Tang Dynasty , a dynasty that makes people yearn for. From the beginning of the founding of the Tang Dynasty to the Anshi Rebellion, the country was stable, prosperous, political and harmonious, and cultural attention was paid. Under such a social background, the people live and work in peace, the nobles sing and dance to peace, and the officials have banquets and entertainment are even more common. Wine naturally appears in these scenes, playing an important role in the excitement; poets use wine to help them liven up, writing famous poems from all ages one by one, which will be remembered for future generations. There are 40,000 Tang poems, and 7,000 wine poems.
Poetry culture is showing an unprecedented prosperity, and the development of wine culture is self-evident.
Famous paintings about the Tang Dynasty
Detailed savory refers to the government's monopoly system for wine. The government monopolizes winemaking technology and not only set up a department specializing in the management of winemaking, but also has a special store to sell wine. Who is the profit-making industry? But the Tang Dynasty was free and open after all, with political and harmonious politics, and the restrictions on wine were not as strict as imagined~
The joy of royal banquet
The Tang people received wine, and there were three channels. The first channel is to purchase official wine by . I whispered that the quality of official wine is not very good. In a class society, in order to make the top-level people happy, everyone presented the best winemakers. However, some of the wine brewed by the best winemakers are supplied to national sacrifices, and some are supplied to the emperor, becoming "imperial wine". Naturally, the people cannot buy such good wines. In addition, the drawbacks of the official wine industry, monopolizing the industry, without competition, pressure, and without improving the brewing technology, the quality of the wine brewed will definitely not be very good~ Bai Juyi once wrote: "But the method of Zhang Guan wine is changed, and gradually it is from turbid water to make the divine." is called turbid water by the white giant, and the official wine: "Do I want face?"
brewed rice wine
The second channel is private workshop brewing . The pattern of this kind of workshop is often the front and back shops, which are restaurants, hotels, and small wineries that often appear in film and television dramas. It is approachable to the small wine shop. Although he is small, it has attracted countless literati and poets to bow their backs. For example, Poetry Fairy Li Bai is a regular customer of these shops.
Chang'an wine shop
The last channel is home brewing . The first two are for profit purposes, and they are inevitably cut corners. On the contrary, family home brewing all reflects the "craftsman spirit", strictly follow the steps to make wine, or make unique innovations, which shows that home brewing produces more fine wines, and the most representative home brewing in the period is daughter Hong and zhangyuan Hong ! "Bachelor of Doujiu" Wang Ji does not like the government affairs, and has three officials and three secrets. The third time he became an official was when he heard that the Taile Administration showed Jiao Ge was good at brewing wine, so he went to be a Taile Cheng, which was completely Sima Zhao's heart, and he was greedy for Jiao Ge's fine wine. Later, Jiao Ge passed away, and his wife passed away not long after. No one gave each other good wine again, so Wang Ji completely stayed away from the officialdom.
Winemaking
The winemaking industry in the Tang Dynasty has developed rapidly, with many famous wines, as brilliant as stars. According to the "Tang Guoshi Supplement" in Li Zhao , famous wines in the Tang Dynasty include Fushui wine from Yingzhou, Ruojiu from Wucheng, Ruojiu from Xingyang , Tuku Chunjiu from Fuping, Shiwan Chunjiu from Jiannan , Shaochun wine from Hedong, Qianhe wine from Lingnan, Lingxi wine and Boluo wine from HTML , Jiuyuan wine from Xunyang, Shuishi wine from Beijing Chang'an, etc. More than 14. To this day, there are still many famous wines that follow the names of famous wines in the Tang Dynasty. The most typical one is Jiannanchun, which adheres to the inheritance concept of "Tang Dynasty court wine, Jiannanchun in prosperous times". Poetry Fairy Li Bai In order to drink the fine wine Jinling wine, he sold his sable coat to buy wine, leaving behind the story of "removing the sable wine" . Are there few cases like Li Bai who spend a lot of money on famous wines?
