Jun is a healthy man nowadays,
but by seven feet of waves,
Golden beans are filled with pockets,
Ride the wind and return to his hometown
Mr. Huang Yizhu is a patriotic overseas Chinese entrepreneur who settled in Gulangyu from Indonesia.
A saying was popular in southern Fujian from the 1920s to 1940s: "If you want to be rich, learn from Huang Yi to live in ", which shows that the people appreciate and envy him at that time. In fact, his outstanding contributions to the modern social and economic construction of Gulangyu, Xiamen, and even Fujian and the whole country are even more worthy of admiration and commemoration by future generations.
Huang Yizhu was born on December 7, 1868 (October 24, the seventh year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty) Fujian Province , Nan'an County , 14th capital (now Jintao District) Louxiatu (now Louxia Township) Shisun Village. His ancestors came from Jiangxia, Hubei. After settling in Nan'an, his family lineage was found. Those who knew his profession and family background were great-grandfathers, grandfathers and fathers, who were all poor farmers.
Huang Yizhu is the eldest son. His father hopes that he can support his family business as soon as possible and bring honor to his ancestors. Therefore, although his family is poor, he still sent him to a private school when he was five or six years old. He has only been studying for a few years. Although the tutor thinks he is "very smart", because his three younger brothers and two sisters have been born one after another, the family's population has increased. His father worked hard, his mother spins for others, got up early and went into the dark, and worked all year round. The whole family still lives with sweet potatoes and lives a half-hungry and half-full life. It's really poor. He had no choice but to give a younger brother to his distant relative to adopt, while his younger sister gave him to him as a child bride. Huang Yizhu had to drop out of school to help his parents work. He had to go up the mountain to chop wood in the early morning and carry it to sell it. After he came back, he went to the fields to work and took on the burden of supporting the family with his parents. Year after year, the family's financial situation still cannot be changed, so I have to make another way to make a living. Fortunately, Huang Yizhu's uncle Huang Boshun could shave his head, so his father sent Huang Yizhu to his uncle, and became a teacher and learned the skills of haircutting. At that time, Huang Yizhu was only 12 years old. After three years of experience, he became a young barber in his own industry. He carries a haircut load every day, travels to the villages and towns, and serves people at home. In addition to this area, we also go to the neighboring Anxi County . This kind of life is very hard, and the income is meager, but it is better than nothing. You can have cash income to supplement your family income.
Huang Yizhuan Chuanxiang has a haircut. He has come into contact with many people and knows a lot. From people's words, he learned that the climate in Southeast Asia is warm, with abundant rainfall, suitable for farming, and Chinese are diligent, so there are many opportunities for employment and development there, and those with good management have become rich. Going to Nanyang to find a way out became a yearning for young people at that time. Huang Yizhu is an aspiring young man. He said to others: I can go, but I can go too. "It's up to people." The idea of going to Nanyang became stronger and stronger in Huang Yizhu's heart.
1884 One day, Huang Yizhu cut a haircut for a gentry. While concising his face, the gentry suddenly coughed. Huang Yizhu couldn't defend himself and the razor in his hand slightly hurt his forehead. The gentry was furious and shouted loudly, threatening to settle the score with him in the future. Huang Yizhu knew that he couldn't afford to offend him, but was afraid that his parents would suffer, so he had to go to Southeast Asia to avoid disaster. After discussing with his parents, his parents supported him. My father sold a ancestral hillock and received a price of 36 silver dollars and handed it to him for money. My mother performed the dress and asked him to take a few clothes and haircut tools to go to Xiamen, and went abroad with her fellow villagers.
At that time, the direction of Fujian people going abroad was mainly in Southeast Asia. Among the Nanyang Islands, it is concentrated in the British colony Singapore and the Netherlands colony Java. Although the distance is farther than going to Philippines , the entry procedures are simple. Just buy a boat ticket from Xiamen and you can enter. The Fujianese went abroad and went south. They almost all went to Singapore first, then to various ports of , Malaysia, , East Indies, Thailand and other places. Huang Yizhu and his fellow villagers discussed taking this line, and set off from Xiamen in the spring of 1885 to Singapore.
Singapore is located at the southern end of the Asian continent, the shipping channel of the Pacific and India, at the exit of the Strait of Malacca, with convenient transportation.In August 1824, Singapore became a British colony. In order to open up Singapore, the British colonial authorities set it up as a free port, and on the other hand, they recruited immigrants to participate in the construction of ports, docks and cities. There are many Chinese in this city, but due to the weakness of the Qing government's national power, overseas Chinese were deeply bullied by British colonists.
