Hello! Hello everyone, today's content sharing is about the topic of "drawing pictures". What do you think of the picture below? Is the content quite rich? What does this picture mean? Do you understand?
design must be familiar with various pictures, but do you understand the composition principles of these pictures and what to express? How to plan and design our design concepts well, and express them through drawings to make them simple and easy to understand, and their logical thinking clear and clear. The composition content is concise and clear so that the other party can understand and understand.
Before the text was born, our ancestors expressed their thoughts in the way of drawing pictures and knotting things, conveying and expressing information
"Four Body Book Strategy": "In the past, in Huangdi , he created objects. Some people who recited Cangjie began to write calligraphy to replace knots. It is said that they saw bird traces to make thoughts. Praise: The history of Huangdi, recited Cangjie , looked at the bird traces and started to write calligraphy. Regularly and conserve all things, respecting laws and regulations. Emperor's Classic HTML uses Xuan, and is a world of writing.
Today we are also using various drawings to convey information and express what we think in our hearts, and we are in harmony with each other. Communication of mutual information. Today's content sharing is about flowcharts, mind maps, UML, topology maps, and ER maps. Well, let's start today's content sharing without saying much.
flowchart can simply describe a process, which is an image representation of processes, algorithms, and processes. It has wide applications in the fields of technical design, communication and business briefing. Flow charts can be divided into: data flowchart and job flowchart .
1, program flowchart function
program flowchart function program flowchart function program flowchart function program flowchart function program flowchart The program flow chart is a description of the methods, ideas or algorithms for solving problems. Advantages of the flow chart of
flow chart:
- uses simple and standardized symbols, and the drawing method is simple;
- has clear structure and strong logic;
- is easy to describe and easy to understand.
What graphic symbols are needed to draw a flow chart:
What is the meaning of flow chart symbols:
In flow charts, some graph frames are usually used to represent various types of operations. Write each step in the graph frame, and then connect them with lines with arrows to indicate the order of execution. Graphic representation algorithms are intuitive and vivid, and easy to understand.
Basic rules for drawing flow charts
program flow chart and ordinary The basic graphics of the flow chart are similar, usually consisting of start and end boxes, processing boxes, process lines, judgment boxes, and output input boxes.
start and end boxes: represents the beginning and end of the program flow, usually only one start box and one end box.
Processing box: represents the content that needs to be executed or processed in the program flow.
flow line: represents the direction and order of the program execution.
judgment box: represents the judgment of a certain condition in the program flow to determine whether to perform a certain operation.
output input Entering the box: represents the input or output of data in the program flow, which is generally used for data processing.
In the above figure, we can clearly see that the flow chart has a set of standard symbols, and the meaning of each symbol is different:
Basic structure of program flow chart
Whether it is a program flow chart or a normal flow chart usually consists of three basic structures: order, selection and loop.
Sequential structure: the simplest of the three major structures of , which means that the flow chart is directly executed in sequence according to the order indicated by the process line;
Selection structure: specifies a condition, judges the content based on the given conditions, and determines the process direction based on the judgment results;
loop structure : repeats a certain operation under specific conditions to determine whether the process continues to execute the repeated content or exits the loop, which is divided into two loop methods: when type and until type.
Program flow chart case
Why do you want to draw a flow chart?
A concise flow chart can not only promote communication between product managers and designers and developers, but also help us check for omissions, avoid functional process and logical omissions, and ensure the integrity of the process. Flow charts can make the idea clearer and the logic clearer, which helps the logic of the program and solve practical problems.
How to draw a flow chart
Several common flow charts
1. Process flow chart
When it comes to tracking various types of details in a business or organization, things always get messy. In this case, a process flowchart can help you organize and visualize your process and illustrate the relationship between the task and the person responsible for performing the task.
process flow chart includes the sequential process of the steps and the decisions required to make the process work. Shapes further represent each step, which are connected by lines. The lines are equipped with arrows to show the movement and direction of the process. The
process flow chart follows the logical flow of information, so that the process of trying to visualize in becomes very clear. The best thing about this type of flowchart is that it is effortless to create.
2. Workflow Chart
Workflow Chart is also similar to process flow charts, which provides a graphical overview of the process attempting to visualize. Like process flow charts, work flow charts use standardized symbols and shapes to display step-by-step processes.
In other words, the process flow chart shows the process of changing the state of the object, while the work flow chart shows the actual changes in the workflow. Using these charts can help employees understand their roles and responsibilities and build more solidarity within different departments.
