Xu Huiting Environmental Protection Information Center
National Trust Under the goal of permanent preservation of precious properties and sustainable development, the organization carefully and comprehensively evaluates and plans the importance of trust properties, preservation and operation strategies, displays and explains the direction of education, etc. However, unexpected events are happening in the world, and various natural disasters or human-caused accidents may cause damage to the trust property. National Trust adheres to the principle of proper planning, evaluates the possible disasters that each property may face in advance, and sets up response policies to minimize the harm to employees, visitors, and the precious trust property itself in case of a disaster.
provides different aspects of building safety, public health, visitor safety, pollution treatment, etc., and different countries have different regulations and guidelines. Property managers need to understand and abide by these norms; this article organizes the National Trust of the United States, National Trust of the United Kingdom, and other organizations. The reference guide provided by them provides everyone to analyze the safety of their own properties and then formulate a policy for handling crisis events.
UK National Trust owns a large area of land in the Lake District, and it is observed that the covered snow on the top of the mountain has decreased significantly in the past 30 years.
Face risks: Pre-evaluation and prevention
Improve planning is the primary step to improve the safety and resilience of precious trust properties in the face of potential crises; National Trust evaluates the possible crises, degree of harm, and response methods for different properties.
Identify potential crises:
National Trust lists common potential disasters, including: fires, floods, extreme climates, pollution (toxic substances, oil pollution, marine waste, etc.), abnormal information equipment, missing personnel, threats of terrorist attacks, soil and rock flows, infectious diseases, deaths, etc. Each property must evaluate what potential crises it has, the possibility of it happening, the object and scope of it being affected when it happens.
Develop response steps:
evaluate the ability to resolve different crises, prioritize the response when an incident occurs, find out the notification objects and contact methods (such as environmental protection authorities, police departments, fire departments, cultural authorities, etc.), clarify the person in charge of crisis handling and decision makers, organizational internal notification procedures, estimate the number of people needed to deal with the crisis, find existing resources and divide the labor (who is responsible for what, what equipment and equipment are needed and where they are located).
Consultation, training and exercises:
When planning a crisis management policy, all involved should be consulted and have the opportunity to participate in the planning. After the processing policy planning is completed, continuous drills must be carried out to ensure that the processing policy is effective and in line with the current situation, and relevant personnel are familiar with the emergency response process and their respective division of labor.
Zhurong Disaster: Preventing the problem of not "burning"
There are many causes of fires, such as dry weather, forest fires, indoor wire fires, and even artificial arson, which may cause serious losses. Compared with contemporary new buildings, historical buildings require more comprehensive planning and considerations to balance disaster prevention, safety and monument preservation; one of the main reasons is that the decoration and building materials of historical buildings may be full of flammable materials, while modern fire protection facilities may damage the historical value of the trust property.
The worst idea is to prepare for the preservation of the National Trust often not only the building itself, but also the cultural relics and decorations inside. In the face of the threat of fire, in addition to various measures to reduce the possibility of fire and improve resilience, it is very important to complete records of cultural relics (such as calligraphy and paintings, photos, tapestries, etc.). These materials can help plan fire response policies, and will also come in handy if the fire occurs.
Prevent fire
The most fundamental way to improve safety is to prevent the occurrence of fire sources. There are three main principles that can be applied: control high temperature conditions, reduce combustible substances, and avoid high temperatures and combustible substances encounter.For fire sources, the safety of electricity use in the building, sparks during renovation, use of fire sources (such as kitchens and fireplaces), and smoking must be paid attention to and regulated; in addition, arson, wildfires, and fire spread in adjacent buildings are relatively difficult to proactively prevent, so you must pay attention to it. In terms of flammability, the wooden materials of many historical buildings are combustible, but the combustion speed is not as fast as that of modern plastic building materials. When redecorating, the materials of building materials and decoration are not only in line with history, but also in order to consider overall safety, sometimes other fire-resistant materials can be considered to replace the original materials.
Escape exit, traffic line and firewall
Once a fire occurs, evacuation is the first priority to ensure the safety of life of staff and visitors. The planning of escape exit and traffic line is very important. Through the firewall as a barrier, the possibility of fire spreading in full can be reduced and more possibility of escape and evacuation can be provided.
Fire detection and alarm
Through smoke, heat and other sensors, it can detect fires early to provide more time to extinguish and escape, but installing a detector may destroy the beauty of historical buildings or the original decoration; this is sometimes necessary to sacrifice under the premise of safety, but newer technology can also be considered, which can be installed in visually most conspicuous places such as not in the middle of the ceiling.