After Huang Yi arrived in Singapore, he lived at the home of a fellow villager who opened a shop. He still made a living by carrying a haircut, and then traveled to Selangor Port, Medan City on Sumatra Island, and Semarang in Java. However, in the hairdressing industry, it is easy to learn local dialects and be familiar with local conditions.
Huang Yi lived in this process and learned that running a business can have more opportunities to make money. As a barber, whether in Singapore, Selangor, Medan, or Semarang, just like in Nan'an, you can only earn some wages and never make a fortune in your life. He thought I left my hometown, was it just for the sake of making a living? What should I do with my family? After thinking about it, I thought I had been wandering in Indonesia for four years, and had a rough dialect and familiar with many local ethnic customs. This is a favorable condition for doing small business, so I wanted to give up the hairdressing industry and switch to a vendor.
One day, he talked to him about this idea while cutting his old overseas Chinese Wei Jiashou (also known as Wei Jiashou, a wealthy family in Semarang, in 1904). Wei Jiashou also made a fortune in a small business and supported his ideas very much, so he lent him 5 as capital, which made Huang Yizhu firmly determined to change his career. Wrap the razor and all the haircut tools in rags and throw them into the surging sea. It shows that it is determined to change careers by striking the boat and never turning back.
Huang Yizhu lent him 5 shields Wei Jiashou, plus the saved savings as funds, sold some daily necessities and food, and took them to the suburban indigenous villages, and sold them along the way. At the same time, he bought local specialties and sold them back to Semarang, making small profits from both ends of the transaction. During this period, in the Semarang area, almost all those who engaged in urban and rural commodity exchange were hard-working overseas Chinese.
Huang Yizhuo is diligent in his legs and feet, crossing mountains and ridges, and walking to remote villages that others rarely go to. We adopt the method of selling prices slightly lower than people, buying prices slightly higher, buying more and selling more, and making small profits and good income, as well as barter local specialties that customers can produce themselves, and purchasing and selling on behalf of customers, plus a friendly attitude, good credit, and having a lot of people and trading. Two months later, the loan was paid off. Huang Yizhu became a hawker with his own funds. He embarked on the road to doing business.
Huang Yizhu put down the haircut burden and took on the peddler's burden. The haircut burden and the peddler's burden are carried by their shoulders, and they are also traveling around the streets and alleys, and they are also door-to-door services, but they are two livelihoods, two industries, and two futures. Throwing away the razor and carrying the peddler's burden, Huang Yizhu took a new step in making a living. This is a turning point in his life.
Huang Yizhu carries the peddler's load, carefully observes market trends, and plans for a new livelihood. He saw shops entertaining customers, and residents entertaining visiting relatives and friends. They often ordered a few cups of coffee at coffee poles or coffee stalls on the street and ordered pastries. He did not need a shop to carry a coffee pole or set up a coffee stall, and did not pay the rent. The income was enough to nourish himself. So he changed his business target and bought some coffee, sugar, pastries and cups and plates. He changed the grocery pole on his shoulders to a coffee pole, walked from street to door, and served on the doorstep, shifting the scope of his business from the countryside to the city.
carry a pole to sell coffee and diet. As for every cup of coffee and every dish of pastry, it only makes small profits. It depends on getting up early and touching the dark, and its legs are quick and hard. It sells a lot, and it saves money and accumulates a lot of money, so it will make a daily surplus. With the capital, he bought stoves, tables and chairs, rented a fixed location in front of Citibank, set up coffee and tea stalls, and sold food. From carrying loads to setting up stalls, from moving to fixed-point locations, income also goes from small to large. Huang Yizhu's business is quite easy.
Huang Yizhu shows that he has a keen observation of the market from buying and selling groceries to selling coffee and pastries. It is this ability that makes him run from now on, from poor to rich, from small to big.
Huang Yizhu's kindness, honesty, hardworking, frugality and good at doing business have made more and more customers. He wanted to purchase goods alone, brew coffee, deliver coffee cakes to some customers, and wash cups and plates, and deeply felt that someone needed help. Overseas, a single man is busy with his life making a living and has many difficulties in his life and needs someone to take care of him. At this time, Cai Jianniang, a girl from overseas Chinese, set up a coffee stall next to his coffee stall. They first took care of each other.
