Lingnan Four Gardens , also known as "Guangdong Four Gardens" or "Guangdong Four Gardens", is the representative of Lingnan Gardens . These four major gardens refer to four classical gardens: in Shunde District, Liangyuan in Chancheng District, Foshan City, Yuyinshanfang in Panyu and keyuan in Dongguan.
Shunde Qinghui Garden
Qinghui Garden
Qinghui Garden is located in Daliang Qinghui Road, Shunde District, Foshan City, in the city center. The top ten famous gardens in China are ranked first among the four famous gardens in Guangdong. It is a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. Qinghui Garden was built in the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800) and expanded into more than 22,000 square meters in 1996. Qinghui Garden has clear water and wood, and the scenery is elegant and beautiful. The old house of Longjia is integrated with the expanded new scenery, using clear water, green trees, ancient walls, leaking windows, stone mountains, small bridges, curved corridors, etc. to interact and integrate with pavilions and towers. It brings together ancient Chinese architecture, gardens, carvings, poetry and books, gray carving and other arts.
The cultural relics in Qinghui Garden include calligraphy by Li Zhaoluo, Li Wentian, He Shaoji and . It highlights the characteristics of my country's courtyard buildings that are majestic, strange, dangerous, secluded, beautiful and spacious. The main attractions include the Ship Hall, Bixi Caotang, Hongqian Bookstore, Chengyi Pavilion, Xiyin Bookstore, Zhuwan, Guijilu, Bisheng Flower Hall, Doudong, Duyunxuan, Muyingjian, Liufenfe, etc. The shape construction is unique, with each mode, clever and elegant, the doors and windows are simple and exquisite, and the taste is endless. The garden is lush with lush trees, rich in varieties and colorful in color, and is surrounded by the antique pavilions and pavilions. Wandering among them, the scenery is different, making people linger. In January 1984, Comrade Deng Xiaoping visited Qinghui Park.
Qinghuiyuan
Qinghuiyuan
The top scholar of the Ming Dynasty Dingwei (1607) in the Ming Dynasty Huang Shijun (1570-1661) built the Huang Family Ancestral Hall, Tianzhang Pavilion and Lingazhi Pavilion in the first year of Tianqi (1621). During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1711-1799), the great Jinshi Long Yingshi (1716-1800), purchased the old site, repaired and expanded, planted flowers and weeds, and gradually became a large-scale. In 1805, Long Tinghuai ((1749-1827) built Xiaofang Garden. In 1806, his son Long Yuanren expanded it, called "Qinghui Garden". Later, his son Long Yuanxi (1809-1884) built Long Taichang Garden and Chuxiang Garden. After many twists and turns, Long Taichang Garden was later renamed "Guangda Garden". The descendants of the Long family have been meticulously repaired it for years, and this ancient garden has gradually enriched the characteristics of Lingnan.
1959, Tao Zhu, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee of Guangdong Province, issued a special fund to restore it. Focus on protection, Chuxiang Garden, Guangda Garden, Jiemeitang and Jingqintang are merged, collectively known as "Qinghui Garden", and later became the first guesthouse of the county party committee of Shunde Shunde . After the reform and opening up, restaurants, hotels, and parking lots were added to serve as comprehensive service units for tourism, food and accommodation. In the 1990s, the Shunde government allocated funds to restore and expand Qinghui Garden. At the end of the 20th century, the government expanded again, adding many attractions. Today, Qinghui Garden, which covers an area of 22,500 square meters, and Yuyin, Foshan Liangyuan and Panyu Mountain houses and Dongguan Keyuan are known as the four famous gardens in the Qing Dynasty in Guangdong.
Qinghui Garden is a tranquil and beautiful scenery. The old house of Longjia is integrated with the expanded new scenery, using clear water, green trees, ancient walls, leaking windows, stone mountains, small bridges, curved corridors, etc. to interact with pavilions and towers. It integrates ancient Chinese architecture, gardens, carvings, poetry and books, gray carvings and other arts. It highlights the characteristics of my country's courtyard buildings as heroic, strange, dangerous, secluded, beautiful and spacious. Main attractions The boat hall, Bixi Caotang, Chengyi Pavilion, Huating, Xiyin Bookstore, Zhuwan, Guijilu, Bisheng Flower Pavilion, Doudong, Hongqiu Bookstore, Fenglai Peak, Duyunxuan, Moyingjian, Liufen Pavilion, etc., have unique shapes and are unique in styles and are clever and elegant. The carvings and decorations of buildings are mostly based on the themes of beautiful trees, flowers and birds in Lingnan. There are many couplets and plaques written by famous people in ancient and modern times. Most of the doors and windows are etched and processed colored glass products imported from Europe in the Qing Dynasty. They are simple and exquisite, with endless taste. There are more than a hundred kinds of flowers, fruits and trees in the garden.