3. lane flow chart
lane flow chart is also one of the most popular types of flow charts, which shows who is responsible for which part of the process. In this flowchart, each channel acts as a space for a business role or department. It is divided into different channels according to its responsibilities, making it easier for each department to see what they need to accomplish.
So the team found this type of flowchart to be a handy tool that ensures they don't get stuck anywhere in the process. Organizations with multiple departments mainly use swim lane diagrams to illustrate the cooperative business process. However, anyone can use these flowcharts to avoid confusing who owns which part of the process.
4. Data flow chart
Data flow chart is one of the important tools for the structure analysis and design of information system. It is a graphical representation of the data flow of any system or process. It has symbols such as rectangles, circles, and arrows to display data input and output.
These types of flow charts are used for software development and design. However, you can use this flowchart for various other purposes. Use it for business analysis, agile development, business process reengineering, system structure, etc.
Since each process can be broken down in this figure, the relationship between structural components of the same symbol can be displayed in a separate figure.
5. System flow chart
System flow chart describes how the system or program runs and interacts. These types of flow charts are very similar to data flow charts. Like the data flowchart, this flowchart is a way to display data flows in the system.
In addition, it uses symbols to illustrate the data stream and connect them to show what happens to the data and where it flows.However, the significant difference between the two is that the data flowchart only shows the paths, not the decisions.
system flowchart is best used to physically model the system and display inputs, outputs, and processes. Therefore, it is made a useful tool for tracking information while controlling implementation along the way.
6. Decision flow chart
Are you hesitant to make rational choices quickly? Then a decision flowchart can be a useful tool for you, especially when decisions are an integral part of your daily work.
decision flowcharts are one of the most popular ones because they help make decisions in the order they need to be made. It enables you to visualize every possible outcome of the process and ensures that you make the best decisions.
So if you are a business owner, project manager, or any other professional with decision-making responsibilities, you should be well versed in these types of flowcharts.
It can help you visualize the number of processes involved in cross-departmental or cross-functional teams, help team members understand their responsibilities, help team members make decisions based on the answers they get throughout the process, and more.
7. Business process modeling diagram
Business process modeling diagram or business process modeling symbol is a flow chart that models the steps involved in a business plan from the beginning to the end. It visually depicts a detailed sequence of business activities and information, providing stakeholders with a visual representation of the steps involved.
These types of flow charts are easier to understand than narrative text, helping you communicate effectively and collaborate to achieve the goals of your business process and produce high-quality results.
8. SDL flowchart
SDL stands for the specification and description language, and uses graphic elements to design object-oriented charts for modeling state machine in the communications, aviation, medical and automotive industries.
This flowchart has a specific set of symbols. What are the system definitions, blocks and processes? The three main components of SDL. These types of flow charts are best for brainstorming , especially when studying new computer algorithms.
In addition, each step in the flowchart is represented visually, which is ideal for solving common errors.
9. Use case flow chart
Use case flow chart or use case chart is used to describe the interaction between the system and external entities. You can summarize the detailed information of the system users and their interaction with the system.
use case diagram contains three main components: participants, systems, and goals. Participants are users who interact with the system, the system is the specific action and interaction sequence between the participants and the system, and the goal is the final result of the use case.
use case diagram provides a bird's eye view of the system, which you can also use as a blueprint of the system. Since charts are simple in nature, you can use them as an effective communication tool for stakeholders.
10. EPCh flow chart
Your business process does include various activities. Some may be simple, some may be complicated. The best way to ensure predictable and consistent results is to model your business process.
EPC flowchart is a business process modeling that uses events and functions as key elements. EPC stands for event-driven process chains, a graphical organizer that helps redesign business processes to generate better productivity in all areas of the business
11. Process flow chart
process flow chart is a visual representation of all steps and decisions in the process. In other words, it is a detailed flowchart that can help with the review process. By giving you an in-depth understanding of information flow and process-related tasks, it enables you to make the right decisions at the right time.
These types of flow charts are very useful for troubleshooting or diagnostic systems in the software and electronics fields. However, companies also need to use flowcharts to improve.
Process flowcharts can help you break the process down into smaller steps and help you double-check them to reveal areas of improvement and operational inefficiency.
12. Cross-functional flowchart
As the business owner, you already know that the business process is associated with various departments and stakeholders. It becomes more complex when the business process contains multiple stakeholders from different teams.