After a long time, Huang Yi’s character has won the love of Cai Jianniang. Women born in overseas Chinese have a wide range of knowledge and high knowledge. They are also influenced by the marriage habits of indigenous women, so they have greater freedom in choosing a mate. Due to Chinese descent and the preservation of Chinese living habits at home, most overseas Chinese students are willing to get married to Chinese. Cai Jianniang, the enthusiastic southern girl, first took the initiative to propose a partnership, and later expressed her willingness to marry him.
Huang Yizhu's thoughts are contradictory to Cai Jianniang's beauty. This is because after long-term contact, he likes Cai Jianniang. Not only does he need help in business, but he also needs someone to take care of in life. However, he already had a child bride at his home in Nan'an when he was the king. Considering this, Huang Yizhu frankly told Cai Jianniang that there was a child bride in his hometown in China. Although he was not married, he was a husband-wife relationship set up on the orders of his parents. Cai Jianniang said that she did not care about her status as a wife and concubine.
Huang Yizhu follows the traditional rules of his hometown and informs his parents about this matter. The kind parents solicited Wang Shi's opinions, bound by feudal consciousness, have no ability to be independent, and have a kind heart. Although the king Shi was in a painful mood, one was helpless about such things that happened far away in a foreign country, the other was not hurting one's dignity, the third was that there was a tradition of "two-headed family system" among overseas Chinese, and the fourth was that they started with caring for their relatives, hoping that someone could take care of Huang Yi's life on their behalf and do what she wanted but could not do, which recognized the marriage.
Huang Yiju married Cai Jianniang in 1890. Cai Jianniang soon became Huang Yi's partner in Semarang to start a business. Marriage with Cai Jianniang also enabled Huang Yizhu to gain a lot of convenience in socializing, doing business and purchasing industries. Because, in Indonesia's Semarang, Badawei and Si Shui , the surnames Cai and Jian Shu are big families among overseas Chinese. People from these families have lived in the local area for several generations.
Cai Zi moved from Fujian Zhangzhou Cai Ban to Java in 1753. By the 1880s, it had been more than 130 years. The Cai family has taken root in the local area and enjoyed all rights of the indigenous people. For example, the Dutch-Indian colonial government established in 1800, stipulated that overseas Chinese who arrived later were not allowed to purchase land, but Chinese who settled before the government could purchase it. Huang Yizhu was able to purchase real estate and plantations in Semarang and other places later, which was due to Cai Jianniang's rights as local indigenous residents.
After Huang Yizhu and Cai Jianniang got married, in order to make more money, the two began to divide the work. Cai’s hosts a coffee stall, and Huang Yizhu Teng makes another way to find money and manage vegetables and groceries. The business address is in the emerging Pasar Djohar Market.
1890 After that, it was a period of rapid development of import and export commerce and local commerce in Semarang. There are more and more warehouses in KaliBaroe, and there is no room for development in the original Bedamaran market. The Semarang Municipal Government has opened Zohar Square as a free market and built stalls in the market. The cost of building stalls is 1,800 guilds, and the rent for each stall is 65 guilds. The emerging Zohar market is developing rapidly. Huang Yi lived in the market and rented a fixed stall to operate daily necessities and local specialty products. Because the location is moderate, the couple gets up early and goes into the dark, runs carefully, and has a good business. The funds accumulate more and more, and the scale is getting bigger and bigger. The stalls can no longer accommodate them. So Huang Yizhu rents a house and sets up a grocery store with the "Rixing" sign. This happened in 1891.
The "Rixing" sign was hung, marking that Huang Yizhu went from a travel merchant to a hawker to a sitter - a shop owner. Getting married, having a home, and starting a grocery store is considered a business.In this way, Huang Yizhu left Nan'an and wandered in Singapore, Selangor, Medan and Semarang for four or five years. He finally got married and started his own business, and took root in Semarang.
Nixing grocery stores are really complicated, selling coffee, white sugar, vegetables and local groceries. They are all local specialties. There is a reason why Huang Yizhu operates these goods.
