Ranking shows that there is currently a large employment gap in manufacturing jobs. Among the 29 newly ranked occupations, 20 are directly related to manufacturing, accounting for nearly 70%.

Source: ​ China Radio and Television Station Voice of China

After several twists and turns, a reporter from China Central Radio and Television contacted a local boss Duan who is engaged in the garment industry in Zhongshan, Guangdong. When I came to Shaxi Town, Zhongshan City, I walked through many alleys, walked through rows of factory buildings, and finally entered a small courtyard, with three buildings inside, all three-story buildings, and the old section of the factory buildings are in it.

Lao Duan said that most clothing factories of their size rent such a floor, with an area of ​​more than 300 square meters, and there are at least a few thousand stores in the entire Shaxi area.

△Boss Duan’s factory

Lao Duan said: "The first thing we did at the beginning of the year was to recruit people. Last year, he said, 'You must come back next year'. During the Chinese New Year, we sent red envelopes to everyone in the group to maintain relationships with workers." Lao Duan joked that he used to be afraid of being fired by his boss, but now he is afraid of being fired by his employees.

Lao Duan told reporters that is not only difficult to recruit workers, but also even more difficult to recruit younger workers. now has about 30 people in the factory, most of whom are over 40 years old. "Look, we have known each other for about 20 years and we basically wear glasses. We were both in our twenties and thirties at the time, and now we are 50 years old."

Lao Duan showed reporters various recruitment groups in the chat software, no less than ten. But even so, the workers' gap is still very large. He said that there were age restrictions on recruiting workers in the past, but now he dares, as it would be great if there were people.

△Boss Duan’s recruitment group

Through Lao Duan, the reporter contacted Boss Liang, who also opened a factory in Shaxi, who opened a printing factory. Boss Liang said that compared with the clothing factory, it is more difficult to recruit people in his traditional printing industry: "Our industry is very aging. Nowadays, he cannot do it. He feels dirty first, and he feels tired second."

What makes Boss Liang very troubled is that in recent years, as recruits more and more difficult, the wages have also increased, but the work efficiency of workers has been much lower. "It's been difficult to get one or two people. The same person does things. In the past, workers might be able to do 1,000 pieces a day, but now they can only do 500 pieces, and the cost is increasing."

△Boss Liang's printing factory

Boss Yang, who runs a shoe factory in Shaxi Town, told the reporter of the station that he has personally held up billboards to recruit workers on site many times: "The biggest problem with is that they can't recruit people and can't keep people. To be honest, the salary is not low, but many young people feel bored for two days and leave."

Next step How can small businesses survive?

Labor-intensive enterprises are experiencing the pain of transformation

The owner of the clothing factory Lao Duan complained to reporters that Xiao Ou, the only post-00s worker in his factory, is playing with his mobile phone while working.Xiao Ou, a worker born in the 2000s, also has his own plans. He told reporters that he would definitely not be working in Lao Duan's clothing factory all the time. After saving experience, he would prepare to learn technology: "I want to turn on a bulldozer. It is easier to find a job in technology, and it doesn't have to be so hard. "

thought calmly. Lao Duan said that he actually understood the psychology of a young man like Xiao Ou. He admitted that even his children were not willing to stay in the factory for more. When he asked him to go to the workshop to help cut the thread, the children were busy avoiding it.

△Boss’ factory

Zhongshan Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau Deputy Director Zheng Haisheng said: Some labor-intensive enterprises with relatively backward production capacity are experiencing the pain of transformation.

"How can small businesses survive in the next step? To be honest, as a business owner, he also needs to think about it. In the overall market situation, small and micro enterprises may have some of them that can grow bigger and bigger, and some irregularities will be gradually eliminated." Zheng Haisheng said.

Faced with the current changes in the general environment, Lao Duan said that he could only consider transformation: "What should the clothing industry do in the next ten years? First, a very large enterprise has the funds to buy automation equipment and replace artificial intelligence with intelligence. Second, it may be a workshop type in the future. What if no one does, we always have to do something, right?"

What is the deep reason behind the "difficulty in recruiting workers"?

Young people are low in their willingness to engage in blue-collar work

The problem of recruitment difficulties that these business owners in Zhongshan City is not an isolated case. With the current recovery of my country's manufacturing economy, the demand for employment has also increased significantly. mainly uses construction sites such as the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta, and the manufacturing industry generally faces a shortage of skilled workers and skilled talents.

Not only in Zhongshan, Guangdong, but the reporter's investigation found that the difficulty of recruiting workers in the nationwide manufacturing industry has begun to emerge. In Jinhua, Zhejiang, Shen Jianjun, general manager of a company, said that this year it is obvious that there are fewer people. In Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, a relevant person in charge of a company said that although the company recruits workers all year round, the employment gap still exists.

According to a survey by the National Bureau of Statistics, including more than 90,000 industrial enterprises above the designated size, about 44% of enterprises reported that the difficulty in recruiting workers was the biggest problem they face, and this proportion was also a new high in recent years.

"2020 Research Report on Labor Shortage of Front-line Blue Collars" shows that the low willingness of young people to engage in front-line blue collar work is the main reason for the labor shortage of blue collars. Zhang Xin, the person in charge of the report, said that nearly 50% of companies in the survey said that in the recent survey, the demand for blue-collar workers in blue-collar workers has increased significantly in recent years and the working conditions or working environment of front-line blue-collar workers are the reasons for the shortage of blue-collar workers. And since the past few years, there has been a tendency that young people prefer to choose the service industry.