Cross-functional flowchart is clearly designed to articulate the process by defining who does what at the lower level of the business model. Additionally, these types of flow charts show detailed information about business process execution, different team members and their interactions.
13. IDE flowchart
IDEF (integration definition) is a graphical technology in process simulation that can help model complex systems in the field of software engineering. The large-scale language family includes IDEF0 - IDEF14, covering a wide range of uses from object-oriented analysis to functional modeling and data collection.
IDEF is a graphical technology that is both strictly specified and not proprietary. It includes a box that displays a function and an arrow that exits or enters a function box. The main components of the
IDEF flowchart are arrows, boxes, contexts, and node trees, as shown in the template below.
14. Impact graph
Are you looking for tools that can represent your decisions graphically and mathematically? The impact map may be what you need. As the name implies, influence charts affect decision making. Therefore, because they are hierarchical, these types of flowcharts are a good alternative to for decision tree.
You can create this chart before the meeting to illustrate the business philosophy being discussed. It will show how decisions are made, the desired results are correlated, variables, and how each step affects other steps.
15. Value flow chart
Value flow chart is a flow chart used to illustrate and analyze the steps involved in the production or delivery process. Its main goal is to identify and eliminate waste in value streams and improve the efficiency of a given value stream. Because it is a powerful way to visualize the key goals of a lean approach, it is used by many industries, including product development, software development, manufacturing, healthcare and many others.
16. Timing chart
is usually used by developers to model objects in a scenario. It explains how different components in a system interact to achieve a certain function. And the order of interactions occurring in specific scenarios. In short, timing chart shows the execution sequence of different components of the system. 6 elements we often use when drawing timing charts:
17. Architecture diagram
Business architecture
uses a set of methodology/production to divide the boundary of the businesses involved in the product (project), so familiar with the business is the key, as shown in the figure below:
Application architecture
It is the overall architecture of the entire system implementation, and it is necessary to point out the system level and the principles of system development. Application services at all levels of the system. As shown in the figure below, the technical architecture of
is a technical architecture of
. The technical architecture is to meet the technical requirements of the application architecture, and to select the technology according to the identified technical needs, and clearly describe the relationship between each key technology and technology. The problems solved by technical architecture include: purely technical layering, selection of development frameworks, selection of development languages, and selection of technologies involving non-functional needs.
Deployment Architecture Topology Chart
Deployment Chart is used to display the physical architecture of software and hardware in the system. From the deployment chart, you can understand the physical relationship between software and hardware components and the distribution of components of processing nodes. The main function is to show how many servers your project (system) requires, what each server does?
network topology diagram
network topology diagram refers to the physical layout of various machines and equipment using transmission media to connect various machines and equipment, that is, which method is used to connect electronic computers and other machines on the Internet to each other. topology draws the Internet equipment and connections of cloud servers, service centers. There are many types of topology structures for the Internet, including star structure, ring structure, distributed structure, tree structure, etc.
18.E-R diagram
E-R diagram, also known as entity relationship diagram, is used to display the relationship between entity sets. It provides a method to represent entity types, properties, and connections; concept model used to describe the real world. The ER model is the design or blueprint of the database and can be implemented as a database in the future.
Entity
Things that exist objectively in actual problems and can be distinguished from each other are called entities. Entities are objects in the real world, and can be specific to people, things, and things. It can be books from students, teachers, and libraries.
attribute
entity has a certain feature called attribute, and attributes are used to describe entities in the E-R diagram. For example: People can be described by "name", "name" and "date of birth".
Entity Set
The set of entities with the same attributes is called entity set . For example: All students are an entity set, (983573, Li Gang, male, 1999/12/12) is an entity set in the student entity set.
key
Among all attributes describing the entity set, the attribute that can uniquely identify each entity is called a key. A key is also an attribute that belongs to an entity. The attribute value as a key must be unique and cannot be "empty".
Entity type
Entities with the same characteristics and properties must have the same attributes. Using entity names and their sets of attribute names to abstract and characterize similar entities is called entity types. The representation format is: entity name (property 1, attribute 2,...)
Contact
Nothing in the world exists in isolation, there are connections within things and between things. There are usually three types of connections between entities: one-to-one connection, one-to-many connection, many-to-many, and many-to-one connection.