Tang Dynasty wine pot
Tang people drink wine, paying attention to interest, and when they consider the wine, there is a strong cultural atmosphere. Wine Poems and Wine Ling are undoubtedly two strange flowers in the Tang Dynasty wine culture. What are the weird ones? Let’s see the editor tell you one by one for all the readers~
Wine Ling Chi Box
It is well known that the Tang Dynasty literati were particularly fond of drinking, either drinking alone, or inviting friends to drink together to relieve sorrows with wine, and use wine to show off, leaving behind many poems and essays with wine as the theme. Wang Ji was adaptable to drinking and wrote " Drunk Hometown " . He imagined that there was a place far away from the world called Drunk Hometown, which was a paradise for those who were friends with wine. He felt that it was a bit like a peach blossom land, saying that the land was flat and the climate was pleasant, and people did not have the same feelings of hatred or anger. At the same time, he also wrote that he was having fun in Drunk Hometown with dozens of people including Ruan Sizong, Tao Yuanming and other dozens of people. These people were famous wine-loving literati in history, and then they kept playing and drinking. After their death, they were buried in Drunk Hometown, and called the imagined drunken companion to Drunk Hometown . Wang Ji was also the first person to call literati a wine fairy in history, and he is a model in the industry.
Wang Ji
Wine immortals emerged in the Tang Dynasty, such as Du Fu , who once wrote "Eight Immortals Songs in Drinking " , calling the He Zhizhang , Li Feng , Li Shizhi , Cui Zongzhi, Su Jin , Li Bai, Zhang Xu, Jiao Sui Eight people are wine immortals, and they are drinking and talking about the drinking of the Eight Immortals. The editor will tell you the story of the two wine immortals here~
Eight Immortals Songs in Drinking
Eight people have lived in Chang'an, and they are all addicted to drinking as their lives, bold and open-minded. The first wine fairy is the oldest and most experienced He Zhizhang . He was in Chang'an "I used to change the golden beetle to drink wine" . He was drunk and riding a horse, shaking, dazzled, and still couldn't sleep well after falling into the well. It can be seen that the drunkenness of the old drunk is really funny and interesting. The second wine fairy refers to King Ruyang Li Feng , who is the nephew of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang . He points out the key points. He is called the number one handsome man of the royal family of . Because Emperor Xuanzong gave him flowers and praised him for his fair skin as jade and his bright skin, he was known as a "flower slave". Emperor Xuanzong favored him very much, so he had the courage to see the emperor again after drinking three dou of wine; when he saw a wine cart on the way to , he would drool at the wine cart. This kind of alcoholism is no wonder Du Fu ranked second wine fairy.
He Zhizhang
In fact, Du Fu is also an old wine fairy, who is so addicted to alcohol. Among the poems that Du Fu has been passed down to this day, there are more than 300 wine poems, accounting for about one-fifth of his total psalms. Du Fu was poor all his life, and he wrote in the seven-character crown, "Hardship, bitterness, frost, and frosty hair, and a new wine glass." It can be seen that his addiction to alcohol is probably to temporarily forget his current situation! "New Book of Tang Dynasty: Biography of Wenyuan" records that when Du Fu was 59 years old, he was trapped by heavy rain by boat by boat. He stayed in Yue Temple for a few days without food and was starved. When the county magistrate rowed a boat to pick him up, he ate meat and drank wine. He was drunk that night and passed away the next day.
In fact, the cause of Du Fu's death is a mystery. There are five views in history. The editor chooses one of them here.
"Ask Liu Shijiu" Bai Juyi
is different from Du Fu, Mr. Zuiyin Bai Juyi Rich duck! Bai Juyi's appetite for alcohol is a mood. It can be seen from this poem that first of all, he does not like drinking alone, and likes to have friends accompany him to drink and have fun, so he invited Liu Shijiu to drink. He also wrote "Wine a friend with a thousand cups, but not a single sentence is too much" ; the second point is to drink a little while. The measurement of wine in this poem is a glass. He also wrote sip in many poems, such as "Wine a glass of wine, looking at the sky and sky" ; the third point is to pursue exquisite wine vessels, here The poem describes the red stove hot wine, and in other poems, they also mentioned exquisite wine utensils such as willow flower bowls, lotus leaf cups, and snail cups. The last point is that he also likes to write mottos after drinking, and the content is often "How to drink to maintain health?" The Bai Ju Lao roughly wrote about: First, "Wine on the New Year's Eve" mentioned that should not blow the cold wind after drinking; second, , "Hi, Spring Cold " wrote: , "Hi, Sickness, Boring, Because of Thoughts", , Don't drink , etc.
Baijuyi
Baijiu is really fresh and refined to drink. In addition to wine poems, he also wrote a wine article in "Praise of Wine and Praise" , which talks about the joy of drinking and praises the merits of wine. "When a hundred thoughts are at peace, it is virtue; when all things are empty, it is merit. I have never eaten all day and never sleep all night, and it is useless to think, so it is better to drink it." Saying that wine can make people worry and happy. The giant wrote nearly 4,000 poems in his life. Among them, there are more than 900 poems of wine . There are so many poems of wine seen in celebrities, let alone other literati and poets?