One is because he set up a coffee stall and is familiar with the sources and varieties of coffee, sugar, etc. and has experience;
One is because he is from Fujian in Indonesia, Changting people mostly sell medicinal materials, and Zhangzhou and Quanzhou people mostly sell local specialties. The latter has power, network and experience in local specialty management. The establishment of
Rixing Trading Company marks the end of a stage in Huang Yizhu's life: Huang Yizhu is no longer among the poor. He has accumulated a lot of accumulation in his hands. Like most overseas Chinese, he thought it was time to return to his hometown. The traditional view among overseas Chinese is: after overseas Chinese are prosperous, they must return to their country and get married to boast about their hometowns. Although ordinary overseas Chinese married native women in Southeast Asia, they are not treated as formal marriages. In addition, Huang Yizhu was ambitious at this time and wanted to do something big in business. For this reason, he wanted to find someone to help in his hometown.
After Huang Yi arrived in Nanyang, he always missed his hometown and was thinking about his parents, brother and fiancée Wang who lived a hard life. His letters from home were never stopped. After the establishment of a stall in Semarang was accumulated, the money he remitted to his home gradually increased. According to the customs of local overseas Chinese families, his parents kept a part of it after receiving the remittance from their son for their future marriage.
1891, when Wang Shi was 16 years old, his parents urged Huang Yi to come back to reunite with Wang Shi, so that his family would have successors. In 1894, Huang Yizhu returned to his hometown after ten years of separation and held a wedding ceremony with Wang Shi.
Although Huang Yizhu married Cai Jiangniang in Java first, Wang Shi was a marriage contract made by his parents. In terms of status, Wang Shi was already his wife when he lived in Huang Yi's house. According to traditional Chinese family customs and overseas Chinese family customs, the king was a Yuanmai, which is authentic. Huang Yi treats this way in his family life.
1894 to 1895, Huang Yi lived in Nan'an and found two helpers: Ye Yuanping and Huang Zepan. The two of them arrived in Semarang with Huang Yi and became the main partners of the Rixing Store. Later, he was Huang Yizhu's right-hand assistant and agent.
Huang Yi lived in Nan'an's hometown for several months and then ran back overseas. This time he went abroad again, he took his help and prepared to do something big and open up a new stage of his business. At this time, he encountered another good opportunity to develop his business.
In the last few years of the 19th century and the first few years of the 20th century, Semarang's business development was also rapid. One of the reasons is that the water and land transportation industry has developed rapidly, making the area it connects to has wider. The second reason is that local Chinese commercial capital is developing rapidly. The Chinese business district develops faster than the European business district. On the streets filled with crowds, the Chinese shops are rows of shops that are dazzling and the business is very prosperous.
This period is the period when the sugarcane cultivation and sugar production industry in Central Java are further developed. Semarang has become one of the main distribution centers for sugar. Sucrose produced in Modjo, Sedajoe, Tjapala, Kali Woengoe, Tjepiring and Gemod are all shipped to Semarang for sale, and some of them are also exported to European and American countries. Huang Yizhu had insight into the development prospects of operating the sugar industry, so after 1895, he focused on operating the sugar industry.
Huang Yizhu's Rixingxing Travel went to sugar factories in various places to purchase sugar, re-transactions, and made huge profits. The scale of business and capital were developing like snowballs. By 1897, when Huang Yizhu had just turned 30, he had already earned nearly one million rupiahs. With the increase of capital, Huang Yizhu expanded his business outside Semarang and established branches of Nixingxing in Pekalongan, Central Java, Batavia (Batavia), East Java, Soerabaja, East Java, Medan and Palembang, Sumatra.
For more than 10 years after 1895, Java sugar maintained a price of around 100 kg from 10 gusts to 12 tons, which was relatively stable. After Huang Yizhu purchased it from small and medium-sized sugar squeezers at a relatively low price, he wholesales it to Java and exported it to Singapore and Europe and the United States, making considerable profits. Huang Yizhu has already engaged in the export trade of sugar, and his business scope has expanded to outside the Dutch East India.