Draw entity relationship diagram
entity (box representation), contact (diamond representation), attribute (ellipse representation), contact (line representation)
19. Class diagram
Class diagram is used to describe the static structure of a system. It can be used for both general concept modeling and detail modeling. Classes contain data and behaviors and are an important part of object-oriented. They are the general term for a collection of objects with the same attributes, operations, and relationships.
class drawing method:
class name (if it is an interface or abstract, it is used to represent italics) Features of
class (usually the fields and properties of the class, which can be noted) Operations of
class (usually the methods or behaviors of the class) Annotation of access modifiers of
class attributes or operations:
public with plus sign
private with minus sign
protected with # sign
interface drawing Method
has interface
at the top of the first line: interface name
second line: interface method
relationship
So-called dependency is to rely on other classes when constructing this class, such as: animal dependency water and oxygen
inheritance and generalization relationship (represented by solid lines with hollow triangles)
inheritance (generalization) relationship, which specifies how the subclass specializes all features and behaviors of the parent class. For example: birds are a type of animals, and penguins, ducks, and geese are a type of birds.
implements the relationship of interface
class and interface relationship, indicating that the class implements all the characteristics and behaviors of the interface
association relationship (represented by a solid arrow line)
so-called association relationship means that this class has an attribute that is other classes.
aggregation relationship (represented by solid lines with hollow diamonds)
aggregation relationship is a type of association relationship, which is a strong association relationship;
features: The life cycle of some objects is not managed by the overall object. In other words, when the overall object no longer exists, some objects may still exist. For example: A wild goose can still survive if it leaves the flock of geese.
is represented in code, that is, a group of swallows stores multiple geese, and there are unified operating properties and behaviors of the swallows in the swallows
combination relationship (represented by solid lines with solid diamonds)
combination relationship is also a kind of association relationship, which is a stronger relationship than an aggregation relationship.
Features: In the combination, part is consistent with the overall life period, and part is created and died at the same time as the combination. For example: the relationship between birds and wings.
20.State diagram
. The state diagram is used to describe all possible states of a specific object and the events that cause state transition
. Describe which states can be converted
. Different states have different behaviors
. The composition of the state diagram
UML state diagram is mainly composed of five elements, namely state, transformation, events, actions and activities.
**State: ** represents a condition/case in the life cycle of an object, with the initial state and the final state
conversion: Represents a relationship between two states
** Event: ** Represents meaningful things that happen in a certain time and space
** Action: ** Represents an executable atomic operation , which is the smallest computing unit that UML can express
** Activity: ** Represents non-atomic execution in a state machine, generally consisting of a series of actions
state diagram graphic
Note : There is only one initial state, and there can be multiple end states, End all ends when termination (illegal operation)
21. Use case diagram
Use case diagram is the simplest representation of user interaction with the system, showing the relationship between the user and the use cases related to him. Through the use case diagram, one can learn about different types of users and use cases of the system. Use case diagrams are also often used in conjunction with other diagrams.
Use case diagram is mainly used to describe the role and the connection relationship between roles and use cases. It's about who wants to use the system and what they can do with the system. A use case diagram contains multiple model elements, such as systems, participants, and use cases, and displays various relationships between these elements, such as generalization, association, and dependencies. It shows a system functional model diagram that external users can observe.
[Purpose]: Helps the development team understand the functional requirements of the system in a visual way.
Use case diagram
Participant (Actor)
Use case (Use Case)
Association (Association)
Include (Include)
Extend (Extend)
Generalization (Generalization)
Participant (Actor) - a user, organization or external system that interacts with an application or system. Use a villain to represent
Use Case (Use Case)——The use case is a system function that is visible externally, describing the services provided by the system. Use an ellipse to represent
Subsystem (Subsystem) - used to display some functions of the system, which are closely related.
Association —Represents the communication between the participant and the use case, and either party can send or accept messages. without arrow , connect participants to use cases and point to the message recipient.
Include relationship (Include)——Include relationship is used to decompose the functions represented by a more complex use case into smaller steps.
points to the decomposed functional use cases. For example, in the figure below, the user withdraws money includes inputting the account password and verification. If you pass, you can withdraw money
Extended relationship (Extend)——Extended relationship refers to the extension of the use case function, which is equivalent to providing an additional function for the basic use case
Generalization (Generalization)——is the inheritance relationship commonly understood. The child use case is similar to the parent use case, but shows more special behavior; the child use case will inherit all the structure, behavior and relationship of the parent use case.
Dependency (Dependency)—Dependency is represented by a dotted line with arrows, indicating that the source use case depends on the target use case.
Recommended tools for drawing flow charts
