surrounds the outer layer of Zhongshan residential area, which fully confirms that Zhongshan was once the "staff" of the sea peninsula.
Figure 2-5 Zhongshan Branch and Dao River Location Map
In the mid-Year, there was still a wide Zhonglin Port between Zhongshan and Shitang. The Lincuo, Tiechihou, Manekeng, Shitang and other communities were only distributed next to the coast, and the Dao River was basically flush with the edge of the foothills. During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, the prefect of Zhangzhou PM Jiang Liang presided over a large-scale rebuilding of the shore in Haicang , involving 29 shores with a total length of 3,977 zhang. Each shore is 1.5 zhang high and 1.8 ~ 2.0 zhang thick. Among them, the Zhonglinwei shore and Houpu shore are located in Zhongshan Club, and the Lukeng shore (Lukeng), Temporary shore (Jianmei), Chishi shore, Changyu shore (Dongyu), etc. The Houpu shore guards the east side of Zhongshan, which is Houpu corner where Lincuo is located, facing Shitang and Datou; the Zhonglinwei shore is located at Siya on the west side of Zhongshan, which is connected to the temporary shore and faces the hinterland of Haicang Nei Bay. This reconstruction also extended the shore of Zhongshan to Zhonglin Port, and the tidal flats and coastlines on Zhongshan east and south sides were officially formed.
Figure 2-6 Aerial photos taken by Zhonglin Port in 1955, the evolution of the Zhongshan stream can be clearly seen
Although the shore of Zhongshan is only named in the east and west areas, in the eyes of Zhongshan people, it is three relatively isolated pieces. The southwest side of Puwei is distributed parallel to Cai Jianwei Mountain is called the front hall, which is the area around Haicang Cultural Center ; the east of Puwei is called Houtai, and the east of Hailin Road is now Hailin Community; the one between the two and extends to the ventral side of Houpu is called Zhongtai, and the name of Shitang Village Datou Society is roughly derived from this time. In the past, the land and the back of the land were still being built after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, the bird's nest near the current traffic police detachment was built by the second house in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, it was called the bird's nest. During the communal period, the land was assigned to the land and was close to Jianmei. Near Binhu North Road, there was a Zhugezhai, which was the newly surrounded by Zhongshan Brigade during the communal period. When the work was completed, the brigazine killed a pig to reward everyone, so the land was commonly known as "Zhugezhai".
With the temple, there will be good fields. The stream flowing from Cai Jianwei Mountain slowly soaks the land within the shore under the water network ditch, forming paddy fields for planting. In order to ensure sufficient and effective irrigation and domestic water, Zhongshan people have created many lakes in the shore fields intentionally or unintentionally. Like most , people in southern Fujian, people in Zhongshan call lakes "river", and rivers "river" or "flow", so all those named after rivers are lakes. For example, if located in Houpu, it is called "Houpu River"; if located under the Potaku, it is called "Dahe", which is the largest area; if located near the educated youth building, it is called "Lizai River", or "Liuzai River" and "Luzai River". It is a near sea lake, which is easy to salinize and not easy to retain water, so it is named; if located near Haifu Plaza, it is called "Shuiji River". After its downstream is converted into paddy fields, the middle and lower reaches become lakes over time. These lakes are usually a certain node of the stream and belong to living water. They will eventually flow to Zhonglin Port. Therefore, at some shore junctions, there are also openings for the stream to flow into the sea. Some of these openings disappear in the new round of reclamation, and become place names such as "Hangou" and "Yugou".
Figure 2- 7 Zhang Er guards the political monument of Shen Gong’s benefiting people, @博大大
The farmland was built by repairing the farmland, and the water network was spread throughout the water network due to the needs of the farmland, and there was a bridge due to communication.Zhongshan is mostly small bridges, such as the stone bridge of Zhongshe. It was originally the only way between Zhongcuo and Lincuo and the part of the new Haicang business road. Later, it became a hub for communication between the four corners of Zhonglinwei and the absolute center of the society. The stone bridge above the pit flow in the front trough and between the large and small tomb slopes has two piers and one span, and two pieces of stone weighing several tons are laid on it. This is the end of the Zhonglinwei Peninsula extending to the sea, and it was also a must-pass to communicate with the two shores. The way, Wang Chuanpu during the Anti-Japanese War was located here; among several stone bridges, the "Three Bar Bridge" at the intersection of Zhongshan and Dongyu Island has the greatest scale and influence. The bridge is a stone bridge with three piers and two spans. The bridge deck is paved with three long large stone strips, hence the name. When Haicang was liberated in 1949, the People's Liberation Army drove cannons to pass through the bridge and accidentally cut off one of the stones on one span, so half of the three bar bridge became a two-stop path.