The expansion of business scale has made it difficult for Nixing Commercial Bank to adapt to the organizational form. The organizational form of the Japanese-Hing Commercial Bank was characterized by the overseas Chinese business at that time. Overseas Chinese in Indonesia come from semi-feudal and semi-colonial Chinese society. In China, most traditional businessmen conduct economic activities according to geographical and blood relationships. Their enterprises are naturally bound by geographical and blood, such as father and son companies, brother companies, etc., and establish their own businesses, which is not conducive to mutual assistance and cooperation with external peers. They are of quality, cannot expand investment, accumulate capital, and invest in larger enterprises to establish " Trust ", " Kangcaien " or large enterprises of multinational companies. It is impossible to use modern business methods to replace outdated and inefficient business methods. Therefore, there are very few large entrepreneurs in Indonesian overseas Chinese businessmen. Huang Yizhu wanted to further expand his business and become a big entrepreneur, so in 1908 he reorganized Nixing Commercial Bank into Nixing Co., Ltd. with a registered capital of 400,000 rupiah, but he is actually still his sole proprietorship. After the establishment of Nixing Co., Ltd., Huang Yi lived in his home, among his employees of Nixing Company, and among his acquaintances in business transactions, he still used to call the company "Rixingxing" or "Ring Rixing". The establishment of
Rixing Co., Ltd. marks a solid step towards modernization in the business model and a new stage in his economic undertaking; the leap from the traditional Chinese business form in the medieval era to the modernized business form in the 20th century is also a manifestation of Huang Yizhu's ambitious desire to do a big move.
After the establishment of Rixing Co., Ltd., the original store is no longer sufficient. In 1910, Huang Yi lived in the bustling commercial street of Semarang City, Zhongjie (Patjinan Tengah, Middle Chinese District), and bought a larger shop house and converted it into a two-story, five-storey commercial building (now the address of Semarang International Bank).
In the year when Nixing Co., Ltd. was established, the railway from Semarang to Jinglibu was opened to traffic. The transportation between these two places and Beijialangban is convenient. This brought a lot of benefits to the merchants, and Rixing Co., Ltd. accumulated funds very quickly. In order to expand its business scope, Huang Yizhu went to Singapore to establish a branch of Nixing Company in 1910. The establishment of this branch is the first sign that Huang Yizhu has transnational economic power.
Since the establishment of Nikkei Company, it has been more and more wealthy due to its chances of winning every year. In 1913, his assets ranged from 3 million to 5 million, ranking among the four major sugar merchants in Semarang (also known as the four kings). The other three sugar kings are also Chinese, they are Huang Zhonghan (Jianyuan Company), Guo Chunyang, namely Guo Hedong (Jinmao Company), and Zhang Yongfu (Shenglong Company). Among these four major sugar merchants, Huang Zhonghan ranks first and Huang Yi lives in the last place. But Huang Yizhu's business model is relatively modern and is on the rise.
Huang Yizhu's relationship with foreigners is increasing due to business activities. Whenever business culverts with people are used in Chinese, the name is "Huang Zhu"; when it is suitable for English, the name is "OEI TJOE" (Huang Zhu) or "OEI IK TJOE" (Huang Yizhu).
In the "World Business Who's Who" compiled by Europeans published in 1914, OEI TJOE, namely Huang Yizhu. Among the world-class business celebrities, some Chinese were selected, and this incident caused a sensation in the Chinese society.
Azhu, a poor farmer born and raised in China's closed mountain village environment, has become a sugar capitalist who has shrunk for millions, looks at the international market trends, and is famous all over the world, and is quite "famous" in the sugar industry
1914 On July 28, 28, 1914, the First World War broke out. From this time until Huang Yizhu returned to China in 1919, it was the era of the greatest risks he encountered in his life, and it was also the era of showing off his skills and expanding his wealth the fastest.
In Indonesia, the first step is the rise in the prices of industrial and agricultural products, which brings huge benefits to producers and operators and affects economic growth.
On August 5, 1914, Britain declared war on Germany. On this day, rice prices across Java rose by 50%, from 10 shirk per titanium to 15 shirk. The government announced grain price limits and banned grain exports.
In 1914, the cargo ships in Semarang belonged to two shipping companies. They have 214 ships with a total load capacity of about 7600 kojans. The freight is not strong enough. What's more serious is that by the beginning of 1915, the prices of all import and export goods from Europe were increasing. This has led to the rise in prices of other commodities. Stores that have stock are unwilling to rush to sell the stock.
In February 1915, Germany announced the existence of submarines. Since then, merchant ships from Britain and other countries have been often "sent" to the seabed by German submarines. In this case, the prices of all foreign imports in the Dutch Indonesia region rose sharply from the beginning of 1916. Prices of goods produced locally in Indonesia, including daily necessities, have also increased.
Huang Yizhu analyzed the situation and his own conditions and believed that:
first, he mainly operates sucrose and grain, which are necessities of people's daily life, and even participating in the warring countries needed them. So, from a long-term perspective, they won't have a market.