In addition to the commonly used fruit trees in Lingnan gardens, they also planted purple bamboo, wolfberry, wisteria, five-needle pine, gold pine, seven-melon maple, feather maple, etc. unique to Suzhou and Hangzhou gardens. They also deliberately collected Beijing tree species such as Longshun dates and Longmelon locustards from Shandong and other places. The varieties are rich and colorful. Among them, ancient trees such as ginkgo, sand willow, wisteria, longan, and water pine have been more than a hundred years old. They are lush and full of green all year round, and are concealed with the ancient pavilions and pavilions. They wander in the middle and move the scenery, making people linger.
The architectural art of Qinghui Garden is quite high and spectacular. The garden is winding and the corridor is full of scenery. The garden is deep and clear, with a compact layout, and the scenery is changed; the building is light and flexible, and elegant and simple. There are a large number of decorative and admirable ceramics, gray plastics, wood carvings and glass in the park. The wonderful couplets and sentences in the garden are all over the place, the music of celebrities and scholars still exists, and the fine arts are everywhere, making people linger. Garden art treatment is quite ingenious. There are rockery in the garden, and the water flows. Ginkgo trees are in the past, longevity is longevity, jade crabapple spring is auspicious, and sand willows are flying. I enjoy watching the golden carp play in the green waves when walking leisurely on the curved bridge; I am walking slowly on the flower path, so I enjoy the flowers rushing to the face when I appreciate the green trees. Sometimes, lingering strings are heard in the garden. Listening to a Cantonese song will make your heart clear and your ears happy, and you will be intoxicated. [2]
Foshan Liangyuan
Liangyuan
Liangyuan is the general name of the Liang family garden in Foshan. It is mainly composed of the essence of multiple groups in different places such as "Twelve Shizhai", "Qunxingxiutang", "Fenjiangxiulu", and "Hanxiangguan". It is large in scale and the main body is located on Pioneer Ancient Road on Songfeng Road. Liangyuan was built one after another during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty (1796-1850 AD) and lasted for more than 40 years. By the beginning of the Republic of China, a famous garden of a generation was on the verge of obscurity.
In view of its historical, artistic and ornamental value, in 1982, the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government first rescued and protected the existing group of star-studded cottages, and in 1990 it was designated as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit. Then, a large-scale comprehensive restoration began in 1994, with a total area of 21,260 square meters. According to the principle of "repairing the old as the old" in cultural relics restoration, the essence of the famous garden was recreated.
Liangyuan is one of the typical representatives of Lingnan literati gardens in the Qing Dynasty. Its layout is exquisite, with houses, ancestral halls and gardens integrated. The Lingnan-style "garden" space changes one after another, with an elegant style; the gardening structure is unconventional, pursuing elegant and natural, and a picturesque pastoral charm; the garden with local characteristics is complete and light and transparent; the fruit trees are shady and flowers are like brocade in the garden, and the curved water is circled and the pine embankment willow banks form a unique Lingnan water town charm; especially the various shapes of the strange stones and the clever and unique setting combinations, it is one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong.
Its overall layout is the integration of residences, ancestral halls and gardens, with the most local large-scale house garden characteristics, which is quite rare among domestic ancient gardens; the group landscape is made of large-area lakes and pools and rare water network ponds in China, with the most garden characteristics of water towns in the Pearl River Delta, especially the use of strange peaks and stones as important landscaping methods, which is unique among Lingnan gardens. The four groups of garden groups have different styles due to their different conceptual orientations. Various types of landscape structures unique to Lingnan such as "ping courtyard", "mountain courtyard", "shui courtyard", "stone courtyard", and "shuishi courtyard" are available, and there are many variations. The poetry, calligraphy and painting culture that is closely integrated with the themes of various buildings and scenic spots is rich in connotations, and poetry and painting are everywhere. The four scenes of spring, summer, autumn and winter, such as "Spring of the Haunted House", "Sleeping on the Lake to Escape Summer", "Stars and Autumn Colors", "Cold Flavors and Proud Snow", are all full of interesting things; the four scenes that show the characteristics of literati gardens, "Shizhai to express love", "Inkstones to express aspirations", "Secret Living in the Secluded Fragrance", and "Strange Style of the Zhuang House" reflect the various cultural meanings of the ancient gardens in Lingnan. The pursuit of cultural life of literati such as elegant gatherings, reading and writing, private school management, and idle living are vividly expressed, which is endlessly memorable. After the completion of the second phase of Liangyuan, the total area will be expanded to 35,000 meters, and there will be eight large-scale garden scenic spots; 35 groups of large and small garden buildings, including halls, lofts, halls, huts, bridges, pavilions, corridors, etc., which is beautiful.Especially the large-scale terrace-style buildings with two or three-story hip roofs that are rare in Lingnan gardens, as well as the water-facing and water-surface buildings with unique characteristics of the Liangyuan Garden, are the most local characteristics. In addition, the dazzling array of wood carving decorations and furnishings in the buildings, such as partitions, screens, Manchu windows, hangings, flower teeth, floor-standing covers, and various exquisite Qing Dynasty Cantonese furniture decorations, all have high ornamental value. They are a garden group that can display the characteristics of ancient literati gardens in Lingnan from multiple angles, aspects and levels, and will become the veritable "Lingnan First Garden".