Sanba Bridge is a symbolic landmark of Zhongshan and Dongyu Society. It was founded by the ancestor of the Dongyu surname Ke. There was a rebuilt inscription at the bridge head earlier, but it disappeared after the 1970s. The bridge was deeply impressed by many people. It was destroyed in the development of Haicang Living Area in the 1990s. Its location is roughly located at the intersection of Haifu Road and Canglin Road and is in the direction of Dongyu.
In the complex process of seeking land from the sea, Zhong Shanren gradually developed the habit of living by relying on the sea to eat. As a rising star, the surname Cai must have learned the art of manipulating the ocean from the experience of locals (such as Zhong Linshe's surname Zhong and Lin) very early. From the time when Cai Jingfu participated in the construction of the shore in the first life, until , , , tidal flats had already used near the beach as one of its daily production economic sources. The traditional mudflat operation area of Zhongshan people is located in Zhonglin Port, and we can restore the general scope from the records of adjacent Lukeng and Dongyu.
Figure 2-8 Distribution map of Zhonglin Port tidal flats and port roads. Zhongshan Roadtou is one of the main port roads. @1958 map
Dongyu Keting describes the scope of Dongyu's mudflats as "from Dashi to the south to Chengong Island". The extreme east of Dashi is the location of Sangang Bridge, and the north is Zhongshanjie; Lukeng Xie Zongze, the "Nibo Monument of Liu Gong Huimin" written by Lukeng in the "Nibo Monument of Liu Gong Huimin" in the late Wanli period of Wanli, "the boundary reaches Zhonglin Port in the east, reaches Yuduo in the west, and the south is bounded by Yangtze River , and the north is the people of Jian have the four sides." From this we infer that the south is from Sangang Bridge to east to Chengongyu (also written as Donggongyu, commonly known as Laiyanyu), to the west is from Lukengping and Bird's Nest to Dongyu, and to the east is from Shitang and Manekeng Bridge to Sangangqiao. The surrounding water area is the area of Zhonglingang Zhongshan tidal flats.
Starting from Chenghua years, the population of the Cai family in Zhongshan began to explode. During the Jiajing period, Zhonglin Port and nearby fields could no longer bear the growing population, so they began a "barbaric" expansion action, which was also the internal driving force for the expansion and development of the Shuimei Palace later.
Figure 2- 9 Distribution map of various communities and roads in Haicang, Zhongshan is located at the hub of Haicang Business Road, and the land is small and not enough to farm. @Zhangxia Railway Map
In terms of tidal flats, they entered the Dongyu Boundary to the southeast and the Jianmei Boundary to the west, thus prompting the birth of the aforementioned Ke Ting and Xie Zongze. The story of the East Frontier begins with Cai Rudong, a Cai family. He relied on the Cai family, who had a lot of people behind him and entered the Dongyu mudflat boundary without authorization. "The people are soft and soft, and nothing is wrong." Later, Lin Xianchun from Lincuo also seized the mudflat in the middle of Dongyu, which led to a great impact on the livelihood of Dongyu people. It was not until the eve of the fourth year of Wanli that when Ke Ting failed the first time he returned home, he was entrusted by the villagers to report the invasion of Zhongshan people to the government, and finally resolved the invasion of the invasion of the boundary through the power of the government. Not long after, Zhongshanren changed to the west and invaded the Jianmei Realm. Unfortunately, at this time, Lukeng came out of Jiangxi's political participation, Xie Zongze. With his arrangement, Liu Si, the county magistrate of Haicheng, brought the offenders to justice and thoroughly surveyed the boundaries of the two societies. The result of its finalization may be similar to the inscription that still exists in the Xie Clan Ancestral Hall of Lukeng.
However, insufficient fields and insufficient food are still a practical problem that people in Zhongshan still have to face. With the intervention of the government from multiple parties, the way to obtain basic living needs by selling physical labor can no longer adapt to the growing population's basic requirements for food, clothing, housing and transportation. Therefore, Zhongshan people, together with most people along the Longxi coast, joined the team to seek life and survive to the ocean. In the third year of Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty, in response to the need for Fujian's coastal defense to shrink, the Wuyu River Village, which originally guarded the Xiamen Bay sea channel, moved to Xiamen . In addition, the corruption behavior of the sea defense officers and soldiers was affected by the long-term immersion of the sea atmosphere, and the entire Jiulongjiangkou set off a vigorous wave of Tongyang vendors. Qiu Hongmin, the first historical figure in Haicang, came from Xinwu. In the seventh year of Chenghua, he not only conducted barter trading in Nanyang, but also pretended to be the envoy of the Ming Dynasty to Siam to lie. Later, he was discovered by the government and his home was confiscated. At that time, Qiu Hongmin not only had a wealth of wealth, but also had a large number of dead soldiers and black slaves, like a dominant ruler. In such an atmosphere, other villages and communities in Haicang also became "pirate caves" that the Ming Dynasty felt quite troubled.