Second, his capital is not comparable to ordinary small and medium-sized sugar merchants.
Third, among the big sugar merchants or the four sugar kings, a large part of the capital of sugar kings such as Huang Zhonghan is in the production fields of sugar fields and sugar factories, while his capital is concentrated in the commercial field and is more flexible and easy to allocate.
Fourth, he has established the world sugar market information network as mentioned in the previous article, with well-informed information.
Fifth, although the export volume of sugar is decreasing, the price of sugar has not dropped. With his superior insight, extraordinary courage and superior conditions, Huang Yizhu made full use of the opportunity of the Dutch and Indian colonial governments to implement the policy of encouraging buying more, and took unique measures to go against the current, buying spot and futures, especially forward futures. Changes in sugar prices were extremely beneficial to his behavior.
From the summer of 1917, his capital increased by about three times compared with 1913, that is, it reached 10 million to 15 million. In this special period of World War I, in the special environment where the Dutch and Indian governments implemented policies to encourage speculation, Huang Yizhu became a millionaire because of his unique special behavior.
In the spring of 1919, Huang Yizhu faced the most important choice for thirty-five years: should he be a Dutch or Japanese Chinese who makes a lot of money abroad, or should he insist on Chinese nationality and bring back funds to the country to participate in the construction of the motherland? Here is a question of which is right or profit first, and who is less or more.
in the 20th century 20th During the years, in Indonesia, retailers were almost entirely Chinese (Overseas Chinese and Overseas Chinese students), and in the import and export industries, the vast majority of the middlemen were overseas Chinese. On the one hand, these overseas Chinese were connected with producers and consumers in the mainland, and on the other hand, they were connected with international traders. The economic power of overseas Chinese occupies an important part of Indonesian society.
Huang Yizhu is a celebrity in Indonesia's business world, holding huge capital, and is a leader among overseas Chinese businessmen, with great influence. He is very popular because of this, and at the same time caused a lot of trouble because of the big tree attracting wind.
Huang Yizhu was discriminated against, excluded, and extorted by the Dutch colonial government in Indonesia. He was difficult to develop economically, endured humiliation and surrendered spiritually, and had no political status. He hated colonialists, A child is thinking of returning home in order to preserve the self-esteem of the Chinese nation.
At the same time, there is an irresistible force in China to call him back. The Qing government was weak and adopted a long-term policy of irresponsible oversea, which made the overseas Chinese have a low status abroad. In Indonesia, the Dutch and Indian colonial government divided the residents in Java into Dutch, European and American, Japanese, indigenous and overseas Chinese, and pressed overseas Chinese at the bottom of society.
Huang Yizhu hopes to have a strong motherland. He hated the Qing court and actively funded the Tongmenghui founded by Sun Yat-sen. The Qing government was overthrown and the establishment of a new country aroused his deep hope of building a prosperous motherland.He wants to contribute to China's construction and the prosperity of the motherland.
After the Revolution of 1911, successive governments of the Republic of China have understood that overseas Chinese are an important force in national construction, and have adopted policies to comfort and encourage investment in domestic cultural and educational undertakings, and given economic preferential treatment and honors in political and social status to overseas Chinese who return to China to run businesses, and greatly improved the investment environment.
1919 After the Spring Festival in 1919, Huang Yizhu made up his mind to return to China and prepared for it. The most important one is the treatment of industries in Indonesia. He registered Rixing Travel separately, and replaced his third son Huang Yuyi as general manager, and his eldest son Huang Qinshu and others as managers of each branch, and continued to operate it; real estate houses were taken over by his wife Cai Jianniang and son-in-law Xu Chunlong, who were in Java. A large amount of working capital was remitted back to China through various channels. After all the preparations were completed, he reincarnated in the country with the feeling of "returning to the country through career".
1919 On April 5, 1919, Huang Yizhu left Semarang in Indonesia and embarked on the way back home. Arrived in Xiamen on the 29th and settled in Gulangyu. When he left Xiamen thirty-five years ago, he was a poor and desperate young farmer with a slim future and a trepidated heart.
Now, he is tens of millions of dollars in wealth, wants to return to China to do something big, shining his family and full of confidence. This is just as Su Dashan wrote in "The Epitaph of Mr. Huang Yizhu": "You are truly healthy and powerful nowadays, but you can only walk through the waves of seven feet, and you can fill your pockets with golden beans, and ride the wind and long romances to return to your homeland."