People in the Tang Dynasty drink
Among the many wine fairies and drinkers in the Tang Dynasty literary world, Li Bai is probably the most famous one. He was addicted to alcohol and wrote many wine poems that express his feelings, including many famous poems that have been passed down through the ages. The editor remembers that there is a wine called the poet Li Bai. People’s inherent impression of Li Bai is probably that Li Bai loves to drink and likes to write poetry after drinking. So here is the cold knowledge. Li Bai was not addicted to alcohol before he was 25 years old. None of Li Bai's works before he was 25 years old were related to alcohol. His poetry and wine life began when he went to Anlu (now in Hubei Province).
Li Bai raising his glass
Yu Guangzhong once commented on Li Bai, which was so vivid. "Wine enters the heart, seven-quarters make the moonlight, and the remaining three-quarters roar into sword energy. When you spit out the mouth, you will be half of the prosperous Tang Dynasty." Li Bai's masterpiece of eternal songs are mostly after the wine is as bold as the heart, and seven-quarters roar into the moonlight, such as "html Drinking Alone Under the Moon under the Moon by himself," " Raise the glass to invite the bright moon, and the shadow becomes three people." three-quarters roar into sword energy, such as "Willing in the Wine" "I am born to be useful, and I will come back after the thousand gold is gone."
Li Bai who drinks
In the Tang Dynasty, poets had various reasons to drink and would record all kinds of moods, such as ecstasy, joy, loneliness, loneliness, sorrow, homesickness, lack of talent, and ambitions that could not be fulfilled... The wine culture also continued to develop in the creation of Tang poetry.
Jiangling is a very interesting game-speaking method in drinking activities. The wine order is used to practice wine, and it determines each other's victory or defeat in various ways recognized by the drinkers. Finally, the winner punishes the loser to drink. There were many types of wine in ancient times, which can be roughly divided into four systems: chipping, yaling, dice, and Tongling . The order for the preparation of the drinker is determined by drawing the lottery. The signing states the drinking rules. Yaling is a literati who is knowledgeable in the test, and has the form of poetry, couplets, words, loops, serials, and hidden heads. The dice order is to roll the dice and drink. Tongling means game orders, such as passing flowers, throwing balls, punching, etc.
Tang Dynasty wine order
The origin of wine order is related to the ancient throwing pot drama. Volume 4 of Zhao Yushi, a native of the Song Dynasty, said in Volume 4 of "Bin Tui Lu": "I say that the wine order begins with the etiquette of throwing pots. Although the system is different, the one that is better than drinking is the same." The etiquette of throwing pots is an ancient ritual in the pre-Qin period, and later evolved into a game during the banquet. The rule is: faces the battle, throwing arrows to the mouth of the long-necked pot, the more hits the winners are the winners, and the less hits are punished to drink alcohol.
Popular pot
The scene of throwing pot and drinking wine is depicted on the stone of the Han Dynasty. The winner of the pot is determined by the winner and loser, which can be regarded as an early alcoholic drink. The term "Jiu Ling" appeared in the Han Dynasty. "Book of Han: Biography of Wang Gui": "During the time of the King of Xiangdong, he was the imperial court and had a banquet with court officials. The rules were the wine orders." The original meaning refers to the wine officer who specialized in supervising the drinking ceremony at the official official banquet of .
Han Dynasty stone carving
Wine Order, as a special name, specifically refers to the drinking game activity, which started from the Tang Dynasty. "Tang Guoshi Supplement" Volume 2 says: "In ancient times, there was a saying that drinking was messy with cups and plates, and the scattered tassels were even worse, but no one could tell the method. In the Linde period of the State, Deng Hongqing, the governor of Bizhou, started to create the four-character dictates of Ping, Suo, Kan, and Jing. When Li Shaoyun was very prepared, it was from top to bottom, and it was appropriate. There were generally laws, heads, throwing and beatings, which were well-made in the pedestals, and were well-fed in the pedestals." It can be seen that the Tang Dynasty's wine orders had many tricks, and the four major types of wine orders that were popular in later generations, namely Chou Ling, Ya Ling, Ji Ling, and Tong Ling, all appeared in the Tang Dynasty.