The climax of Haicang people's opening fiction occurred during the Jiajing period, and there were two promotion points. First, in the thirteenth year, the Portuguese unexpectedly entered the mouth of Jiulongjiang River and completed a well-benefited transaction, thus opening the door to Zhangzhou Tongchuan Folang machine ; second, in the thirty-threeth year, the fleet of Zhangzhou people was blown by the wind and Japan unexpectedly made high profits in Japan's trade, which triggered a climax of the people of southern Fujian going into the sea.
Also, at about this period, a large number of maritime groups that were both business and thieves emerged among the people of Haicang, such as Zhu Wan's "Changyu and other places are commonly connected to the foreign countries," Lin Xiyuan's "Today's Lin Yicheng, that is, Li Zhaozhu, Li Yijin, and Ma Zongshi the day before yesterday", and "The thief Cai Rongming, who was worried about the sea, and the Yangtze River, shocked the capital." These people were a generation of heroes who galloped on the ocean under the Ming Dynasty's sea ban. When the government's policies were relaxed, they went ashore to trade and maritime merchants, and when the coastal defense was tightened, they evolved into pirates who were indifferent. This is the common saying in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, "will be dependents when advancing, and when retreating, they became pirates." Among them, Cai Rongming came from Zhongshan, and many of the Lin surnamed leaders also came from Lincuns from Zhongshan.
If the Zhongshan people of the Jiajing Dynasty were still away from the policy of the Ming Dynasty, then since the opening of the Longqing of the , the Zhongshan people became the upright Ming people, and if they advance, they entered the imperial examination career, and if they retire, they sell the East and West. The source of the right path can be divided into two types. One is that the Jiajing Dynasty was a thief in the sea. For example, Cai Rongming and others became members of the Ming Dynasty's military generals by accepting reunions and migrated to another countryside to guard the country. The other is that they became officials through civil and military training or recruitment. For example, Cai Sizhen, who was appointed as the magistrate of Danzhou, was originally an official in this town. Later, due to his merits, he gradually promoted to Tongzhi and Tuanzhou, and reached the highest position of civil servants who were not from the imperial examination. Those who have not achieved anything in the officialdom have devoted themselves to all aspects of operating marine trade. Some traveled around the country to find suitable export goods, some followed the fleet to make their homes, some specialized in ship transfer, and some planted cash crops or operated various handicrafts and supporting services. In short, the people of Zhongshan during the Wanli period enjoyed a rich and quiet coastal life with the Qingming Festival and hard work.
Figure 2-10 Cai Zhaoqing Jinshi Plaque
011 Wanli, the ninth generation of the Cai family in Zhongshan and the sixth generation of Zhao An Centou Cai Zhaoqing passed the imperial examination and was awarded the position of editor of Hanlin Academy . He returned home in glory and brought glorious flagpoles and plaques of Jinshi to the Cai Clan Ancestral Hall in Zhongshan, and prompted the main entrance to upgrade from "ancestoric temple" to "family temple". At that time, in addition to Cai Zhaoqing, there were Cai Sizhen, a famous scholar who went abroad from Zhongshan Main Club, who became the magistrate of Danzhou as an official, which was a miracle in the officialdom for the Ming Dynasty, which valued the imperial examination.Therefore, the Cai Family Temple was rebuilt and renovated at least once in the Wanli period, thus laying the scale and shape of the Family Temple. The couplets in the temple, "Studied from Gushi, Gwangju, and the family was buried in the Jinghai Zhongshan" were written at that time. The benefits of marine trade and the glory of the imperial examination career made the Zhongshan Cai family reach its peak in history during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.