1920 At the end of 1920, the prices of all commodities in Semarang area dropped significantly. Huang Yizhu ordered his son-in-law and his partner to settle down as soon as possible and narrowed their business scope in a planned manner. The funds were transferred to the country in approximately US$20,000 and remitted back to China, gradually ending branches and offices in Medan, Palembang, Beijialang and other places; Huang Qinshu, Huang Yuyi and others returned to China one after another; Defeng also managed the property and business left in Indonesia on its behalf, and was managed by his son-in-law Xu Chunlong.
Huang Yizhu's decision to bring capital back to China is very correct. Just compare the experience of another sugar king Huang Zhonghan and you will know. Among the overseas Chinese in Indonesia, until Huang Yizhu returned to China in 1919, Huang Zhonghan had much more capital than Huang Yizhu and his foundation was much deeper than Huang Yizhu.
"After World War I, Huang Zhonghan's total capital exceeded 400 million silver dollars. He owned 9 mechanized sugar factories. His total assets, at its peak, reached about 1.3 billion to 1.6 billion Dutch unds, becoming the world-famous "Oriental Sugar King" and "The Richest Man in East Asia" at that time. He ranked 13th among the world's monuments." In view of his economic power and his status and role among overseas Chinese, the Dutch and Indian colonial government first awarded him the official position of Kapitan, and in 1890 he was awarded the honorary title of Ma Yao to win over. The prosperity of Huang Zhonghan Jianyuan Trading Co., Ltd. has long attracted the covetousness of the Dutch and Indian colonial governments. From September 1917, the Dutch and Indian government promulgated the wartime income tax regulations, to 1921, the Dutch and Indian government asked Huang Zhonghan to pay 35 million rupiahs for "wartime income tax" and "double income tax", which was a heavy blow to Huang Zhonghan and Jianyuan Company.
Huang Zhonghan used a lot of money to buy the government's book managers, stole his account book and hid it in another place, so that the government could not find out his real income figure. At the same time, he paid 2 million rupiah income tax. Later, the Dutch and Indian authorities tried to use taxation methods to kill Jianyuan Co., Ltd. and proposed to acquire all its enterprises for 20 million rupiah. He refused solemnly and moved to Singapore angrily. He died in July 1924 at the age of 58.
During this period, Huang Yizhu, who returned to China to settle down, had a prosperous economy and a prosperous future. His social status was highly valued by all walks of life, and the government repeatedly rewarded him. In 1919, the year when he returned to China, President Li Yuanhong gave him a plaque "Persuad to teach and respect learning" because he donated money abroad to run an overseas Chinese school. In 1920, Li Yuanhong donated 3 to relieve the drought in North China, as usual, and presented a plaque with the words "Emphasis on Public and Good Righteousness". On January 23, 1921, the new President Xu Shichang was awarded to him for this matter, and the second-class Grand Strip and Baoguang Jiahe seal was awarded to him in April.
Huang Zhonghan is 2 years older than Huang Yizhu. He once discussed with Huang Yizhu's plan to return to China to invest and build a railway in Fujian. Due to his premature death, his wish was not realized.When Huang Yizhu "sighed and felt embarrassing" in front of Huang Zhonghan's tomb in Peng Ling on January 14, 1928, his feelings must include the strong contrast of the different futures of the two after their breakup.
In the autumn of 1931, Japanese militarists took advantage of the world and launched the "September 18th" Incident, invading northeast my country and other places. The vast majority of overseas Chinese strongly condemned this aggressive act and organized various anti-Japanese groups to save the country and donate to support the motherland's anti-Japanese cause. The China Aviation Construction Association once initiated the aircraft offering campaign. Huang Yizhu was inspecting business in the Philippines at the time and immediately donated 50,000 yuan after receiving the news. In addition, he made many other donations.
On July 7, 1937, China's full-scale war of resistance broke out. Due to the passive resistance policy of the Kuomintang government, the Japanese invading army continued to swallow up and occupy a large area of Chinese territory. Someone once advised Huang Yizhu to become a foreign nationality in order to preserve his life and property, but Huang Yizhu firmly refused. He said: "I will never join a foreign nationality and rely on outsiders. I have no intention of being fashionable. Why do I fear it when I go to the national crisis together?... Yue Fei'returns my rivers and mountains, the four words of blood and red, sincerity and majesty, ink and dance, and it will be remembered forever." Huang Yizhu's patriotic and innocent heart is an embodiment of the spirit of the Chinese nation and deserves people's learning and admiration.