Tang Dynasty people drank and enjoyed art
A set of Tang Dynasty wine-shaped objects were unearthed from Danyang, Jiangsu Province. The lings engraved on the Lingchou are all collected from the "Analects of Confucius". Literati likes to drink and practice elegant orders. "Jiyi Records" records that the Tang Dynasty prime minister Linghu Chu and Jinshi Gu Feixiong competed with "One-word order". The dice order was widely popular in the Tang Dynasty. "Drunk Hometown Sun and Moon" says: "In the first banquet, dice is first used, and then it is slightly refreshing, and then it goes into the wine order." The Tongling, known for games, was popular among the Tang people. In Bai Juyi's poem "Don't give to others after drunkenness", "The incense ball is checked while the flower cup is thrown and the flower cup is thrown and flew again" describes the game scene of uploading flowers and throwing balls on the wine banquet. It can be believed that the traditional wine system of in Chinese wine culture was formed in the Tang Dynasty.
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Don't forget, the foreign exchanges of the Tang Dynasty were said to be the most prosperous, open and friendly in ancient history. In a broad sense, the Tang Dynasty called all foreigners and foreigners "Hu people", so the influence of its Hu wine on the wine culture of the Tang Dynasty must also exist.
Traditional Chinese wine is brewed with cereal as raw material, while Western Region Hu wine is brewed with fruit as raw material. Hu wine was already present in the Han Dynasty, but it was all tributes from the Western Regions, and the mainland has not yet mastered its brewing technology. Hu wine is rare and precious, and only emperors and powerful people can enjoy it. The popular Hu wines in the Tang Dynasty mainly include Gaochang wine, Persian Sanleju and Longgu wine , etc. "New Book of Tang Dynasty: Biography of Gaochang" records that when Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty was , he introduced the method of making horse milk grapes and wine from , Gaochang State , and successfully brewed eight kinds of wines of color, "spicy and harsh, and savory". The mainland can make wine, which will soon become popular, and ordinary people can also taste this kind of sweet wine. Persian Sanle Sauce is also a fruit wine, made of fruits from the three trees: Anmole, Vili and Halile. Longgu wine is "as black as pure lacquer, it makes people feel refreshed when drinking", and is a Western Region tribute wine of excellent quality.
Hu people
Some people Tang Jing Business foreign businessmen also opened hotels in the mainland. In the downtown area of Tangdu Chang'an City , there are many hotels run by Hu merchants, which the Tang people call "Bar Hu" . The poem "Passing a Restaurant" by the writer Wang Ji says: "If you have money, you must teach me to drink, but if you don't have money, you can't buy it. When you come, you often say it. I am ashamed of the restaurant Hu." Wang Ji likes to go to the restaurant Hu to drink. He is an old customer of the restaurant Hu. He often owes alcohol to the restaurant and is embarrassed. Most of the waiters in the restaurant Huzhong were recruited from the Western Regions, and the Tang people called it "Hu Ji" . The great poet Li Bai is also a frequent visitor to Hu Ji. He admires Hu Ji very much. Some of his poems are written because of this, such as "Youth Travel": "When Wuling is young, the Jinshi City is in the east, and the white horse is in the silver saddle and white horse. Where can I travel when I walk in the fallen flowers, I laugh in Hu Ji's wine market." writes about how to go to Hu Ji's wine market after enjoying the flowers in spring. It is very happy to go to Hu Ji's restaurant to drink. "Sending Pei Shiba to the south to return to Songshan": "Where can you leave? Chang'an Qingqi Gate. Hu Ji is a simple hand and will drink from the golden cup." said goodbye to his friend who is about to travel far away. The restaurant Hu is an ideal place. "There is a wine shop in front of you": "The Hu Ji looks like a flower, and she laughs at the spring breeze. She laughs at the spring breeze and dances in the silk clothes. You will return home if you are not drunk now!" The beautiful Hu Ji smiles and encourages you to drink with dance. The romantic exotic mood makes the drinkers happy and they will stop drunk!
Hu people’s wine shop
The wine culture of the Tang Dynasty is mainly reflected in the relationship between literati and wine. 40,000 Tang poems, and wine poems account for 7,000 . The Tang Dynasty wine culture ends here. Thank you for your reading. I am the author Yuzhou. If you like my articles, please follow our headline account Sujia Wine Cellar . There are the most interesting cultural information every day. You are also welcome to comment and leave your own ideas and opinions! If you have traditional cultural content that you want to know more, please leave a message to tell us, and the editor will "customize" it for you!