Fire extinguishing
When the fire just happened and was not completely out of control, trained personnel had a good chance of extinguishing the fire with fire extinguishers; National Trust recommends that portable fire extinguishers be installed in every room of historical buildings. The ever-changing technology also provides automatic fire extinguishing system options, which are low in cost and highly flexible in installation, reducing aesthetic damage to the interior decoration of historical buildings, and organizations under trusteeship can be included in the consideration.
Preparation Before floods
UK National Trust has more and more properties have been hit by floods in recent years; flooding usually has a slightly longer response time compared to fires. When encountering floods are about to come, the following responses should be made.
Before flooding comes, close and collect
to safe places such as display and explanation facilities, garbage cans, etc. In the building, close the doors and windows as tightly as possible, use sandbags, silicone, etc. to block the gap to reduce flooding and overflowing into the house; turn off the gas power supply and other switches, move furniture and electrical appliances to high floors as much as possible, and put away or hang up the carpet. Furniture that cannot be moved upstairs is moved off the wall, which can help dry later. When flooding, be careful not to try to move heavy objects and move carefully. Water and mud may cause invisible dangers on the surface. Pay special attention to the safety and hygiene of drinking water and food. After the water recedes, rebuild and restore
When the flood recedes, be sure to ensure the safety of the staff and volunteers; flooding may bring silt and garbage. It is recommended to wear rubber rain boots and waterproof gloves to clean it thoroughly, thoroughly clean the flooded areas and items (using soap, hot water, detergent, etc.), and keep the house ventilated or warmed to make the house completely dry.
UK National Trust Sizergh Castle employees repaved the wooden tiles in the foyer after heavy rains caused flooding in the summer of 2014
Climate change: An unpredictable future has been predicted
Although many emergency disasters are almost unpredictable emergencies, the impact of climate change on various natural and cultural heritages in recent years has been widely recognized by the National Trust organizations in various countries, and more and more properties have been affected. The British National Trust points out the specific impacts of climate change, including:
Blizzards and droughts, old trees are unhappy
British National Trust has 25,000 hectares of forest land, and is the private landlord with the largest area of forest land in the UK; nearly one-third of the area is almost uninterrupted, and many native British trees grow in the woods, but these old trees are very precious, but they are also very fragile under blizzards and droughts in extreme climates.
Dry dry matter, be careful that fire candles
Dry and long summers increase the frequency of fires. Not only the historical buildings introduced above, but many of the woods and swamps protected by the National Trust were also attacked by wildfires, which had an impact on the ecology.
Snowfall days decreased, and tourists increased:
A property manager of the British National Trust Jim Loxham pointed out that after 40 years of observation, the Lake District, the famous National Trust property "Lake District" now has significantly reduced snowfall and days. The scene of snow covered on the top of the mountain has decreased, and tourists are no longer unable to go up the mountain due to ice and snow. The lake area has become a tourist destination throughout the year, and the increased number of tourists also represents the increase in the maintenance cost of the National Trust. High temperatures not only cause snowfall, but also affects NTR employees and volunteers working outdoors in summer. NTR has begun to actively provide sunscreen supplies such as hats, and also promotes it to enhance the crisis awareness of heat waves, but in the future, it may also need to change the working model to avoid posing danger to staff.
Strong storms, old houses cannot withstand
Another significant phenomenon under climate change is extreme rainfall. Many buildings with hundreds of years of history cannot withstand the heavy rain today, and the cost of maintenance and repair increases; water leakage caused by heavy rain also causes damage to buildings and internal furnishings.
alien species invade, occupying the magpie nest
In addition to allowing wild animals and plants to adapt to high and cold climates to retreat, species from southern Britain and even mainland Europe have also moved in. This is not good news; National Trust is committed to protecting biological habitats, but the habitat environment of species that adapt to cold climates is gradually shrinking due to climate change, and their existence may be threatened.
00 Sea level rise, changing coastline
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National Trust adheres to the goal of sustainable development. Faced with a rapid change and difficult to predict completely accurately, it formulates the following response principles:
National Trust believes in the impact of climate change, and is also committed to reducing the organization's own environmental footprint such as carbon emissions and energy use; and climate change should be taken into consideration in the decision-making process.
National Trust recognizes that it is impossible to ensure that all trust properties are completely unchanged and protected under real circumstances; National Trust will adapt to the forces of nature as much as possible without intervention, adapt to the face of climate change, and strive to prevent disasters.
National Trusts of various countries are committed to permanently preserve precious natural and cultural heritage for the sake of the public; perfect pre-evaluation, planning, and drills are the homework that can protect the environment, people's lives, historical sites, buildings, organizations themselves, etc. in the face of various emergencies.
