on adverse reactions to diphtheria and tetanus vaccination in children [J]. Friends of Health, 2019, (24): 151
This article was first published: Medical Pediatric Channel
Author of this article: Jiangsu Shengze Community Health Service Center Preventive Health Department Jin Mengjiao
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