Guangdong is a major province with migrant workers, with a total number of migrant workers exceeding 31 million, ranking first in the country. Among them, there are about 19 million migrant workers in Guangdong in other provinces, accounting for about 1/4 of the total number of cross-provincial workers in the country (about 75 million nationwide).

Xia Yibing, director of the Guangdong Provincial Employment Service Administration Bureau, said that according to the investigation, the trend of workers returning to second and third is obvious. Surveys from a while ago showed that the proportion of employment in the secondary industry has dropped by about 4.5%. The proportion of employment in the tertiary industry has increased by about 6.7%, which fully demonstrates some new changes in the current human resources market.

Xia Yibing said: "On the one hand, it is because the profit margin of labor-intensive enterprises is relatively small and their work level is not attractive. On the other hand, it is because the new generation of workers have higher expectations and more selectiveness, and are more willing to work in the shopping mall service industry with greater freedom, higher returns and lower thresholds, and are less willing to engage in high-load traditional manufacturing."

solves the difficulty of recruiting workers. It is very important to let young people enter the factory? Mobilizing enthusiasm in this area has become a factor that is more important than technical capabilities.

Why are young people unwilling to enter factories?

Young people want freedom and prefer the service industry

Young people are unwilling to enter the factory, which has led to the labor shortage of many enterprises in recent years, which is manifested as a shortage of skilled blue-collar workers or ordinary operators. Zhang Xin, the person in charge of the report, said that during the investigation, it was found that the salary of blue-collar workers in in my country is not low, and there is even a trend of continuous upward trend, but the labor shortage is still not alleviated.

"From a national perspective, basically, for example, for general workers, the annual salary may be around 70,000, and the annual salary of skilled workers may be nearly 100,000, which is the level."

90s Liu Yingsen has been engaged in human resources transfer work between Guangdong and Jiangxi for more than 5 years. He himself feels that the overall environment has changed. In recent years, young people are increasingly fond of going to the tertiary industry when looking for jobs.

The head of the Personnel and Administration Department of a company in Jiangxi said that some factories such as electronic factories are assembly lines, the work is monotonous and boring, and the management is strict. Many young people cannot withstand the constraints of the system and are willing to work in a more free place.

CCTV reporter learned in an interview that the current trend of migrant workers seeking short-term work has increased significantly, and the time spent on a job has been gradually shortened, and work has been exchanged more and more frequently. What kind of returns does a company give to meet the expectations of young people? How to recruit people? How to keep people?

Expand recruitment channels, increase salary, benefits, etc.

Enterprises have taken various measures to deal with the "labor shortage"

When companies face blue-collar labor shortage, they have taken many measures to respond. According to the survey report, about 70% of enterprises choose to expand recruitment channels or broaden employment forms to deal with the labor shortage problem of blue-collar employees; more than 50% of enterprises will start from the perspective of increasing salary and benefits or increasing care and recognition for blue-collar employees to deal with the labor shortage.

• Give certain promotion opportunities

The office director of a certain group company told reporters that in order to recruit and retain young people, the company has taken many measures: "The greater the energy you have to give you the greater the stage. If you are a grassroots employee, if you have the ability, we will choose to be the team leader, the workshop director, and the workshop director will choose to be the department manager."

• Improve the benefits and solve the problems of children's education

Another company's recruitment manager said that in order to let new employees feel the welfare and warmth of the company, employees on the front-line production line generally have monthly incomes of more than 5,000 yuan to more than 10,000 yuan. At the same time, the company spends a lot of effort to solve problems of food, accommodation, transportation and children's education for employees.

• Improve automation and intelligence

There are also some companies belonging to labor-intensive industries. Faced with the problem of labor shortage, the company has carried out large-scale "machine replacement". By updating equipment, we can improve the degree of production automation and intelligence.

△Smart workshop

• Broaden employment channels

Zhongshan Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau Deputy Director Zheng Haisheng said that now government departments cooperate with enterprises and technical vocational colleges within and outside the city to train technical talents at designated locations to meet the production needs of enterprises. "After this year's Spring Festival, our Human Resources and Social Security Bureau divided 8 groups to conduct cooperation negotiations with governments and technical colleges in other provinces and cities, and build a channel and mechanism for cooperation for them." Chen Lixiang, vice president of the China Vocational and Technical Education Society, said that with the development of social economy, enterprises must change their employment ideas and improve production conditions. "Our economic development has reached an era where your industrial model must be updated and upgraded. The core of the so-called high-quality development is actually here."

transforms and upgrades, high-quality development

government provides technical support to enterprises

Guangdong Provincial Employment Service Administration Bureau Director Xia Yibing believes that fundamentally alleviates the difficulty of recruiting workers, and realizes the coordinated development of the industrial system and human resources.

Xia Yibing introduced: "For small and micro enterprises, government departments have also provided some support and support, including giving them policies, funds, and technicians, and stabilizing employment positions in combination with their operating costs. On the other hand, government departments need to strengthen some technical support for them , which is what we need to do now. ”

In the view of Chen Lixiang, vice president of the China Vocational and Technical Education Society, improving the quality and efficiency of vocational education is essential, but enterprises must also provide corresponding returns to applicants: "This problem must be solved, that is, the labor required by the front line of , which must be updated with the upgrading of the industry. so-called high salary and high skills is a basic trend. Only under this symmetrical condition can people choose. ”