Liangyuan is a rare typical example of studying the local characteristics, conception and layout, gardening structure, cultural connotation and other issues in Lingnan's ancient literati. The pursuit of ancient Foshan literati far away from the joy of ordinary people and forests in the metropolis also reflects the yearning for garden-style houses and natural spatial environment in the "Guangfu Culture"; its typical and rich historical and cultural connotations are also an important physical example reflecting the gathering of celebrities and the prosperity of literary style in Foshan. Its high historical, artistic and scientific value is not only the highlight of cultural tourism projects with extremely rich historical and cultural connotations in the old city, but also the old city uses its large area of garden buildings to set up as an ancient garden in Lingnan, famous domestic ancient garden historical materials, and physical display, a long scroll display of the "Huaxia Scenic Spots" with the characteristics of Foshan pottery tiles, and an ideal place for the "Garden Art Museum".
Panyu Yuyin Mountain House
Over-yin Mountain House is also known as "Yuyin Garden". It was built in the sixth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 140 years. The garden part of Yuyin Mountain House has four main buildings, including Wajiulu, Linchi Bian, Shenliu Hall and Linglong Water Pavilion. A small rainbow bridge lies across the middle, dividing the garden into two parts. [3] Although the Yuyin Mountain House Garden is less than 2,000 square meters, it has pavilions, bridges, towers, winding paths, back railings, lotus ponds, stone mountains, famous flowers and flowers, etc. The sandalwood carved screen of the Shenliu Hall in Yuyin Mountain house is engraved with poems by Liang Shanzhou, Zhang Chuanshan, and Weng Fanggang and calligraphy handwritings of Qianlong Grand Secretary Liu Yong.
more than yin mountain houses are exquisitely laid out. It uses the techniques of "hiding without revealing" and "shrinking the dragon into an inch" to contain the pavilion towers, Xuanxi Mountain and Stone Pavilion Bridges on three acres, and laying them into a short mountain forest, creating a wonderful and wonderful place with gardens, scenery in the garden, and deep and vastness. Through the exquisite carving of famous craftsmen, the decorations of the entire garden are rich and exquisite, plain and elegant, giving people a sense of tranquility and elegance, as if they are in the "warm waves and dust fragrance". After entering the main entrance with the words "Yuyin Mountain House", you will pass through the hall and pass through the bamboo path, and then you will reach the garden door of the mountain house. There is a couplet next to the door: "Three bows in the room are red and rainy, and one corner of the sky is green and deep clouds." This is the topic of this garden.
garden scenery can be divided into two halves, the western half is centered on a rectangular stone-built lotus pond, and there is a simple-shaped Linchi villa in the south of the pond; the north of the pond is the main hall of Shenliu Hall. There are two vigorous firecrackers and ancient vines on both sides of the courtyard in front of the hall. When the flowers bloom, they look like red rain, which is very gorgeous. The Shenliu Hall is the theme building in the garden, and it is the essence of decorative art and cultural relics. The two walls of the hall are antique and quaint, and the two flowers and flowers on the hall are lifelike. The 32 peach wood fan grid painting cabinets on the side wings, and the several red sandalwood screens in the green gauze cabinet are all famous wood carving treasures, treasures of poetry, painting and calligraphy by celebrities at that time. Looking across the lotus pond, there is a "Linchio's Living House" echoing it. In summer, you can lean on the railings and the wind brings the fragrance of lotus, which makes you intoxicated. The center of the eastern half of
is an octagonal pool. There is an octagonal pavilion in the pool, called "Linglong Water Pavilion". It was originally a place where poetry can be used to sing wine and chant the wind and the moon. There are octagonal exquisite sunlight, willows and towers, wintersweet flowers blooming, stone forests are shaped like a stone, rainbow bridges reflect the sound of the piano, lying on the fruit altar and orchid path, and peacocks are blooming with octagonal exquisiteness. Rockery is arranged along the garden wall in the southeast of the water pavilion; the northeast of the water pavilion is decorated with the beautiful Peacock Pavilion and the Banbian Pavilion (Laixun Pavilion). There are also many precious ancient trees such as pineapple, wintersweet trees, and Nanyang Metasequoia. "Laixunting" is built with half of its body against the wall, "Lying Piaolu" is secluded in the northern corner, "Ling Liu Tower" communicates with the inside and outside, and looks at the first peak of the Nanshan Mountain close to it, and the shadow of the ancient lotus pagoda is connected from a distance. The scenery in the east and west halves is organically combined with the arch bridge called "Huanhongsanqing". In addition, there is a slightly smaller Yu Garden next to the south of Yuyin Mountain House.Yuyuan is a residential courtyard built in 1922. It was built by Wu Zhongyu, the fourth generation grandson of the owner of the garden. There is a boat hall on the ground floor, a small square pool outside the hall, and a glass hall on the second floor, which can overlook the mountain courtyard. It is now owned by Yuyin Mountain Room. The two gardens are together, which plays a role in assisting the master.