However, the brief html March Hong Kong glory soon entered the brink of collapse after a flash in the pan, and the Ming Dynasty also went to perish under the ravages of the Qing army. When Zheng Chenggong, who held high the Ming flag and insisted on the two islands of Jin and Xiamen, met the Qing army at its peak, the terrifying scorched earth policy opened fire on the entire southeast coast, which of course also included the entire Haicang, including Zhongshan. Those residents of Zhongshan who originally enjoyed the pastoral joy here were forced to migrate within the Lotus-Longyu line since the 17th year of Shunzhi. The resettlement sites of Zhongshan people were mainly Tianli and Longtian areas. In addition to some people who were passively migrating, a group of people who had already engaged in maritime trade or had overseas contacts took advantage of the situation to rely on Zheng Chenggong and thus entered Taiwan eastward, or crossed the ocean south to the South Ocean, continuing the business that they were once good at in Dutch India.
Figure 2- 11 The first Chinese in southern Fujian in Sibu, Malaysia came from Zhongshan
In the 13th year of the Kangxi reign, the Qing army gradually gained the initiative and military advantages in dealing with the Zheng army, so they began to relax the control of force outside the boundaries, and some of the people in Zhongshan were able to return to their hometown to live again. That year they rebuilt the Shuilu North Palace, but due to insufficient funds, they could only rebuild the back hall and wait for the front hall to be vacant. The Shuimei Palace was also restored during this period. More than 20 years later, in the 37th year of the Kangxi reign, the Qing Dynasty completely completed national unification and the domestic situation also stabilized. Those Zhongshan people who fled to Nanyang in the early years of Kangxi finally had the opportunity to return to their hometown to visit. At that time, a Karbidan from a port in Dutch India donated 300 taels of silver to rebuild the front hall of the Water and Land Palace, and gave alms to the fields for subsequent sacrifices. This shows how large and great achievements the Zhongshan people went abroad were.
According to the "Biography of the Second Body of the Cai Family in Zhongshan", there were 6 people in the Zhuzai branch who settled in the sea during the Kangxi period. Among them, Zhaokui, the eleventh generation, went to Aceh, Zhaodiao and Zhaoqing, the 12th generation, also went to Jiaoliu, and Guozhen, and many people went to Taiwan. After that, many people continued to go south to Jijiao, Malacca, Jiaoliu, Penang and other ports. Obviously, the people of Zhongshan went abroad, as people later knew, had to flee south because of poverty. They actually developed more of the habit of going to the sea to travel to the world since the middle of the Ming Dynasty. This marine gene deeply imprinted in the bone marrow is the driving force that drove Zhongshan to gallop all the way to the sea. This also provided the most basic believer base for Mizumiji to go to the ocean and display his spirituality later.
Reference materials:
[1] Jiajing "Longxi County Chronicles" Volume 1 Geography, Taishang. In 1965, Shanghai: Zhonghua Book Company , Tianyige Collection of Ming Dynasty Local Chronicles Selected
[2] According to the electronic inscription excerpt provided by Ke Hengyu of the Yangtze River
[3] Chen Ying majored in the study. Qianlong's "Haicheng County Chronicles" Volume 23 "Records" of the Arts and Literature Chronicles, compiled by Harvard Yanjing Library, Harvard University,
[4] Xu Jinding . "Selected Historical and Cultural Materials of Haicang" Volume 1 of the Lukeng Chongzhen Monument. Guangzhou: Huacheng Publishing House , 2019
[5] Cai Shaoqian. The relocation of the Wuyu Shuizhai to Xiamen and the birth of Xiamen marine culture . "Ocean·Intangible Cultural Heritage (Xiamen)" Forum Academic Papers, 2021
[6] "Ming Shilu Xianzong's Verses" Volume 97, October 10, 197 of the 7th year of Chenghua,
[7] Cai Shaoqian, Huang Xiyuan. "Towards the Ocean: From Tsutong Port to Yuegang". Xiamen: Lujiang Publishing House, 2020
[8] Hong Chao selected the "Pingtai Hou Pingkou Stele" in "Mr. Hong Fangzhou's Collection of Works". Beijing: Commercial Press , 2018
[9] Cai Danni. Analysis of Anbian Pavilion in Zhangzhou in the Ming Dynasty. File, 2014, 4 (6): Pages 501-502
[10] Lin Xiyuan's "Collected Works of Mr. Lin Ciya" "Previous Inspection and Prevention of Stealing".Xiamen: Xiamen University Press , 2015
[10] Chen Ying majored in the study. Qianlong's "Haicheng County Chronicles" Volume 9 of the "Qing of Haicheng County" was compiled by Xu Jinding. "Selected Historical and Cultural Materials of Haicang" Volume 1. Guangzhou: Huacheng Publishing House, 2019: Page 33
[13] Liao Yicong. "Watching Haicang", 2011, Xiamen: Xiamen University Press