Huang Yi has lived in Indonesia for more than 30 years and has deeply understood the status and role of banks and the importance of establishing Chinese-owned banks. Before returning to China, in 1919, he invested in OCBC Bank's 400,000 yuan banknotes in Singapore. In Manila , the Philippines patriotic overseas Chinese Li Qingquan , Xue Minlao and others initiated the formation of ZTE Bank, which subscribed 1 million yuan in shares, accounting for 50% of the bank's paid-in capital.
After returning to China, in 1920, he bought shares and founded Xiamen Commercial Bank on June 1. On June 5, 1921, Central South Bank was established in Shanghai. The bank is scheduled to issue a 20 million yuan in shares, with a full capital of 5 million yuan in the first phase, and Huang Yizhu subscribed 3.5 million yuan in shares, accounting for 75%. At the first extraordinary general meeting of shareholders of Central South Bank, Huang Yizhu was elected as chairman.
1924, Central South Bank increased its capital to 7.5 million yuan, and Huang Yizhu invested more than 5 million yuan, accounting for 75% of the capital. Central South Bank has strong funds, and its branches are all set up in Tianjin, Xiamen, Hankou, Guangzhou, Nanjing, , Suzhou , Hangzhou and Hong Kong, and have offices in Beijing. The bank obtained the right to issue banknotes in 1921, and stood in line with the Bank of China and Bank of Communications, which had the right to issue banknotes at that time. This was unique among private capital banks at that time.
In order to make the issuance of the banknotes recognized and trusted by the society, Zhongnan Bank and three banks including Salt Industry, Jincheng, and Mainland jointly formed four banks to prepare the database, specifically for custody and prepare cash, and issue Zhongnan Banknotes, and are jointly responsible for the issuance of banknotes. Let the four companies jointly operate in Shanghai. These four banks in the financial industry are known as the "Northern Four Banks".
Central South Bank is also actively investing in supporting various domestic industries, including foreign trade, commerce, industry, finance, agriculture, fishery, etc. Among them, investment and loans in the industry are particularly significant. The main ones include Shanghai Puyi (later renamed Xinyu Textile Company), Longmao, Minsheng, Haimen Dasheng Factory 3, Tianjin Yuyuan, Beiyang No. 1 Spinning Factory, Hengyuan and other 7 Spinning Factory, Shanghai Defeng Wool Textile Company, Shanghai Yizhong Fuji Machinery Magnetics Company, Tianjin Yongli Chemical Industry Company, Shanghai Chengfu Factory, Guangzhou Mining Company, Nanjing Soap Company, Minsheng Industrial Company, Tianjin Qixin Yangxiao Company, Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company, etc. These investments have helped and developed national industries and promoted the social and economic development of the country, especially the locations where the site is located.
Huang Yizhu loves the motherland and takes being proud of being a Chinese. Whether it is the coercion and inducement of foreign governments or the persuasion of friends, he refuses or refuses politely, and refuses to become a foreign national. When he was in Indonesia, he refused to become a Dutch or Japanese. During the July 7 Incident in 1937, the Japanese invading army swallowed Chinese territory, and the invasion approached Xiamen. Some people advised him to become a foreign national and seek foreign asylum to avoid loss of life and property. He replied: "Never join a foreign nationality and rely on outsiders. ... Why do you fear it if you go to the national crisis together?"Although he was already ill and had difficulty moving, he gave up the comfortable and luxurious villa he had worked hard in Xiamen on the eve of the fall of Xiamen, and lived in Shanghai to avoid harassment by the Japanese army and traitors. During his time in Shanghai, he was concerned about current affairs and worried about national disasters. Unfortunately, this patriotic old man failed to see the victory of the Anti-Japanese War with his own eyes and died of illness in Shanghai on June 15, 1945, all year round. 2019. Huang Yizhu's patriotic heart of adhering to Chinese nationality throughout his life and sharing hardships with the country is respected by people. His spirit of loving the motherland and loving his hometown is always worthy of learning and commemoration by future generations!
To commemorate Sun Yat-sen and enhance local welfare, overseas Chinese Lin Wenqing (President of Xiamen University) and Huang Yizhu raised funds from home and abroad to establish Zhongshan Hospital in Xiamen. It was completed and opened in 1933 and treated for free for poor patients.