Dongguan Keyuan
Dongguan Keyuan is located in Boxia, Dongguan City, , urban area. The predecessors praised it as "I envy the blessed land of the world, and the garden praises the fairy palace in the sky." It was built in the 30th year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1850 AD) and was built by Zhang Jingxiu, a native of Guancheng. Zhang Jingxiu was sent to Guangxi to be an official because of his contribution to building a fort in Dongguan. Later, he resigned and retired and returned home to build Keyuan. It was completed three years later.
Keyuan's earliest predecessor was Maoshi House. Unfortunately, due to its long age, there is no record now. It is said that before Zhang Jing built the garden, he named it Yiyuan in his heart, which means satisfaction and matching his heart. After the construction was completed, Zhang Jingxiu Guang invited literati and scholars to celebrate and celebrate, so that people could appreciate and appreciate it. After Zhang Jingxiu led this group of poets to visit the entire park, he solicited people's opinions at the gate. I don’t know if it’s because of the drunkenness, or if this garden is really good? The guests couldn't find the right words to praise for for a while, and they couldn't express their opinions first, so they all replied: "Yes! Yes!"
"Yes" is a word of response and refutation for ordinary words, but the words are unintentional and the listener is determined. Zhang Jingxiu saw that everyone agreed that "yes", "yes" and "meaning" are similar to "meaning". "yes" are before "meaning" (before), "yes" is preferred over "meaning". It was renamed "Keyuan". Therefore, the name of Keyuan means Keyuan, which is the name of Zhang Jingxiu's self-confident.
Keyuan covers an area of about 2,200 square meters, with a triangular outer edge. There are first floor, six pavilions, six platforms, five pools, three bridges, nineteen halls, and fifteen rooms in the garden. The names are mostly named after the character "Ke", such as Kelou, Kexuan, Ketang, Kezhou, etc., and there are also Caocao Caotang, Bohong Xiaoxi, Shuangqing Room, Wenhua Xiaoyuan, Boxi Yuyin and other scenes. Its architecture is a completely colored water-milled blue brick structure. The tallest building can be a building, 15.6 meters high. You can climb the stone pavilion on the top floor along the stone steps on the side of the building. It has bright windows on all sides, spreads its wings, and the windows can overlook the scenery of Guancheng.
Keyuan uses the art of gardening in Jiangnan, and uses the architectural structure to create a group of architectural systems with rich levels, staggered and rhythmic colors and space comparisons on a small area. It can be seen from the small, bright in the dark, and has a lot of fun. The real reputation of Keyuan may not be because of its luxurious architecture, but because it has a place in the history of modern calligraphy and painting, it has a reputation in the world. Keyuan has artistic works by Zhang Jingxiu, the founder of Keyuan, and Lingnan Painting School representative figures Juchao and Julian [6]. Although Zhang Jingxiu, the gardener, was a military general, he was proficient in calligraphy, painting, piano, chess, poetry and essays. During his resignation, he invited painters to come to Fuchao and Julian to paint here for many years and bought a large number of strange flowers, plants, fruits and vegetables for sketching. Julian's method of painting and painting of water had a great impact on the emergence and development of the later Lingnan School of Painting.
The reason why the Lingnan School of Painting has had a wide influence in the history of modern Chinese art is supported and affirmed by progressive people mainly because it represents advanced artistic thoughts in the historical period of alternating new and old. It advocates the transformation of inherited and stagnant old Chinese paintings with a new scientific viewpoint. It advocates breaking the view of the world, boldly absorbing external nutrients, and regaining the Chinese painting with ancient traditions for thousands of years. It emphasizes that this new Chinese painting is not to express itself but only satisfying personal intoxication and appreciation, nor to serve a few people in a narrow sense, but to allow more people to accept it, that is, to pursue a popular art of beauty that is appreciated by both the elite and the masses for the needs of the times.
Visiting information
Address: No. 32, Keyuan Road, Guancheng, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province
